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单词 code
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code


code

C0450700 (kōd)n.1. a. A system of signals used to represent letters or numbers in transmitting messages.b. A system of symbols, letters, or words given certain arbitrary meanings, used for transmitting messages requiring secrecy or brevity.c. An access code.d. A special command, such as a sequence of keystrokes, that allows a user to activate a hidden or accidental feature in a computer program or video game.2. a. The information that constitutes a specific computer program.b. A system of symbols and rules that serve as instructions for a computer.3. Genetics The genetic code.4. a. A systematically arranged and comprehensive collection of laws.b. A systematic collection of regulations or rules of procedure or conduct: a building code.5. Medicine Code blue.6. Slang A patient whose heart has stopped beating, as in cardiac arrest.v. cod·ed, cod·ing, codes v.tr.1. To convert (a message, for example) into code.2. To systematize and arrange (laws and regulations) into a code.3. To assign a code to (something) for identification or classification: coded each response to the survey by age and gender.4. To express or convey (words) in a manner that implies a different meaning: a novel that codes references to a character's sexuality in descriptions of clothing.v.intr.1. Genetics a. To specify the genetic code for an amino acid or a polypeptide: a gene that codes for an enzyme.b. To specify the genetic code for a trait or characteristic: a gene that codes for red hair.2. Computers To write or revise a computer program.3. Slang To go into cardiac arrest.
[Middle English, from Old French, from Latin cōdex, book; see codex.]

code

(kəʊd) n1. (Communications & Information) a system of letters or symbols, and rules for their association by means of which information can be represented or communicated for reasons of secrecy, brevity, etc: binary code; Morse code. See also genetic code2. (Communications & Information) a message in code3. (Communications & Information) a symbol used in a code4. a conventionalized set of principles, rules, or expectations: a code of behaviour. 5. (Communications & Information) a system of letters or digits used for identification or selection purposesvb (tr) (Communications & Information) to translate, transmit, or arrange into a code[C14: from French, from Latin cōdex book, codex]

code

(koʊd)

n., v. cod•ed, cod•ing. n. 1. a system for communication by telegraph, heliograph, etc., in which the letters of a message are represented by long and short sounds, light flashes, etc.: Morse code. 2. a system used for brevity or secrecy of communication, in which arbitrarily chosen words, letters, or symbols are assigned definite meanings. 3. letters, numbers, or other symbols used in a code system to represent or identify something: The code on the label shows the date of manufacture. 4. a systematically arranged collection of existing laws: a local health code. 5. the symbolic arrangement of statements or instructions in a computer program or the set of instructions in such a program. 6. any system of rules and regulations: a code of behavior. 7. a directive or alert to a hospital team assigned to emergency resuscitation of patients. 8. genetic code. 9. Ling. the system of rules shared by the participants in an act of communication; a language, dialect, or language variety. v.t. 10. to translate (a message) into a code; encode. 11. to put or arrange (rules, regulations, etc.) in a code. v.i. 12. to specify the amino acid sequence of a protein by the sequence of nucleotides comprising the gene for that protein: a gene that codes for the production of insulin. [1275–1325; Middle English < Anglo-French, Old French < Latin cōdex codex] cod′er, n.

code

, codex - Code, from Latin codex, meaning "block of wood split into tablets, document written on wood tablets," was first a set of laws.See also related terms for laws.

code

1. Any system of communication in which arbitrary groups of symbols represent units of plain text of varying length. Codes may be used for brevity or for security.
2. A cryptosystem in which the cryptographic equivalents (usually called "code groups"), typically consisting of letters or digits (or both) in otherwise meaningless combinations, are substituted for plain text elements which are primarily words, phrases, or sentences. See also cryptosystem.

Code


cryptanalysis1. the procedures and methods used in translating or interpreting codes and ciphers.
2. the science or study of such procedures. Also cryptanalytics. — cryptanalyst, n. — cryptanalytic, cryptanalytical, adj.cryptograma message or writing in code or cipher. Also cryptograph. — cryptogrammic, adj.cryptography, cryptology1. the science or study of secret writing, especially codes and ciphers.
2. the procedures and methods of making and using codes and ciphers. — cryptographer, cryptographist, n. — cryptographic, adj.

