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单词 foundation
释义

foundation


foun·da·tion

F0278900 (foun-dā′shən)n.1. The act of founding, especially the establishment of an institution with provisions for future maintenance.2. Architecture A wall or other structure, as of concrete or masonry, usually extending below ground level and forming the base upon which a building rests. 3. Something that gives rise to or supports something else. See Synonyms at base1.4. a. Funds for the perpetual support of an institution; an endowment.b. An institution founded and supported by an endowment.5. A cosmetic used as a base for facial makeup.6. A supporting undergarment, such as a corset or girdle, designed to give the body a more desirable shape. Also called foundation garment.
[Middle English fundacioun, from Latin fundātiō, fundātiōn-, from fundātus, past participle of fundāre, to lay the groundwork for; see found1.]
foun·da′tion·al adj.

foundation

(faʊnˈdeɪʃən) n1. that on which something is founded; basis2. (Building) (often plural) a construction below the ground that distributes the load of a building, wall, etc3. the base on which something stands4. the act of founding or establishing or the state of being founded or established5. (Banking & Finance) a. an endowment or legacy for the perpetual support of an institution such as a school or hospitalb. on the foundation entitled to benefit from the funds of a foundation6. an institution supported by an endowment, often one that provides funds for charities, research, etc7. (Law) the charter incorporating or establishing a society or institution and the statutes or rules governing its affairs8. (Clothing & Fashion) a cosmetic in cream or cake form used as a base for make-up9. (Clothing & Fashion) See foundation garment10. (Card Games) cards a card on which a sequence may be built founˈdational adj founˈdationally adv founˈdationary adj

foun•da•tion

(faʊnˈdeɪ ʃən)

n. 1. the basis or groundwork of anything: the moral foundation of both society and religion. 2. the natural or prepared ground or base on which some structure rests. 3. the lowest division of a building, wall, or the like. 4. the act of founding. 5. the state of being founded. 6. an institution financed by a donation or legacy, as to aid research, education, or the arts. 7. an endowment for such an institution. 8. a facial cosmetic used as the undercoating for other makeup; base. 9. foundation garment. [1350–1400; Middle English foundacioun < Latin fundā(re) to found2] foun•da′tion•al, adj. foun•da′tion•al•ly, adv. foun•da′tion•ar′y, adj. syn: See base1.
Thesaurus
Noun1.foundation - the basis on which something is grounded; "there is little foundation for his objections"relation - an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts togetherbasis, footing, ground - a relation that provides the foundation for something; "they were on a friendly footing"; "he worked on an interim basis"grass roots - the essential foundation or source; "the problem was attacked at the grass roots"
2.foundation - an institution supported by an endowmentfinancial institution, financial organisation, financial organization - an institution (public or private) that collects funds (from the public or other institutions) and invests them in financial assetscharity - a foundation created to promote the public good (not for assistance to any particular individuals)
3.foundation - lowest support of a structurefoundation - lowest support of a structure; "it was built on a base of solid rock"; "he stood at the foot of the tower"understructure, base, groundwork, substructure, fundament, footbed - a foundation of earth or rock supporting a road or railroad track; "the track bed had washed away"raft foundation - a foundation (usually on soft ground) consisting of an extended layer of reinforced concretestructure, construction - a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts; "the structure consisted of a series of arches"; "she wore her hair in an amazing construction of whirls and ribbons"support - supporting structure that holds up or provides a foundation; "the statue stood on a marble support"
4.foundation - education or instruction in the fundamentals of a field of knowledge; "he lacks the foundation necessary for advanced study"; "a good grounding in mathematics"groundingeducation - knowledge acquired by learning and instruction; "it was clear that he had a very broad education"
5.foundation - the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained; "the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture"cornerstone, fundament, groundwork, basis, baseexplanation - thought that makes something comprehensiblemeat and potatoes - the fundamental part; "successful negotiation is the meat and potatoes of arbitration"supposal, supposition, assumption - a hypothesis that is taken for granted; "any society is built upon certain assumptions"
6.foundation - a woman's undergarment worn to give shape to the contours of the bodyfoundation garmentcorset, stays, girdle - a woman's close-fitting foundation garmentroll-on - a woman's foundation garment rolled on to the hipsundergarment, unmentionable - a garment worn under other garments
7.foundation - the act of starting something for the first timefoundation - the act of starting something for the first time; introducing something new; "she looked forward to her initiation as an adult"; "the foundation of a new scientific society"founding, instauration, initiation, origination, innovation, institution, creation, introductioncommencement, start, beginning - the act of starting something; "he was responsible for the beginning of negotiations"authorship, paternity - the act of initiating a new idea or theory or writing; "the authorship of the theory is disputed"

