| 释义 |
burden
bur·den B0556800 (bûr′dn)n.1. Something that is carried.2. a. Something that is emotionally difficult to bear.b. A source of great worry or stress; weight: The burden of economic sacrifice rests on the workers of the plant.3. A responsibility or duty: The burden of organizing the campaign fell to me.4. A principal or recurring idea; a theme: "The burden of what he said was to defend enthusiastically the conservative aristocracy" (J.A. Froude).5. Music a. A drone, as of a bagpipe or pedal point.b. Archaic The chorus or refrain of a composition.c. Archaic The bass accompaniment to a song.6. Nautical a. The amount of cargo that a vessel can carry.b. The weight of the cargo carried by a vessel at one time.7. The amount of a disease-causing entity present in an organism.tr.v. bur·dened, bur·den·ing, bur·dens 1. To cause difficulty or distress to; distress or oppress.2. To load or overload.
[Middle English, from Old English byrthen; see bher- in Indo-European roots. Noun, senses 4 and 5, influenced by bourdon.]Synonyms: burden, affliction, albatross, cross, millstone, trial, tribulation
These nouns denote something onerous or troublesome: the burden of a guilty conscience; considered the television an affliction that destroyed the spirit of community; a poorly built home that became his albatross; an unhappy marriage that became a cross to bear; a routine duty that turned into a millstone; a troublemaker who is a trial to the teacher; suffered many tribulations in rising from poverty. See Also Synonyms at substance.burden (ˈbɜːdən) n1. something that is carried; load2. something that is exacting, oppressive, or difficult to bear: the burden of responsibility. 3. (Nautical Terms) nautical a. the cargo capacity of a shipb. the weight of a ship's cargovb (tr) 4. (sometimes foll by up) to put or impose a burden on; load5. to weigh down; oppress: the old woman was burdened with cares. [Old English byrthen; related to beran to bear1, Old Frisian berthene burden, Old High German burdin]
burden (ˈbɜːdən) n1. (Music, other) a line of words recurring at the end of each verse of a ballad or similar song; chorus or refrain2. (Rhetoric) the principal or recurrent theme of a speech, book, etc3. (Music, other) another word for bourdon[C16: from Old French bourdon bass horn, droning sound, of imitative origin]bur•den1 (ˈbɜr dn)
n. 1. that which is carried; load. 2. that which is borne with difficulty; onus: the burden of leadership. 3. a. the weight of a ship's cargo. b. the carrying capacity of a ship. 4. overburden (def. 3). v.t. 5. to load heavily. 6. to load oppressively; trouble. [before 1000; Middle English, variant of burthen, Old English byrthen] bur•den2 (ˈbɜr dn)
n. 1. an often repeated main point, message, or idea. 2. a musical refrain; chorus. [1275–1325; Middle English bordoun, burdoun < Old French bourdon droning sound, instrument making such a sound] burden, refrain, chorus - The burden is the main theme or gist of a speech, book, or argument—or the refrain or chorus of a song.See also related terms for refrain.Burden a fixed quantity of a commodity; a heavy load; the chorus of a song. See also charge, load, trust.Examples: burden of armour, 1595; of brass [debts], 1601; of corn, 1523; of despair, 1812; of gold, 1440; of rushes, 1560; of sin, 1303; of sorrows, 1374; of steel [120 lb.]; of thorns, 1449; of verse, 1598; of weeds, 1527.Burden albatross around the neck Burden, weight; any inhibiting encumbrance. In Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (1798), the slayer of the albatross—a bird of good omen to sailors—was punished by having the dead bird hung about his neck. Though within the context of the poem the dead albatross symbolizes guilt and punishment for sin, its contemporary use rarely carries this connotation. Often an albatross around one’s neck is no more than a burdensome annoyance, a “drag” that inhibits one’s freedom or lessens one’s pleasure. ball and chain A wife; one’s girl friend or mistress; any person perceived as a burden or hindrance. This figurative meaning of ball and chain is derived from the iron ball which is secured by a chain to the leg of a prisoner in order to prevent escape. Insofar as having a wife inhibits one’s freedom, this slang expression is apt He deliberately attempted to commit suicide by askin’ me “How’s the ball and chain?” meanin’ my wife. (Collier’s, June 25, 1921) cross to bear A painful burden or affliction; an oppressive encumbrance. The expression derives from the heavy cross which Jesus was forced to carry up Mount Calvary, and upon which he was subsequently crucified. Though the phrase most often applies to serious illness, pain, or handicaps, it is frequently extended to include any bothersome annoyance, any unpleasant person or circumstance that must be endured. a millstone around the neck A heavy burden, an onus, a cross. A millstone is either of a pair of round, weighty stones between which grain and other like materials are ground in a mill. The mill-stone intended for the necks of those vermin … the dealers in corn, was found to fall upon the heads of the consumers. (Jeremy Bentham, Defence of