Code

 a collection of laws, rules, or signals; a body of writings. See also canon.Examples: code of cyphers; of ethics, 1841; of laws, 1577; of good manners of perfection, 1875; of rules; of scriptures, 1794; of signals; of Christian writings, 1795.

code


Past participle: coded
Gerund: coding
Imperative
code
code
Present
I code
you code
he/she/it codes
we code
you code
they code
Preterite
I coded
you coded
he/she/it coded
we coded
you coded
they coded
Present Continuous
I am coding
you are coding
he/she/it is coding
we are coding
you are coding
they are coding
Present Perfect
I have coded
you have coded
he/she/it has coded
we have coded
you have coded
they have coded
Past Continuous
I was coding
you were coding
he/she/it was coding
we were coding
you were coding
they were coding
Past Perfect
I had coded
you had coded
he/she/it had coded
we had coded
you had coded
they had coded
Future
I will code
you will code
he/she/it will code
we will code
you will code
they will code
Future Perfect
I will have coded
you will have coded
he/she/it will have coded
we will have coded
you will have coded
they will have coded
Future Continuous
I will be coding
you will be coding
he/she/it will be coding
we will be coding
you will be coding
they will be coding
Present Perfect Continuous
I have been coding
you have been coding
he/she/it has been coding
we have been coding
you have been coding
they have been coding
Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been coding
you will have been coding
he/she/it will have been coding
we will have been coding
you will have been coding
they will have been coding
Past Perfect Continuous
I had been coding
you had been coding
he/she/it had been coding
we had been coding
you had been coding
they had been coding
Conditional
I would code
you would code
he/she/it would code
we would code
you would code
they would code
Past Conditional
I would have coded
you would have coded
he/she/it would have coded
we would have coded
you would have coded
they would have coded
Thesaurus
Noun1.code - a set of rules or principles or laws (especially written ones)codificationblack and white, written communication, written language - communication by means of written symbols (either printed or handwritten)Bushido - traditional code of the Japanese samurai which stressed courage and loyalty and self-discipline and simple livinglegal code - a code of laws adopted by a state or nation; "a code of laws"building code - set of standards established and enforced by local government for the structural safety of buildingsdress code - a set of rules specifying the correct manner of dress while on the premises of the institution (or specifying what manner of dress is prohibited)fire code - set of standards established and enforced by government for fire prevention and safety in case of fire as in fire escapes etcomerta - a code of silence practiced by the Mafia; a refusal to give evidence to the police about criminal activitieshealth code, sanitary code - set of standards established and enforced by government for health requirements as in plumbing etcHighway Code - the code of rules governing the use of public roads
2.code - a coding system used for transmitting messages requiring brevity or secrecycoding system - a system of signals used to represent letters or numbers in transmitting messagesaccess code, access - a code (a series of characters or digits) that must be entered in some way (typed or dialed or spoken) to get the use of something (a telephone line or a computer or a local area network etc.)area code - a number usually of 3 digits assigned to a telephone area as in the United States and Canadabar code, Universal Product Code - code consisting of a series of vertical bars of variable width that are scanned by a laser; printed on consumer product packages to identify the item for a computer that provides the price and registers inventory informationcolor code - system using colors to designate classificationscryptograph, secret code, cypher, cipher - a secret method of writinginternational Morse code, Morse, Morse code - a telegraph code in which letters and numbers are represented by strings of dots and dashes (short and long signals)postal code, postcode, ZIP code, ZIP - a code of letters and digits added to a postal address to aid in the sorting of mail
3.code - (computer science) the symbolic arrangement of data or instructions in a computer program or the set of such instructionscode - (computer science) the symbolic arrangement of data or instructions in a computer program or the set of such instructionscomputer codecomputer science, computing - the branch of engineering science that studies (with the aid of computers) computable processes and structurescoding system - a system of signals used to represent letters or numbers in transmitting messagesaddress, computer address, reference - (computer science) the code that identifies where a piece of information is storedAmerican Standard Code for Information Interchange, ASCII - (computer science) a code for information exchange between computers made by different companies; a string of 7 binary digits represents each character; used in most microcomputersbinary code - code using a string of 8 binary digits to represent charactersECC, error correction code - (telecommunication) a coding system that incorporates extra parity bits in order to detect errorsfirmware, microcode - (computer science) coded instructions that are stored permanently in read-only memorymachine code, machine language - a set of instructions coded so that the computer can use it directly without further translationobject code - the machine-language output of a compiler that is ready for execution on a particular computeroperation code, order code - the portion of a set of operation descriptions that specifies the operation to be performed; the set of operations in a computersoftware, software package, software program, software system, computer software, package - (computer science) written programs or procedures or rules and associated documentation pertaining to the operation of a computer system and that are stored in read/write memory; "the market for software is expected to expand"program line, instruction, statement, command - (computer science) a line of code written as part of a computer program
Verb1.code - attach a code to; "Code the pieces with numbers so that you can identify them later"mark, tag, label - attach a tag or label to; "label these bottles"
2.code - convert ordinary language into code; "We should encode the message for security reasons"cipher, cypher, encipher, encrypt, write in code, inscribeencode - convert information into code; "encode pictures digitally"

code

noun1. principles, rules, manners, custom, convention, ethics, maxim, etiquette, system Writers are expected to observe journalistic ethics and code of conduct.2. law, rules, regulations, constitution, charter, canon, jurisprudence This crime is included in the penal code on treason.3. cipher, cryptograph They used elaborate secret codes.
Translations
代码密码把...译成电码法典