foundation

noun1. basis, heart, root, mainstay, beginning, support, ground, rest, key, principle, fundamental, premise, starting point, principal element Best friends are the foundation of my life.2. (often plural) substructure, underpinning, groundwork, bedrock, base, footing, bottom vertical or lateral support for building foundations3. setting up, institution, instituting, organization, settlement, establishment, initiating, originating, starting, endowment, inauguration the foundation of the modern welfare state4. justification, grounds, basis, warrant, reason The allegations were without foundation.

foundation

noun1. The act of founding or establishing:constitution, creation, establishment, institution, organization, origination, start-up.2. The lowest or supporting part or structure:base, basis, bed, bottom, foot, footing, fundament, ground, groundwork, seat, substratum, underpinning (often used in plural).3. That on which something immaterial, such as an argument or a charge, rests:base, basis, footing, fundament, ground (often used in plural), groundwork, underpinning (often used in plural).4. A fundamental principle or underlying concept:base, basis, cornerstone, fundament, fundamental, root, rudiment (often used in plural).5. A justifying fact or consideration:basis, justification, reason, warrant.
Translations
创办地基基础基金会

found2

(faund) verb1. to start or establish. The school was founded by the king. 創辦 创办2. (with on/upon) to base on. The story was founded upon fact. 基於… 基于founˈdation noun1. the act of founding. the foundation of a new university. 創辦 创办2. the base on which something is built. First they laid the foundations, then they built the walls. 基礎,地基 基础,地基 3. an amount of money to be used for a special purpose or the organization that manages it. The British Foundation for Cancer Research. 基金(會) 基金(会) ˈfounder noun a person who founds a school, college, organization etc. We commemorate the founder of the school. 創辦人 创办人ˈfounding nounThe founding of the organization took place a long time ago. 建立,成立 建立,成立 ˈfounding ˈfather noun1. the first or one of the first founders of an organization, a school of thought etc. the founding father of psychoanalysis. 創立人 创立人2. The Founding Fathers of the United States of America were the people who drew up its constitution. 開國者,創始人 开国者,创始人

foundation


rock (something) to its foundations

To impact something in a way that affects its very essence, especially concerning its values or beliefs. The election of the outsider candidate rocked the party to its foundations, and led to a lot of soul-searching among its members.See also: foundation, rock

shake the foundations of (something)

To impact something in a way that affects its very essence, especially concerning its values or beliefs. The death of her son shook the foundations of her beliefs. The election of the outsider candidate shook the foundations of the party, and led to a lot of soul-searching among its members.See also: foundation, of, shake

rock the foundations of (something)