Usury, 1787) The metaphor is said to have been suggested by the Biblical passage (Matthew 18:6) in which Jesus warns those who would corrupt the pure and humble nature of children: But whoso shall offend one of these little ones which believe in me, it were better for him that a millstone were hanged about his neck, and that he were drowned in the depth of the sea. a monkey on one’s back A depressing, often controlling burden; a cross to bear; an addiction or dependence. This phrase may be a variation of the obsolete a turkey on one’s back, but the implication remains the same: an addict carries an extra burden, one demanding a large, if not total, commitment of time, effort, and money to support. Having a monkey on your back … always worked out logically to be the first purpose in a junkie’s life. (E. R. Johnson, God Keepers, 1970) white elephant An unwanted or useless possession that is difficult to dispose of; a possession that costs more to keep and maintain than it is worth. This expression probably alludes to the albino elephants which were once considered sacred in Siam (now Thailand). Since an elephant of any color is inconvenient and expensive to own, it was purportedly a custom for a king to bestow one of these unique white elephants as a gift upon a courtier or other person whom he wished to subject to financial ruin. In the United States, tag sales, garage sales, and rummage sales are often appropriately nicknamed white elephant sales. burden
Past participle: burdened
Gerund: burdening
| Present |
|---|
| I burden | | you burden | | he/she/it burdens | | we burden | | you burden | | they burden |
| Preterite |
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| I burdened | | you burdened | | he/she/it burdened | | we burdened | | you burdened | | they burdened |
| Present Continuous |
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| I am burdening | | you are burdening | | he/she/it is burdening | | we are burdening | | you are burdening | | they are burdening |
| Present Perfect |
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| I have burdened | | you have burdened | | he/she/it has burdened | | we have burdened | | you have burdened | | they have burdened |
| Past Continuous |
|---|
| I was burdening | | you were burdening | | he/she/it was burdening | | we were burdening | | you were burdening | | they were burdening |
| Past Perfect |
|---|
| I had burdened | | you had burdened | | he/she/it had burdened | | we had burdened | | you had burdened | | they had burdened |
| Future |
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| I will burden | | you will burden | | he/she/it will burden | | we will burden | | you will burden | | they will burden |
| Future Perfect |
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| I will have burdened | | you will have burdened | | he/she/it will have burdened | | we will have burdened | | you will have burdened | | they will have burdened |
| Future Continuous |
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| I will be burdening | | you will be burdening | | he/she/it will be burdening | | we will be burdening | | you will be burdening | | they will be burdening |
| Present Perfect Continuous |
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| I have been burdening | | you have been burdening | | he/she/it has been burdening | | we have been burdening | | you have been burdening | | they have been burdening |
| Future Perfect Continuous |
|---|
| I will have been burdening | | you will have been burdening | | he/she/it will have been burdening | | we will have been burdening | | you will have been burdening | | they will have been burdening |
| Past Perfect Continuous |
|---|
| I had been burdening | | you had been burdening | | he/she/it had been burdening | | we had been burdening | | you had been burdening | | they had been burdening |
| Conditional |
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| I would burden | | you would burden | | he/she/it would burden | | we would burden | | you would burden | | they would burden |
| Past Conditional |
|---|
| I would have burdened | | you would have burdened | | he/she/it would have burdened | | we would have burdened | | you would have burdened | | they would have burdened |
Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  burden - an onerous or difficult concern; "the burden of responsibility"; "that's a load off my mind"encumbrance, onus, incumbrance, loadheadache, worry, vexation, concern - something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness; "New York traffic is a constant concern"; "it's a major worry"dead weight - an oppressive encumbrancefardel - a burden (figuratively in the form of a bundle)imposition - an uncalled-for burden; "he listened but resented the imposition"pill - something unpleasant or offensive that must be tolerated or endured; "his competitor's success was a bitter pill to take" | | 2. |  burden - weight to be borne or conveyed load, loadingburthen - a variant of `burden'dead load - a constant load on a structure (e.g. a bridge) due to the weight of the supported structure itselflive