code

(kəud) noun1. a collection of laws or rules. a code of behaviour. 法典 法典2. a (secret) system of words, letters, or symbols. the Morse Code; The message was in code; We have deciphered the enemy's code. 密碼 密码3. a system of symbols etc for translating one type of language into another. There are a number of codes for putting English into a form usable by a computer. 代碼 代码 verb to put into (secret, computer etc) code. Have you coded the material for the computer? 把...編成密碼 把...译成电码

code

→ 代码zhCN
  • Is there a dress code? (US)
    Is there a dress-code? (UK) → 需要穿正装吗？
  • What's the country code for the UK? (US)
    What is the dialling code for the UK? (UK) → 英国的国家区号是什么？

code


blue code of silence

An unspoken policy of concealment by police regarding the wrongdoing or illicit activity of other officers. Primarily heard in US, South Africa. I respect the need for the police, but it's hard to trust them completely when so many stories of the blue code of silence come to light.See also: blue, code, of, silence

clean code

Computer programming code that is written concisely, efficiently, and in an organized manner, so as to be easily read and understood by another. We encourage all our programmers to write clean code so that anyone else in the company can easily use and add to their work if necessary.See also: clean, code

code of silence

The practice of not disclosing important or vital information by members of a group, as due to the threat of violence, reprisal, being branded as a traitor, or an inherent sense of honor. There are parts of the city where the code of silence is so strong that police don't even bother questioning the residents there.See also: code, of, silence

break a/the code

To determine or decipher a secret code. It is imperative that we break the enemy code and access their plans. She definitely broke the code on my phone—her picture is suddenly my new background!See also: break, code

bring (something) up to code

To alter or improve something so that it meets building codes or regulations. Primarily heard in US. The inspector said we need to bring the house up to code by installing railings on the staircases.See also: bring, code, up

code-switch

1. To alternate between two or more languages while speaking. My mom grew up in Quebec, and though she speaks English fluently now, she still sometimes code-switches back to French mid-sentence.2. To change one's language or manner of speaking or communication to match one's current environment or audience. Many African Americans spend their whole life code-switching. Sorry for the tween slang—I tend to code-switch when I'm around my kids.

code-switching

1. The act or practice of alternating between two or more languages while speaking. My mom grew up in Quebec, and though she speaks English fluently now, she's prone to code-switching back to French mid-sentence.2. The act or practice of changing one's language or manner of speaking or communication to match one's current environment or audience. Code-switching is an inherent part of African-American culture. Code-switching is a big part of communicating with my kids—I try to use the terms they know.

code brown

slang Accidental defecation somewhere other than a toilet. Can you call the janitor? There's been a code brown in this hospital room.See also: brown, code

code yellow

slang Accidental urination somewhere other than a toilet. Can you call the janitor? There's been a code yellow in this hospital room.See also: code, yellow

code decay

The tendency for computer software to become gradually worse in performance or responsiveness over time, eventually leading to it becoming completely faulty, unresponsive, or unusable. This is either due to software failing to remain up to date and compatible with the operating system in which it operates, or because the software's code has been updated or altered in ways that have introduced more bugs and errors over time. (It doesn't refer to actual physical decay.) If you want to develop programs that people continue to use for years to come, you've got to factor in ways to avoid code decay with each new update, the users will eventually move on to something that works better. A lot of people just let programs sit on their hard drives for years at a time without being updated or upgraded at all, and then are totally flabbergasted when code decay renders them totally unusable down the line.See also: code, decay

code rot

The tendency for computer software to become gradually worse in performance or responsiveness over time, eventually leading to it becoming completely faulty, unresponsive, or unusable. This is either due to software failing to remain up to date and compatible with the operating system in which it operates, or because the software's code has been updated or altered in ways that have introduced more bugs and errors over time. (It doesn't refer to actual physical decay.) If you want to develop programs that people continue to use for years to come, you've got to factor in ways to avoid code rot with each new update, the users will eventually move on to something that works better. A lot of people just let programs sit on their hard drives for years at a time without being updated or upgraded at all, and then are totally flabbergasted when code rot renders them totally unusable down the line.See also: code, rot

break a code

to figure out a code; to decipher a secret code. The intelligence agents finally broke the enemy's code. When they broke the code, they were able to decipher messages.See also: break, code

bring something up to code

renovate an old building or update its features in line with the latest building regulations. North AmericanSee also: bring, code, something, up

code brown

n. a fecal accident. (Jocular word play based on a hospital’s PA announcements of various color codes.) Code brown on third floor east. See also: brown, code

code yellow

a urinary accident. (Jocular word play based on a hospital’s PA announcements of various color codes.) Whoops. Code yellow. Change the sheets and the mattress. See also: code, yellow

crack the code, to

To solve a difficult problem or mystery. The term is derived from deciphering coded intelligence during wartime and became current during World War II, when cryptography, used by armies at least since Napoleon’s day, reached new heights of sophistication. After the war it began to be transferred to other areas, such as solving a difficult scientific problem (cracking the genetic code, for example). See also tough nut to crack. See also: crack

code


code,

in communications, set of symbols and rules for their manipulation by which the symbols can be made to carry information. By this extended definition all written and spoken languages are codes. While these are sufficient and actually quite efficient in transmission of information, they are at times ambiguous and are highly inefficient for telecommunications. For example, a circuit capable of carrying a voice message, e.g., a telephone circuit, could carry several times as much information if that information were represented as telegraphic code.

