efavirenz

[ef´ah-vi″renz] a non-nucleoside inhibitor" >reverse transcriptase inhibitor, used as an antiretroviral in treatment of virus" >human immunodeficiency virus infection; administered orally.

efavirenz

Sustiva

Pharmacologic class: Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Therapeutic class: Antiretroviral

Pregnancy risk category D

Action

Inhibits human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase (required for transcription of HIV-1 RNA to DNA), leading to viral cell death

Availability

Capsules: 50 mg, 200 mg

Tablets: 600 mg

Indications and dosages

➣ HIV infection (given with one or more additional antiretrovirals)

Adults and children older than age 3 and weighing more than 40 kg (88 lb): 600 mg P.O. once daily

Children weighing 32.5 to 40 kg (71.5 to 88 lb): 400 mg P.O. once daily

Children weighing 25 to 32.5 kg (55 to 71.5 lb): 350 mg P.O. once daily

Children weighing 20 to 25 kg (44 to 55 lb): 300 mg P.O. once daily

Children weighing 15 to 20 kg (33 to 44 lb): 250 mg P.O. once daily

Children weighing 10 to 15 kg (22 to 33 lb): 200 mg P.O. once daily

Dosage adjustment

• Concurrent use of rifampin or voriconazole

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to drug

• Concurrent use of astemizole, cisapride, midazolam, triazolam, ergot derivatives, voriconazole, or bepridil

Precautions

Use cautiously in:

• hypercholesterolemia, hepatic impairment, concurrent use of hepatotoxic drugs, mental illness, or substance abuse

• concurrent use of St. John's wort (use not recommended)

• pregnant or breastfeeding patients

• children.

Administration

• Give on empty stomach.

• Know that drug is given with other antiretrovirals.

Adverse reactions

CNS: dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, insomnia, abnormal dreams, hypoesthesia, depression, headache, poor concentration, nervousness, anxiety, CNS depression, suicidal ideation

CV: arrhythmias

GI: nausea, diarrhea, flatulence, abdominal pain, dyspepsia

GU: hematuria, renal calculi

Hepatic: hepatotoxicity

Respiratory: respiratory depression

Skin: rash, diaphoresis, pruritus,erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Other: increased appetite

Interactions

Drug-drug. Azole antifungals (ketoconazole, voriconazole): decreased antifungal plasma concentration, increased efavirenz plasma concentration

Calcium channel blockers: possible decreased calcium channel blocker concentration

Clarithromycin, indinavir: reduced blood levels of these drugs

CNS depressants (including antidepressants, antihistamines, opioids): increased CNS depression

CYP450 inducers (including phenobarbital, rifabutin, rifampin): increased clearance and decreased blood level of efavirenz

CYP450 inhibitors, ergot alkaloids, estrogen, midazolam, ritonavir, triazolam: increased blood levels of these drugs, greater risk of serious adverse reactions (including arrhythmias, CNS and respiratory depression, and hepatotoxicity)

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: decreased plasma concentration of atorvastatin, pravastatin, and simvastatin

Hormonal contraceptives: increased ethinyl estradiol blood level

Protease inhibitors: decreased plasma level and efficacy of these drugs

Saquinavir: decreased saquinavir blood level

Warfarin: increased or decreased warfarin effects

Drug-diagnostic tests. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, total cholesterol, triglycerides: increased levels

Urine cannabinoid test: false-positive result

Drug-food. High-fat meal: increased drug absorption

Drug-herbs. St. John's wort: decreased efavirenz blood level and efficacy, drug resistance

Drug-behaviors. Alcohol use: increased CNS depression

Patient monitoring

• Monitor dietary intake and hepatic and lipid profile.

• Closely monitor patients with hepatic failure.

See Record mood changes and stay alert for suicidal ideation or behavior.

• Be aware that drug may cause hypercholesterolemia.

• Know that amount of HIV in blood may increase if patient stops drug therapy even briefly.

Patient teaching

• Instruct patient to take with full glass of water, preferably at bedtime to improve tolerance of CNS effects. Also tell him to avoid taking drug with high-fat meals.

• Inform patient that drug must be taken in combination with other antiretrovirals.

• Tell patient that drug doesn't cure HIV or AIDS and that he can still transmit virus to others.

See Advise patient to report suicidal thoughts and other psychiatric symptoms.

• Caution patient to avoid driving and other hazardous activities until he knows how drug affects concentration and alertness.

See Tell female patient to immediately inform prescriber if she becomes pregnant.

• Advise female patient to use adequate contraceptive measures for 12 weeks after discontinuing drug.

• As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs, tests, foods, herbs, and behaviors mentioned above.

efavirenz

(ə-fä′vîr-ĕnz′)n. An antiviral drug, C₁₄H₉ClF₃NO₂, that is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and is used in combination with other drugs for the treatment of HIV infection.

efavirenz

Sustiva™ AIDS A reverse transcriptase inhibitor used with other antivirals–eg, zidovudine, lamivudine for HIV-1 infection Adverse effects N&V, maculopapular rash, fatigue, headache, dizziness. See Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.

efavirenz

A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used, in combination with other antiretroviral drugs, to treat HIV infections. The drug is on the WHO official list. A brand name is Sustiva.