load, superload - a variable load on a structure (e.g. a bridge) such as moving trafficmillstone - any load that is difficult to carryoverburden, overload - an excessive burdenoverload - an electrical load that exceeds the available electrical powerweight - an artifact that is heavy | | 3. | burden - the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary workgist, essence, effect, coremeaning, signification, import, significance - the message that is intended or expressed or signified; "what is the meaning of this sentence"; "the significance of a red traffic light"; "the signification of Chinese characters"; "the import of his announcement was ambiguous" | | 4. | burden - the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourseidea, thought - the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about; "it was not a good idea"; "the thought never entered my mind" | | Verb | 1. |  burden - weight down with a load burthen, weight, weight downoverburden - load with excessive weightplumb - weight with leadcharge - fill or load to capacity; "charge the wagon with hay"saddle - load or burden; encumber; "he saddled me with that heavy responsibility"disburden, unburden - take the burden off; remove the burden from; "unburden the donkey" | | 2. | burden - impose a task upon, assign a responsibility to; "He charged her with cleaning up all the files over the weekend"saddle, chargeoverburden - burden with too much work or responsibilitybear down - exert a force or cause a strain upon; "This tax bears down on the lower middle class"flood out, overwhelm, deluge - charge someone with too many taskscommand, require - make someone do somethingadjure - command solemnly |
burdennoun1. trouble, care, worry, trial, weight, responsibility, stress, strain, anxiety, sorrow, grievance, affliction, onus, albatross, millstone, encumbrance Her illness will be an impossible burden on him.2. load, weight, pack, bundle, cargo, freight, bale, consignment, encumbrance, charge She heaved her burden into the back.verb1. weigh down, worry, load, tax, strain, bother, overwhelm, handicap, oppress, inconvenience, overload, saddle with, encumber, trammel, incommode We decided not to burden him with the news.Related words
adjective onerousburden 1noun1. Something carried physically:cargo, freight, haul, load.Sports: impost.2. Something hard to bear physically or emotionally:affliction, cross, trial, tribulation.3. A duty or responsibility that is a source of anxiety, worry, or hardship:millstone, onus, tax, weight.Informal: headache.4. An act or course of action that is demanded of one, as by position, custom, law, or religion:charge, commitment, duty, imperative, must, need, obligation, responsibility.verbTo place a burden or heavy load on:charge, cumber, encumber, freight, lade, load, saddle, tax, weight.
burden 2noun1. The thread or current of thought uniting or occurring in all the elements of a text or discourse:aim, drift, intent, meaning, purport, substance, tendency, tenor, thrust.2. The general sense or significance, as of an action or statement:amount, drift, import, purport, substance, tenor.Idioms: sum and substance, sum total.Translationsburden (ˈbəːdn) noun1. something to be carried. He carried a heavy burden up the hill; The ox is sometimes a beast of burden (= an animal that carries things). 擔子 担子2. something difficult to carry or withstand. the burden of taxation. 重擔 负担 verb to put a responsibility etc on (someone). burdened with cares. 賦予重任 使负重担burden
bear the burden (of something)To endure something distressing, painful, stressful, or emotionally or physically taxing, especially for the sake of others. Our mother bore the burden of this farm for 53 years until the day she died. My partner quit his job to stay home with the baby, so I have to bear the burden of earning enough to pay the mortgage.See also: bear, burdenburden of proofThe requirement and obligation of providing sound, reasonable evidence supporting a charge or allegation. Originating and used primarily in law, it can be applied more broadly to any situation in which a contentious dispute arises. In court, the burden of proof always rests on the plaintiffs and the prosecutors. The burden of proof is on you to show that the computer was broken before you bought it.See also: burden, of, proofbeast of burdenA domesticated animal used by humans to carry or pull heavy loads. Camels have been used by people as beasts of burden for thousands of years because of their size, strength, and ability to travel long distances with minimal need for food and water.See also: beast, burden, ofburden (someone) with (something)To share something distressing or troublesome with another person. I'm sorry to burden you with my problems, but I could really use some advice here. Don't burden her with that information now—wait until she's done with her exams.See also: burdenthe white man's burdenoffensive The belief of white European colonizers that they had a moral obligation to enforce their culture, religion, and ethics on the indigenous populations they enslaved or conquered. It's clear that the minister, a dinosaur in his belief, still holds