Generally speaking, information theoryinformation theory
or communication theory,
mathematical theory formulated principally by the American scientist Claude E. Shannon to explain aspects and problems of information and communication.
..... Click the link for more information.  shows that for any particular application there is an optimum code; it does not, unfortunately, tell how to devise the code. Morse codeMorse code
[for S. F. B. Morse], the arbitrary set of signals used on the telegraph (see code). It may also be used with a flash lamp for visible signaling. The international (or continental) Morse code is a simplified form generally used in radio telegraphy.
..... Click the link for more information. , consisting of a series of dots and dashes, or marks and spaces, is commonly used in telegraphy. In a computer, information is digitally encoded as strings of binary digits or bits. ASCIIASCII
or American Standard Code for Information Interchange,
a set of codes used to represent letters, numbers, a few symbols, and control characters. Originally designed for teletype operations, it has found wide application in computers.
..... Click the link for more information. , the American Standard Code for Information Interchange, and UnicodeUnicode
, set of codes used to represent letters, numbers, control characters, and the like, designed for use internationally in computers. It has been expanded to include such items as scientific, mathematical, and technical symbols, and even musical notation.
..... Click the link for more information.  are two ways representing alphanumeric characters in a binary form.

Special error-detecting codes are used extensively in digital systems to ensure the successful transfer of data. One method uses an extra bit, called a parity-check bit; if each bit is considered as a 1 or 0 (depending on whether or not it is set), the sum of a fixed number of bits can be made even (or odd) by properly setting the parity bit to a one or zero. Errors are detected on the receiving end simply by checking whether each received word is even (or odd). Audio data on a compact disccompact disc
(CD), a small plastic disc used for the storage of digital data. As originally developed for audio systems, the sound signal is sampled at a rate of 44,100 times a second, then each sample is measured and digitally encoded on the 4 3-4 in (12 cm) disc as a series of
..... Click the link for more information.  is digitally encoded and a special error correcting code is used to detect and correct errors that may have been introduced through manufacturing error or are created during the reading or playing process.

Certain arbitrary codes are used to ensure secrecy of communication; merely the message, without the rules by which the symbols are associated, will not provide an eavesdropper with an understandable version of it (see cryptographycryptography
[Gr.,=hidden writing], science of secret writing. There are many devices by which a message can be concealed from the casual reader, e.g., invisible writing, but the term cryptography strictly applies to translating messages into cipher or code.
..... Click the link for more information. ). See also signalingsignaling,
transmission of information by visible, audible, or other detectable means. Since prehistoric times humans have sought and employed ever more effective means of communicating over distance. Signal fires on mountain tops announced awaited events.
..... Click the link for more information. .

Bibliography

See P. Lunde, ed., The Book of Codes (2009).

code,

in law, in its widest sense any body of legal rules expressed in fixed and authoritative written form. A statutestatute,
in law, a formal, written enactment by the authorized powers of a state. The term is usually not applied to a written constitution but is restricted to the enactments of a legislature.
..... Click the link for more information.  thus may be termed a code. Codes contrast with customary law (including common lawcommon law,
system of law that prevails in England and in countries colonized by England. The name is derived from the medieval theory that the law administered by the king's courts represented the common custom of the realm, as opposed to the custom of local jurisdiction that
..... Click the link for more information. ), which is susceptible of various nonbinding formulations, as in the legal opinions of judges. The earliest codes (e.g., the Roman Twelve TablesTwelve Tables,
early code of Roman law. Most modern authorities accept the traditional date of 450 B.C., but several place the work later. The tables were supposedly written in response to the plebeians' protest that the patrician judges were able to discriminate against them
..... Click the link for more information. ) met the popular demand that oral regulations be written down so that legal chicanery might be prevented. In later Roman law, however, the term code acquired its modern meaning of a precisely formulated statement of the principles underlying some branch of law (e.g., contracts) or an entire legal system. One of the greatest codes was the Roman Corpus Juris CivilisCorpus Juris Civilis
, most comprehensive code of Roman law and the basic document of all modern civil law. Compiled by order of Byzantine Emperor Justinian I, the first three parts appeared between 529 and 535 and were the work of a commission of 17 jurists presided over by the
..... Click the link for more information. . In Europe, in the late 18th cent., after the general adoption of civil lawcivil law,
as used in this article, a modern legal system based upon Roman law, as distinguished from common law. Civil law is based on written legal codes, a hallmark of the Roman legal system, in which disputes were settled by reference to a written legal code arrived at
..... Click the link for more information.  by the continental countries, jurists asserted that similar codes were needed, and the parent modern European codification, the Code NapoléonCode Napoléon
or Code Civil
, first modern legal code of France, promulgated by Napoleon I in 1804. The work of J. J. Cambacérès and a commission of four appointed by Napoleon I in 1800 was important in making the final draft.
..... Click the link for more information. , appeared (1804) and was followed by many others. The civil law code is an attempt to determine in advance what legal exigencies will arise and to furnish the means for meeting them. Basic legal principles (e.g., that contracts express the will of the parties) are worked out in systematic detail and great attention is given to consistency. The movement for codification, however, has been largely unsuccessful in countries where common law prevails, such as the United States, despite the argument that the principles of common law are sometimes uncertain and often contradict one another. Advocates of the common law assert that civil law makes possibly futile attempts to predict and control the course of developments. In the United States the term code is sometimes also applied to the statutes of a state or of the federal government that have been edited to eliminate duplication and inconsistencies and arranged under appropriate headings.