To impact something in a way that affects its very essence, especially concerning its values or beliefs. The death of her son rocked the foundations of her beliefs. The election of the outsider candidate rocked the foundations of the party, and led to a lot of soul-searching among its members.See also: foundation, of, rock

shake (something) to its foundations

To impact something in a way that affects its very essence, especially concerning its values or beliefs. The election of the outsider candidate shook the party to its foundations, and led to a lot of soul-searching among its members.See also: foundation, shake

shake (something) to the foundations

To impact something in a way that affects its very essence, especially concerning its values or beliefs. The election of the outsider candidate shook the party to the foundations, and led to a lot of soul-searching among its members.See also: foundation, shake

shake something to the foundations

or

shake something to its foundations

If someone or something shakes something to the foundations or shakes it to its foundations, they damage it, change it or shock it very much. Her faith, which had been so strong, was shaken to the foundations. When an American president is forced to resign, the country is shaken to its foundations. Note: The verb rock is sometimes used instead of shake. The music industry was rocked to its foundations last night when it was revealed that the Midlands' top live music venue was to close.See also: foundation, shake, something

shake/rock the ˈfoundations of something

,

shake/rock something to its ˈfoundations

cause people to question their basic beliefs about something: This issue has shaken the very foundations of French politics.See also: foundation, of, rock, shake, something

foundation


foundation,

institution through which private wealth is contributed and distributed for public purpose. Foundations have existed since Greek and Roman times, when they honored deities. During the Middle Ages in Europe the church had many foundations, and in the Arab lands the waqf, or pious endowment, developed with the growth of Islam. In modern times European foundations, generally smaller than their U.S. counterparts, have been closely regulated by the state (e.g., the Nobel prizes; see Nobel, Alfred BernhardNobel, Alfred Bernhard
, 1833–96, Swedish chemist and inventor. Educated in St. Petersburg, Russia, he traveled as a youth and returned to St. Petersburg in 1852 to assist his father in the development of torpedoes and mines.
..... Click the link for more information.
).

In the United States there were a few early foundations, notably those endowed by Benjamin Franklin in 1791 to provide funds for loans to "young married artificers of good character" and by James Smithson in 1846 for the establishment of the Smithsonian InstitutionSmithsonian Institution,
research and education center, mainly at Washington, D.C.; founded 1846 under the terms of the will of James Smithson of London, who in 1829 bequeathed his fortune to the United States to create an establishment for the "increase and diffusion of
..... Click the link for more information.
; however, it was not until after the Civil War that foundations developed rapidly. Social disintegration in the South and the establishment of early foundations such as the Peabody Education Fund and the John F. Slater Fund (both designed to provide educational opportunities for African Americans in the South) promoted the movement. The rapid growth of northern industrial enterprise in the postbellum years brought with it an accumulation of huge private fortunes. By the turn of the century, persuasive preachers of the "social gospel" urged the wealthy to meet their charitable obligations to society. Andrew CarnegieCarnegie, Andrew
, 1835–1919, American industrialist and philanthropist, b. Dunfermline, Scotland. His father, a weaver, found it increasingly difficult to get work in Scottish factories and in 1848 brought his family to Allegheny (now Pittsburgh), Pa.
..... Click the link for more information.
 and John D. RockefellerRockefeller, John Davison,
1839–1937, American industrialist and philanthropist, b. Richford, N.Y. He moved (1853) with his family to a farm near Cleveland and at age 16 went to work as a bookkeeper.
..... Click the link for more information.
, Sr., in the period 1896 to 1918, led the way in creating foundations that could distribute their enormous wealth in what was considered to be the most efficient and socially beneficent manner.