单词	efavirenz
释义	efavirenz e·fa·vir·enz E0047750 (ə-fä′vîr-ĕnz′)n. An antiviral drug, C₁₄H₉ClF₃NO₂, that is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and is used in combination with other drugs for the treatment of HIV infection. [e(thyne) + f(luoro)- + -virenz, antiretroviral drug suffix (vir(us) + (b)enz(yl)).] Translations efavirenz efavirenz [ef´ah-vi″renz] a non-nucleoside inhibitor" >reverse transcriptase inhibitor, used as an antiretroviral in treatment of virus" >human immunodeficiency virus infection; administered orally. efavirenz Sustiva *Pharmacologic class:* Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor *Therapeutic class:* Antiretroviral *Pregnancy risk category D* Action Inhibits human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase (required for transcription of HIV-1 RNA to DNA), leading to viral cell death Availability Capsules: 50 mg, 200 mg Tablets: 600 mg Indications and dosages ➣ HIV infection (given with one or more additional antiretrovirals) Adults and children older than age 3 and weighing more than 40 kg (88 lb): 600 mg P.O. once daily Children weighing 32.5 to 40 kg (71.5 to 88 lb): 400 mg P.O. once daily Children weighing 25 to 32.5 kg (55 to 71.5 lb): 350 mg P.O. once daily Children weighing 20 to 25 kg (44 to 55 lb): 300 mg P.O. once daily Children weighing 15 to 20 kg (33 to 44 lb): 250 mg P.O. once daily Children weighing 10 to 15 kg (22 to 33 lb): 200 mg P.O. once daily Dosage adjustment • Concurrent use of rifampin or voriconazole Contraindications • Hypersensitivity to drug • Concurrent use of astemizole, cisapride, midazolam, triazolam, ergot derivatives, voriconazole, or bepridil Precautions Use cautiously in: • hypercholesterolemia, hepatic impairment, concurrent use of hepatotoxic drugs, mental illness, or substance abuse • concurrent use of St. John's wort (use not recommended) • pregnant or breastfeeding patients • children. Administration • Give on empty stomach. • Know that drug is given with other antiretrovirals. Adverse reactions CNS: dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, insomnia, abnormal dreams, hypoesthesia, depression, headache, poor concentration, nervousness, anxiety, CNS depression, suicidal ideation CV: arrhythmias GI: nausea, diarrhea, flatulence, abdominal pain, dyspepsia GU: hematuria, renal calculi Hepatic: hepatotoxicity Respiratory: respiratory depression Skin: rash, diaphoresis, pruritus,erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome Other: increased appetite Interactions Drug-drug. Azole antifungals (ketoconazole, voriconazole): decreased antifungal plasma concentration, increased efavirenz plasma concentration Calcium channel blockers: possible decreased calcium channel blocker concentration Clarithromycin, indinavir: reduced blood levels of these drugs CNS depressants (including antidepressants, antihistamines, opioids): increased CNS depression CYP450 inducers (including phenobarbital, rifabutin, rifampin): increased clearance and decreased blood level of efavirenz CYP450 inhibitors, ergot alkaloids, estrogen, midazolam, ritonavir, triazolam: increased blood levels of these drugs, greater risk of serious adverse reactions (including arrhythmias, CNS and respiratory depression, and hepatotoxicity) HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: decreased plasma concentration of atorvastatin, pravastatin, and simvastatin Hormonal contraceptives: increased ethinyl estradiol blood level Protease inhibitors: decreased plasma level and efficacy of these drugs Saquinavir: decreased saquinavir blood level Warfarin: increased or decreased warfarin effects Drug-diagnostic tests. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, total cholesterol, triglycerides: increased levels Urine cannabinoid test: false-positive result Drug-food. High-fat meal: increased drug absorption Drug-herbs. St. John's wort: decreased efavirenz blood level and efficacy, drug resistance Drug-behaviors. Alcohol use: increased CNS depression Patient monitoring • Monitor dietary intake and hepatic and lipid profile. • Closely monitor patients with hepatic failure. See Record mood changes and stay alert for suicidal ideation or behavior. • Be aware that drug may cause hypercholesterolemia. • Know that amount of HIV in blood may increase if patient stops drug therapy even briefly. Patient teaching • Instruct patient to take with full glass of water, preferably at bedtime to improve tolerance of CNS effects. Also tell him to avoid taking drug with high-fat meals. • Inform patient that drug must be taken in combination with other antiretrovirals. • Tell patient that drug doesn't cure HIV or AIDS and that he can still transmit virus to others. See Advise patient to report suicidal thoughts and other psychiatric symptoms. • Caution patient to avoid driving and other hazardous activities until he knows how drug affects concentration and alertness. See Tell female patient to immediately inform prescriber if she becomes pregnant. • Advise female patient to use adequate contraceptive measures for 12 weeks after discontinuing drug. • As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs, tests, foods, herbs, and behaviors mentioned above. efavirenz (ə-fä′vîr-ĕnz′)n. An antiviral drug, C₁₄H₉ClF₃NO₂, that is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and is used in combination with other drugs for the treatment of HIV infection. efavirenz Sustiva™ AIDS A reverse transcriptase inhibitor used with other antivirals–eg, zidovudine, lamivudine for HIV-1 infection Adverse effects N&V, maculopapular rash, fatigue, headache, dizziness. See Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used, in combination with other antiretroviral drugs, to treat HIV infections. The drug is on the WHO official list. A brand name is Sustiva. AcronymsSeeEFV
随便看	capable of doing capable of (doing something) capable of doing something capable of repetition yet evading review capable of repetition, yet evading review capable to match capable to promise capably capac capacd capacg capaci capaciate capacify capacious capaciously capaciousness capacitance capacitance alarm capacitance altimeter capacitance bit line capacitance box capacitance bridge capacitance coupling capacitance diaphragm gauge

efavirenz

e·fa·vir·enz

efavirenz

efavirenz

efavirenz

Action

Availability

Indications and dosages

Dosage adjustment

Contraindications

Precautions

Administration

Adverse reactions

Interactions

Patient monitoring

Patient teaching

efavirenz

efavirenz

efavirenz