code

the differential usage of a system or collection of SIGNS, marking differential social memberships. Codes may be conscious or unconscious. An influential example is BERNSTEIN's notion of differential usages of English, by which fundamental status and class differences are communicated and reproduced (see ELABORATED AND RESTRICTED CODES). Other examples include dress and fashion codes, with identities claimed or refused by items selected, and by the selection of terms, actions or items used as identification by formal and informal special interest groups, secret societies, sexual minorities or drug users.

Code

 

in digital computers, a preset system of symbols representing the information in the computer. Each code uses the characters of its own alphabet. For most codes the alphabet has two symbols or consists of letters from a two-symbol alphabet. The physical form of a code depends on the nature of the data carrier used, and there may be several versions for the same computer. For example, in written documents the code is in the form of numerals and (or) letters of the Russian or Latin alphabet; on punched cards it is a combination of perforated and unperforated areas; on magnetic drums and disks it is in the form of configurations of magnetized sections; in the cells of an internal memory it is in the form of groups of magnetic cores, each of which is in one of two possible states. The main symbols used in a digital computer are 0 and 1.

The codes used in a computer usually include a symbolic (alpha-numeric) code to represent textual information and programs written in algorithmic languages, an instruction code to represent programs in machine language, and a number code to represent the numerical data. The plan of the code, in which all its principal parts and the number of binary symbols in each of its parts are indicated, is called the code format.

A symbolic code is a series of groups composed of identical numbers of binary symbols (eight in most modern digital computers). Each group designates one symbol (a letter, arbitrary sign, or number). The number of groups in a code depends on the length of the coded text. The instruction code includes as a principal part an “operation code,” which determines the computer’s response to a certain instruction, and the structure of the remainder of the code, which may contain the address (operand) codes, the desired results, and also sometimes the codes of the operands themselves and the codes for other parts of the instruction. A number code depends on the type of numerical representation in the computer. A number with a fixed point is represented by one of three codes (the true representation, the one’s complement, and the complement). A number code that is represented by a form with a floating point is written as an ordered pair consisting of the mantissa and order codes; both the mantissa and the order can be represented by one of the three codes indicated above.

A true representation is usually used to store numbers in a memory unit; the one’s complement and complement are used to execute arithmetic and certain other operations. When sending numbers from the memory unit to the arithmetic unit and vice versa, they are recoded. All three codes are made up of a sign code (the number of digits assigned is /), an integer code (m), and a fraction code (n). The sum d = l + m + n is called the code length. In a digital computer or its hardware, l,m, and n are usually fixed. For integers n = 0, for proper fractions usually m = 0, and when all the numbers have the same sign, l = 0.

For positive numbers the digit code is denoted by a series of zeros; for negative numbers, by a series of ones. For positive numbers the true representation, one’s complement, and complement coincide. In the true representation, the representation of negative numbers differs from that of positive numbers only in the sign code; in the one’s complement the digits of the number are replaced by their complements with respect to 1 (that is, 0 is replaced by 1, and vice versa). The complement of a negative number differs from the one’s complement in that after the inversion of the digits the result is added to a d-digit number having zeros in all places except the lowest, without a carryover operation. For example, a binary-system number is equal to + 11.01. Let l = 2, m = 3, and n = 4; by adding zeros to the integral and fractional parts we will write the number in the form +011.0100. The true representation, one’s complement, and complement of the given number are identical—that is, 00 011 0100. For the negative number — 11.01 the true representation has the form 11 011 0100, and the one’s complement has the form 11 100 1011, and the complement code is 11 100 1100. The choice between the one’s complement and the complement depends on the design and logic of the computer.