Favorable income tax laws in the 1940s further spurred philanthropic activity. During the early 1950s many American foundations were attacked by right-wing journalists and Congressmen; between 1950 and 1953 the House of Representatives conducted two separate investigations into "subversion and Communist penetration" of the nation's philanthropic foundations. Attacks on the foundations began to subside, however, with the passing of the so-called McCarthy era. Although a number of foundations have been restricted by their charters to specific philanthropic functions, the larger U.S. foundations have devoted themselves to broad areas (see separate articles on Lilly Endowment, IncLilly Endowment, Inc.,
institution founded (1937) at Indianapolis, Ind., by pharmaceutical manufacturer Josiah K. Lilly (1861–1948) as a philanthropic foundation for "the promotion and support of religious, educational, or charitable purposes"; most of its work is confined
..... Click the link for more information.
.; Ford FoundationFord Foundation,
philanthropic institution, established (1936) in Michigan by Henry Ford and his son, Edsel, for the general purpose of advancing human welfare. Until 1950 the foundation was involved in local philanthropic activities, mainly aiding the Henry Ford Hospital in
..... Click the link for more information.
; Rockefeller FoundationRockefeller Foundation,
philanthropic institution established (1913) by John D. Rockefeller, Sr., to promote "the well-being of mankind throughout the world." During its first 14 years the foundation received $183 million from Rockefeller.
..... Click the link for more information.
; Sloan FoundationSloan Foundation,
fund established (1934) by automobile executive Alfred P. Sloan, Jr. as a philanthropic institution supporting research in various areas. In its early years it stressed support of U.S. economic education and research.
..... Click the link for more information.
; and Commonwealth FundCommonwealth Fund,
foundation established (1918) by Anna M. Harkness, wife of Stephen V. Harkness, an early Standard Oil investor, "for the welfare of mankind." Its headquarters are in New York City.
..... Click the link for more information.
). The 1980s and 90s saw a doubling in the number of grantmaking foundations, including those developed by financier George SorosSoros, George
, 1930–, American stock trader and philanthropist, b. Budapest, Hungary, as George Schwartz. He studied under Sir Karl Popper at the London School of Economics (grad. 1952).
..... Click the link for more information.
 and Microsoft founder Bill GatesGates, Bill
(William Henry Gates 3d), 1955–, American business executive, b. Seattle, Wash. At the age of 19, Gates founded (1975) the Microsoft Corp., a computer software firm, with Paul Allen. They began by purchasing the rights to convert an existing software package.
..... Click the link for more information.
. Due in part to economic prosperity, foundation giving doubled between 1990 and 1998 to $19.5 billion. In 1997, the largest recipients of grant dollars were education, health, and human services.

See also philanthropyphilanthropy,
the spirit of active goodwill toward others as demonstrated in efforts to promote their welfare. The term is often used interchangeably with charity.
..... Click the link for more information.
.

Bibliography

See M. Cuninggim, Private Money and Public Service (1972); W. A. Nielsen, The Big Foundations (1972) and The Endangered Sector (1979); D. N. Layton, Philanthropy and Voluntarism: A Bibliography (1987); Foundation Center Staff, Guide to U.S. Foundations, Their Trustees, Officers, and Donors (2 vol., 1999).

Foundation

The lowest division of a building that serves to transmit and anchor the loads from the superstructure directly to the earth or rock, usually below ground level.

Foundation

 

the set of primary underwater components of an overflow dam that form an artificial bed for an open stream of water. The foundation usually consists of an upstream apron, an overflow spillway, a downstream apron or stilling basin, and a bucket. The structures take the load of the water head, preventing the river bed near the dam from being washed out by surface currents and protecting the base of the dam from filtration deformation. The design and the size of the foundation structures are determined from hydraulic, filtration, and static calculations.

foundation

[fau̇n′dā·shən] (civil engineering) The ground that supports a building or other structure. The portion of a structure which transmits the building load to the ground.

foundation

1. Any part of a structure that serves to transmit the load to the earth or rock, usually below ground level; the entire masonry substructure. 2. The soil or rock upon which the structure rests. 3. The structure on which the base of a machine rests or to which the feet are fastened.

foundation

1. the charter incorporating or establishing a society or institution and the statutes or rules governing its affairs 2. Cards a card on which a sequence may be built

foundation

The axiom of foundation states that the membership relation iswell founded, i.e. that any non-empty collection Y of sets hasa member y which is disjoint from Y. This rules out setswhich contain themselves (directly or indirectly).

foundation


foun·da·tion

(fown-dā'shŭn), A base; a supporting structure.

foun·da·tion

(fown-dā'shŭn) A base; a supporting structure.

foun·da·tion

(fown-dā'shŭn) A base; a supporting structure.

