| 单词 | estradiol | |||
| 释义 | estradiolenUKes·tra·di·olE0222400 (ĕs′trə-dī′ôl′, -ōl′, -ŏl′)estradiol(ˌɛstrəˈdaɪɒl; ˌiːstrə-)es•tra•di•ol(ˌɛs trəˈdaɪ ɔl, -ɒl)n.
EstradiolenUKestradiol[‚es·trə′dī‚ȯl]EstradiolC18H24O2, a female sex hormone of the estrogen group with the structural formula
Estradiol occurs as colorless crystals with a melting point of 176°–178°C. Poorly soluble in water, it dissolves better in organic solvents. It is optically active, with a specific rotation of [α]D= +81°. Estradiol was first isolated in 1935 from the follicular fluid of the ovaries of swine by the American biochemist E. Doisy. Of all the estrogens, it has the highest physiological activity, but it is rapidly inactivated in the body. Longer-acting preparations of estradiol (estradiol dipropionate and estradiol benzoate) are obtained by the esterization of estradiol with various organic acids. Estradiol has important physiological functions (seeESTROGEN). estradiolenUKestradiol[es″trah-di´ol, es-tra´de-ol]estradiolestradiol acetateestradiol cypionateestradiol hemihydrateestradiol transdermal systemestradiol valeratePharmacologic class: Estrogen Therapeutic class: Hormone Pregnancy risk category X ActionBinds to nuclear receptors in responsive tissues (such as female genital organs, breasts, and pituitary gland), enhancing DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. In androgen-dependent prostate cancer, competes for androgen receptor sites, inhibiting androgen activity. Also decreases pituitary release of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. AvailabilityInjection (cypionate in oil): 5 mg/ml Injection (valerate in oil): 10 mg/ml, 20 mg/ml, 40 mg/ml Tablets: 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 1.5 mg, 2 mg Tablets (film-coated): 25.8 mcg estradiol hemidrate (equivalent to 25 mcg estradiol) Transdermal system: 25 mcg/24-hour release rate, 37.5 mcg/24-hour release rate, 50 mcg/24-hour release rate, 75 mcg/24-hour release rate, 100 mcg/24-hour release rate Vaginal cream: 100 mcg/g Vaginal ring: 2 mg released over 90 days Vaginal tablets: 10 mcg Indications and dosages➣ Symptoms of menopause, atrophic vaginitis, female hypogonadism, ovarian failure, and osteoporosis Adults: 0.5 to 2 mg (estradiol) P.O. daily continuously or cyclically. Or 1 to 5 mg (cypionate) or 10 to 20 mg (valerate) I.M. monthly. Or 50- or 100-mcg/24-hour transdermal patch applied twice weekly (Alora, Estraderm) or weekly (Climara). Or 25-mcg/24-hour patch applied q 7 days (FemPatch) or 37.5- to 100-mcg transdermal patch applied twice weekly (Vivelle). Or 2 to 4 g (0.2 to 0.4 mg) vaginal cream (estradiol) applied daily for 1 to 2 weeks, then decreased to 1 to 2 g/day for 1 to 2 weeks, then a maintenance dose of 1 g one to three times weekly for 3 weeks, then off for 1 week; repeat cycle once vaginal mucosa has been restored. Or 2-mg vaginal ring q 3 months or 10-mcg vaginal tablet once daily for 2 weeks, then twice weekly. ➣ Postmenopausal breast cancer Adults: 10 mg P.O. t.i.d. (estradiol) ➣ Prostate cancer Adults: 1 to 2 mg P.O. t.i.d. (estradiol) or 30 mg I.M. q 1 to 2 weeks (valerate) Contraindications• Hypersensitivity to drug or its components • Thromboembolic disease (current or previous) • Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding • Breast or reproductive system cancer (except in metastatic disease) • Estrogen-dependent neoplasms • Pregnancy PrecautionsUse cautiously in: • cardiovascular, hepatic, or renal disease • breastfeeding patients. Administration• Inject I.M. dose deep into large muscle mass; rotate injection sites. • If switching from oral to transdermal estrogen, apply patch 1 week after withdrawal of oral therapy.  Adverse reactionsCNS: headache, dizziness, lethargy, depression CV: hypertension, myocardial infarction (MI), thromboembolism EENT: contact lens intolerance, worsening of myopia or astigmatism GI: nausea, vomiting, bowel obstruction with vaginal ring (rare) GU: amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, breakthrough bleeding, cervical erosions, decreased libido, vaginal candidiasis, erectile dysfunction, testicular atrophy, gynecomastia, breast pain or tenderness Hepatic: jaundice Metabolic: sodium and fluid retention, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia Musculoskeletal: leg cramps Skin: oily skin, acne, pigmentation changes, urticaria Other: weight loss or gain, edema, increased appetite, toxic shock syndrome with vaginal ring (rare) InteractionsDrug-drug. Insulin, oral hypoglycemics, warfarin: altered requirements for these drugs Drug-diagnostic tests. Antithrombin III, folate, low-density lipoproteins, pyridoxine, total cholesterol, urine pregnanediol: decreased levels Cortisol; factors VII, VIII, IX, and X; glucose; high-density lipoproteins; phospholipids; prolactin; prothrombin; sodium; triglycerides: increased levels Metyrapone test: false decrease Thyroid function tests: false interpretation Drug-behaviors. Smoking: increased risk of adverse CV reactions Patient monitoringSee Monitor vital signs and cardiovascular status, especially for hypertension, thromboembolism, and MI. • Be aware that a few cases of ring adherence to the vaginal wall have occurred, which may require evaluation of wall ulceration and erosion. • Assess vision. • In diabetic patient, monitor blood glucose level and watch for signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia. Patient teaching• Instruct patient to place transdermal patch on clean, dry skin area. • Teach proper technique for use of vaginal tablet, ring, or cream, as appropriate. • Tell patient drug may cause loss of libido (in women) or erectile dysfunction (in men). Encourage patient to discuss these issues with prescriber. See Teach patient to recognize and immediately report signs and symptoms of thromboembolism. See Caution patient not to take drug if she is or plans to become pregnant. • Advise patient that drug may worsen nearsightedness or astigmatism and make contact lenses uncomfortable. • As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs, tests, and behaviors mentioned above. es·tra·di·ol (E2),(es-tră-dī'ol, es-tra'dē-ōl),estradiol(ĕs′trə-dī′ôl′, -ōl′, -ŏl′)estradiolE2 Endocrinology The most potent natural estrogen, produced chiefly by the ovary and in small amount by the testis; it is measured to evaluate postmenopausal status or suspected hypogonadism ↑ in Ovarian tumors, pregnancy, adrenal feminizing tumors, precocious puberty, liver disease, gynecomastia ↓ in OCs, ovarian failure, menopause, hypogonadismes·tra·di·ol(es-tră-dī'ol)Synonym(s): oestradiol. es·tra·di·ol(es-tră-dī'ol)estradiolenUK
Synonyms for estradiol
|
|||
| 随便看 |
英语词典包含2567994条英英释义在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。