REFERENCES

Kitov, A. I., and N. A. Krinitskii. Elektronnye tsifrovye mashiny i programmirovanie, 2nd ed. Moscow, 1961.
Krinitskii, N. A., G. A. Mironov, and G. D. Frolov. Programmirovanie, 2nd ed. Moscow, 1966.

N. A. KRINITSKII

Code

 

a system of preset characters for transmitting, processing, and storing (retrieving) a variety of information. A finite sequence of coded characters is called a word. The number of different characters used in the words of a given code is known as its base; for example a code with base 2 is called a binary code. If all the words have the same length or number of elements n, it is a uniform n-unit code. If the words are of variable length, the code is called nonuniform—for example, Morse code. A code is considered to be complete when it is impossible to add another new code combination without impairing its intelligibility. A complete, uniform n-unit code contains mn words, where m is the base of the code. A code containing code combinations that are used to isolate one message from another is called a code with delimiters; one in which all code combination are used only to designate message elements is called a code without delimiters. The code combinations that form delimiters can be made up either of special code characters or of the same code characters that form the code combinations corresponding to definite elements of a message. Sometimes it is convenient to divide the message elements into several groups and to construct a code for each group; the signal for shifting from one code to another is supplied by special code combinations (addresses). A set of codes for each of the group of elements together with the address code combinations is known as a multiple-address or multiple-program code.

Codes are usually transcribed by digits and numbers (0, 1, 2, . . . , 57, 9276, and so on) or signs, such as + (plus), — (minus), · (dot), or — (dash). In engineering each code character is a predetermined designation for some elementary signal having certain physical parameters (signal characteristics) that can take on different values. For electrical signals these characteristics may be the amplitude of the current or voltage, the polarity or duration of electric pulses (or pulse trains), or their repetition rate.

The codes used in remote control, in communications and automatic control systems, and in computer technology are a set of combinations made up of electric pulses and the spaces between them, which is equivalent to a representation of the coded values in the form of binary numbers—that is, sets composed of 0’s and 1’s. The number of pulses in the combinations or bits in the equivalent binary number determines the number of units in the code.

The selection of a code depends on the conditions of transmission, processing, or storage of the information and is associated mainly with the most efficient use of communications channels and the provision of the required noise immunity during transmission. Codes are made more complicated in order to improve their noise immunity: extra checking digits are added to the information characters. Codes that detect and correct errors are constructed using this principle.

Code

 

in remote control, a system of electric or pneumatic signals used for transmitting binary or binary-coded decimal messages over a communications channel. Signals that differ in such characteristics as amplitude, frequency, polarity, phase, and duration are used to represent and transmit single elements of a code. Thus, in a binary code using polarity indicators, the element “0” is coded by a pulse of negative polarity and the element “1” is coded by a pulse of positive polarity. Width indicators may mean a difference in the duration of a pulse or in the duration of the interval between pulses. If not all possible combinations of elements are used for message transmissions, the use of special methods becomes feasible, making possible during reception the detection and correction of distortions (errors) in the transmitted elements of a code. Such methods improve the reliability of data transmission.

The choice of a coding system, the means of transmission, and the methods for improving the reliability of transmitted information depend on the actual operating conditions of the remote-control system, the importance of objectives to be achieved, the properties of communications channels, and the apparatus being used.

REFERENCES

Shastova, G. A. Kodirovanie i pomekhoustoichivost’ peredachi telemekhanicheskoi informatsii. Moscow-Leningrad, 1966.
Il’in, V. A. Telekontrol’ i teleupravlenie. Moscow, 1969.

M. M. GEL’MAN

Code

 

a set of arbitrary symbols used by members of the diplomatic service for secret correspondence with their government and by the armed forces for transmission of orders, directives, and messages. Encipherment is achieved by substituting in varying combinations numerals or letters of the alphabet for entire phrases or for words, syllables, or letters in accordance with a predetermined system, which, consequently, is the key for deciphering the text. Texts written in double codes must be deciphered twice and require two keys. Codes do not always guarantee secrecy of correspondence, since the key to even a very complex code can be derived from calculations, from computations involving the recurrence of individual symbols, and by other means.

code

[kōd] (communications) A system of symbols and rules for expressing information, such as the Morse code, Electronic Industries Association color code, and the binary and other machine languages used in digital computers.

code

1. A legal instrument adopted within a political jurisdiction (such as a town, county, state, province, parish, etc.) that prescribes the minimum acceptable levels of the design, construction, installation, and performance of materials, components, devices, items of equipment, appliances used in a building, or building systems and/or subsystems. 2. A published body of rules and regulations for building practices, materials, and installations, designed to protect the health, welfare, and safety of the public, such as a building code, health code, etc. Codes established by municipal, state, or federal authorities usually have the power of law.

code (secondary surveillance radar, or SSR code)

The number assigned to a particular multiple pulse reply signal transmitted by a transponder (ICAO).

code

1. Instructions for a computer in some programminglanguage, often machine language (machine code).

The word "code" is often used to distinguish instructions fromdata (e.g. "The code is marked 'read-only'") whereas theword "software" is used in contrast with "hardware" andmay consist of more than just code.

code

(1) A set of machine symbols that represents data or instructions. See data code and machine language.