Patient discussion about foundation

Q. What is the foundation of a good and healthy nutrition? A. Balance - balanced nutrition that contains carbs (40-50%), fat (20-30%) and protein (15%), as well as vitamins, iron and sufficient amounts of water. However these are only general advices, so you may want to consult a professional (e.g. dietitian)
You may read more here:
www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/nutrition.html

More discussions about foundation

Foundation


Related to Foundation: bootstrap, Building foundation

Foundation

A permanent fund established and maintained by contributions for charitable, educational, religious, research, or other benevolent purposes. An institution or association given to rendering financial aid to colleges, schools, hospitals, and charities and generally supported by gifts for such purposes.

The founding or building of a college or hospital. The incorporation or endowment of a college or hospital is the foundation, and those who endow it with land or other property are the founders.

Preliminary questions to a witness to establish admissibility of evidence. Laying a foundation is a prerequisite to the admission of evidence at trial. It is established by testimony that identifies the evidence sought to be admitted and connects it with the issue in question.

See FDN
See FDN

foundation


Related to foundation: bootstrap, Building foundation
  • noun

Synonyms for foundation

noun basis

Synonyms

  • basis
  • heart
  • root
  • mainstay
  • beginning
  • support
  • ground
  • rest
  • key
  • principle
  • fundamental
  • premise
  • starting point
  • principal element

noun substructure

Synonyms

  • substructure
  • underpinning
  • groundwork
  • bedrock
  • base
  • footing
  • bottom

noun setting up

Synonyms

  • setting up
  • institution
  • instituting
  • organization
  • settlement
  • establishment
  • initiating
  • originating
  • starting
  • endowment
  • inauguration

noun justification

Synonyms

  • justification
  • grounds
  • basis
  • warrant
  • reason

Synonyms for foundation

noun the act of founding or establishing

Synonyms

  • constitution
  • creation
  • establishment
  • institution
  • organization
  • origination
  • start-up

noun the lowest or supporting part or structure

Synonyms

  • base
  • basis
  • bed
  • bottom
  • foot
  • footing
  • fundament
  • ground
  • groundwork
  • seat
  • substratum
  • underpinning

noun that on which something immaterial, such as an argument or a charge, rests

Synonyms

  • base
  • basis
  • footing
  • fundament
  • ground
  • groundwork
  • underpinning

noun a fundamental principle or underlying concept

Synonyms

  • base
  • basis
  • cornerstone
  • fundament
  • fundamental
  • root
  • rudiment

noun a justifying fact or consideration

Synonyms

  • basis
  • justification
  • reason
  • warrant

Synonyms for foundation

noun the basis on which something is grounded

Related Words

  • relation
  • basis
  • footing
  • ground
  • grass roots

noun an institution supported by an endowment

Related Words

  • financial institution
  • financial organisation
  • financial organization
  • charity

noun lowest support of a structure

Synonyms

  • understructure
  • base
  • groundwork
  • substructure
  • fundament
  • foot

Related Words

  • bed
  • raft foundation
  • structure
  • construction
  • support

noun education or instruction in the fundamentals of a field of knowledge

Synonyms

  • grounding

Related Words

  • education

noun the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained

Synonyms

  • cornerstone
  • fundament
  • groundwork
  • basis
  • base

Related Words

  • explanation
  • meat and potatoes
  • supposal
  • supposition
  • assumption

noun a woman's undergarment worn to give shape to the contours of the body

Synonyms

  • foundation garment

Related Words

  • corset
  • stays
  • girdle
  • roll-on
  • undergarment
  • unmentionable

noun the act of starting something for the first time

Synonyms

  • founding
  • instauration
  • initiation
  • origination
  • innovation
  • institution
  • creation
  • introduction

Related Words

  • commencement
  • start
  • beginning
  • authorship
  • paternity
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