(2) Any representation of one set of data for another. For example, a parts code is an abbreviated name of a product, product type or category. A discount code is a percentage.

(3) To write a program. See coding, source code and line of code.

(4) To encode for security purposes. See cryptography and coding.

code


code

(kōd), 1. A set of rules, principles, or ethics. 2. Any system devised to convey information or facilitate communication. 3. Term used in hospitals to describe an emergency requiring situation-trained members of the staff, such as a cardiopulmonary resuscitation team, or the signal to summon such a team. 4. A numeric system for ordering and classifying information, for example, about diagnostic categories. [L. codex, book]

code

(kōd)n.1. Genetics The genetic code.2. Medicine Code blue.3. Slang A patient whose heart has stopped beating, as in cardiac arrest.v. coded, coding, codes v.tr. To assign a code to (something) for identification or classification: coded each response to the survey by age and gender.v.intr.1. Genetics a. To specify the genetic code for an amino acid or a polypeptide: a gene that codes for an enzyme.b. To specify the genetic code for a trait or characteristic: a gene that codes for red hair.2. Slang To go into cardiac arrest.
Emergency care True code noun A widely used, highly popular term for
(1) A cardiopulmonary arrest or other emergency requiring resuscitation and a coordinated all-hands-on-deck response on the part of medical personnel
(2) A call for personnel over the hospital’s PA system to respond to such an emergency
verb To suffer a cardiac arrest in a hospital environment
Ethics A set of rules or principles
Genetics See Genetic code
Informatics The set of programmed instructions that tells a computer to do something
Managed care A system for classifying medical or surgical procedures for payment by third-party payers
Vox populi A system for organizing large amounts of information, in which each block of data is designated by an alphanumeric

code

noun Emergency care True code A widely used, highly popular term for 1. A cardiopulmonary arrest or other emergency requiring resuscitation, or.2. A call for personnel over the hospital's PA system to respond to such an emergency. See Failed code, Slow code Ethics A set of rules or principles. See Code of Hammurabi, Nuremburg code, Hunter-killer code Managed care A system for classifying medical or surgical procedures for payment by third-party payers. See A code, Activity code, Barcode, -GB code, J code, K code, NBG code, Uniform billing code, V code Vox populi A system for organizing large amounts of information, in which each block of data is designated by an alphanumeric. See Barcode. verb To suffer a cardiac arrest in a hospital environment.

code

(kōd) 1. A set of rules, principles, or ethics. 2. Any system devised to convey information or facilitate communication. 3. Term used in hospitals to describe an emergency situation requiring trained members of the staff, such as a cardiopulmonary resuscitation team, or the signal to summon such a team. 4. A numeric system for ordering and classifying information (e.g., about diagnostic categories). 5. To assign an alphanumeric combination to a diagnosis or procedure.
See also: NATO code[L. codex, book]

code

(kōd) 1. Any system devised to convey information or facilitate communication. 2. A numeric system for ordering and classifying information. [L. codex, book]

code


Related to code: Morse code, zip code

Code

A systematic and comprehensive compilation of laws, rules, or regulations that are consolidated and classified according to subject matter.

Many states have published official codes of all laws in force, including the Common Law and statutes as judicially interpreted, that have been compiled by code commissions and enacted by legislatures. The U.S. Code (U.S.C.) is the compilation of federal laws.

code

n. a collection of written laws gathered together, usually covering specific subject matter. Thus, a state may have a civil code, corporations code, education code, evidence code, health and safety codes, insurance code, labor code, motor vehicle code, penal code, revenue and taxation code, and so forth. Federal statutes which deal with legal matters are grouped together in codes. There are also statutes which are not codified. Despite their apparent permanence codes are constantly being amended by legislative bodies. Some codes are administrative and have the force of law even though they were created and adopted by regulatory agencies and are not actually statutes or laws. (See: law, statute)

code

see CODIFICATION.

CODE, legislation. Signifies in general a collection of laws. It is a name given by way of eminence to a collection of such laws made by the legislature. Among the most noted may be mentioned the following:

CODE, JUSTINIAN, civil law. A collection of the constitutions of the emperors, from Adrian to Justinian; the greater part of those from Adrian to Constantine are mere rescripts; those from Constantine to Justinian are edicts or laws, properly speaking.
2. The code is divided into twelve books, which are subdivided into titles, in which the constitutions are collected under proper heads. They are placed in chronological order, but often disjointed. At the head of each constitution is placed the name of the emperor who is the author, and that of the person to whom it is addressed. The date is at the end. Several of these constitutions, which were formerly in the code were lost, it is supposed by the neglect of "copyists. Some of them have been restored by modern authors, among whom may be mentioned Charondas, Cugas, and Contius, who translated them from Greek, versions.

CODE, OF LOUISIANA. In 1822, Peter Derbigny, Edward Livingston, and Moreau Lislet, were selected by the legislature to revise and amend the civil code, and to add to it such laws still in force as were not included therein. They were authorized to add a system of commercial law, and a code of practice. The code the prepared having been adopted, was promulgated in 1824, under the title of the "Civil Code of the State of Louisiana."
2. The code is based on the Code Napoleon, with proper and judicious modifications, suitable for the state of Louisiana. It is composed of three books: 1. the first treats of persons; 2. the second of things, and of the different modifications of property; 3. and the third of the different modes of acquiring the property of things. It contains 3522 articles, numbered from the beginning, for the convenience of reference.
3. This code, it is said, contains many inaccurate definitions. The legislature modified and changed many of the provisions relating to the positive legislation, but adopted the definitions and abstract doctrines of the code without material alterations. From this circumstance, as well as from the inherent difficulty of the subject, the positive provisions of the code are often at variance with the theoretical part, which was intended to elucidate them. 13 L. R. 237.
4. This code went into operation on the 20th day of May,. 1825. 11 L. R. 60. It is in both the French and English languages; and in construing it, it is a rule that when the expressions used in the French text of the code are more comprehensive than those used in English, or vice versa, the more enlarged sense will be taken, as thus full effect will be given to both clauses. 2 N. S. 582.

CODE, NAPOLEON. The Code Civil of France, enacted into law during the reign of Napoleon, bore his name until the restoration of the Bourbons when it was deprived of that name, and it is now cited Code Civil.

code


code

(1) Any systematic collection of laws, regulations, or rules.(2) Shorthand for any of the various building codes,such as, for example,“This historic property has been updated and meets all current code requirements.”

CODE


AcronymDefinition
CODE➣Client Server Open Development Environment
CODE➣Cooperative Development Environment
CODE➣Campaign for an Open Digital Environment
CODE➣Canadian Organization for Development Through Education
CODE➣Collaborative Ownership and the Digital Economy
CODE➣Council of Ontario Directors of Education
CODE➣Client/Server Open Development Environment
CODE➣Confederation Of Dental Employers
CODE➣Centre of Digital Enterprise (University of Auckland Business School)
CODE➣Collaborative Distance Education
CODE➣Crude Oil Data Exchange
CODE➣Coherent Digital Exciter
CODE➣Conference Of Diocesan Executives
CODE➣Comisión Oaxaqueña de Defensa Ecológica (Spanish: Oaxacan Green Defense Commission; Mexico)
CODE➣Common Operating Digital Environment
CODE➣Corporate Outplacement Declaration of Ethics
CODE➣Coordinators Of Data Processing Education
CODE➣Council of Ontario Drama and Dance in Education
CODE➣Computers Our Dreaded Enemy :-)
CODE➣College of Online Distance Education
CODE➣Committee on Disordered Eating (Manitoba, Canada)

code


Related to code: Morse code, zip code
  • all
  • noun
  • verb

Synonyms for code

noun principles

Synonyms

  • principles
  • rules
  • manners
  • custom
  • convention
  • ethics
  • maxim
  • etiquette
  • system

noun law

Synonyms

  • law
  • rules
  • regulations
  • constitution
  • charter
  • canon
  • jurisprudence

noun cipher

Synonyms

  • cipher
  • cryptograph

Synonyms for code

noun a set of rules or principles or laws (especially written ones)

Synonyms

  • codification

Related Words

  • black and white
  • written communication
  • written language
  • Bushido
  • legal code
  • building code
  • dress code
  • fire code
  • omerta
  • health code
  • sanitary code
  • Highway Code

noun a coding system used for transmitting messages requiring brevity or secrecy

Related Words

  • coding system
  • access code
  • access
  • area code
  • bar code
  • Universal Product Code
  • color code
  • cryptograph
  • secret code
  • cypher
  • cipher
  • international Morse code
  • Morse
  • Morse code
  • postal code
  • postcode
  • ZIP code
  • ZIP

noun (computer science) the symbolic arrangement of data or instructions in a computer program or the set of such instructions

Synonyms

  • computer code

Related Words

  • computer science
  • computing
  • coding system
  • address
  • computer address
  • reference
  • American Standard Code for Information Interchange
  • ASCII
  • binary code
  • ECC
  • error correction code
  • firmware
  • microcode
  • machine code
  • machine language
  • object code
  • operation code
  • order code
  • software
  • software package
  • software program
  • software system
  • computer software
  • package
  • program line
  • instruction
  • statement
  • command

verb attach a code to

Related Words

  • mark
  • tag
  • label

verb convert ordinary language into code

Synonyms

  • cipher
  • cypher
  • encipher
  • encrypt
  • write in code
  • inscribe

Related Words

  • encode
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更新时间：2024/12/24 1:07:33