onto the notion of the white man's burden when the topic of African and Middle Eastern refugees comes up.See also: burden, whiteburden someone or something with someone or somethingto bother or weigh down someone or something with someone or something. Please don't burden us with the bad news at this time. I don't want to burden the school with a troublesome child.See also: burdenburden someone with somethingto give unpleasant information to someone; to give someone some bad news. I hate to burden you with this, but your cat ran away. I wish I had not been burdened with all the facts.See also: burdenburden of proofObligation of proving a disputed charge or allegation. For example, Are you sure you mailed the tax return on time? The burden of proof's on you. A legal term dating from the late 1500s, it has also been used more loosely in recent times. See also: burden, of, proofthe white man's burden the task, believed by white colonizers to be incumbent upon them, of imposing Western civilization on the black inhabitants of European colonies. dated The white man's burden comes from Rudyard Kipling's poem of that title ( 1899 ), originally referring specifically to the United States' role in the Philippines.See also: burden, whiteburden of proof, theThe obligation to support a contention by presenting adequate evidence. The term is a translation of the Latin onus probandi and was used in English courts of law from the late sixteenth century on. Transferred to any situation in which there was an obligation to prove something, it became a cliché in the nineteenth century. Attorney-novelist Scott Turow used it as the title for a popular novel involving a suicide and lawsuit (1990).See also: burden, ofburden
burden1 Nauticala. the cargo capacity of a ship b. the weight of a ship's cargo
burden21. a line of words recurring at the end of each verse of a ballad or similar song; chorus or refrain 2. another word for bourdonburden[′bərd·ən] (electricity) The amount of power drawn from the circuit connecting the secondary terminals of an instrument transformer, usually expressed in volt-amperes. (engineering) The distance from a drill hole to the more or less vertical surface of rock that has already been exposed by blasting or excavating. The volume of the rock to be removed by blasting in a drill hole. (geology) All types of rock or earthy materials overlying bedrock. (metallurgy) The material which is melted in a direct arc furnace. In an iron blast furnace, the ratio of iron and flux to coke and other fuels in the charge. burden1. Earthy material, rock, etc., which overlays bedrock. 2. In blasting, the distance between the blasting charge and the free face of the material to be blasted.burden
burden [ber´den] load.body burden chemicals stored in the body that may be detected by analysis.bod·y bur·den (bod'ē bĕr'den), Activity of a radiopharmaceutical retained by the body at a specified time following administration.burden
burdenn. anything that results in a restrictive load upon something. This is not meant in a tangible sense, but includes a "burden" on interstate commerce (which is any matter which limits, restricts or is onerous such as a license of fee for passage), and "burdens" on land such as zoning restrictions or the right of a neighbor to pass over the property to reach his home (easement). burden see BURDEN OF PROOF, REAL BURDEN.burden
Synonyms for burdennoun troubleSynonyms- trouble
- care
- worry
- trial
- weight
- responsibility
- stress
- strain
- anxiety
- sorrow
- grievance
- affliction
- onus
- albatross
- millstone
- encumbrance
noun loadSynonyms- load
- weight
- pack
- bundle
- cargo
- freight
- bale
- consignment
- encumbrance
- charge
verb weigh downSynonyms- weigh down
- worry
- load
- tax
- strain
- bother
- overwhelm
- handicap
- oppress
- inconvenience
- overload
- saddle with
- encumber
- trammel
- incommode
Synonyms for burdennoun something carried physicallySynonyms- cargo
- freight
- haul
- load
- impost
noun something hard to bear physically or emotionallySynonyms- affliction
- cross
- trial
- tribulation
noun a duty or responsibility that is a source of anxiety, worry, or hardshipSynonyms- millstone
- onus
- tax
- weight
- headache
noun an act or course of action that is demanded of one, as by position, custom, law, or religionSynonyms- charge
- commitment
- duty
- imperative
- must
- need
- obligation
- responsibility
verb to place a burden or heavy load onSynonyms- charge
- cumber
- encumber
- freight
- lade
- load
- saddle
- tax
- weight
noun the thread or current of thought uniting or occurring in all the elements of a text or discourseSynonyms- aim
- drift
- intent
- meaning
- purport
- substance
- tendency
- tenor
- thrust
noun the general sense or significance, as of an action or statementSynonyms- amount
- drift
- import
- purport
- substance
- tenor
Synonyms for burdennoun an onerous or difficult concernSynonyms- encumbrance
- onus
- incumbrance
- load
Related Words- headache
- worry
- vexation
- concern
- dead weight
- fardel
- imposition
- pill
noun weight to be borne or conveyedSynonymsRelated Words- burthen
- dead load
- live load
- superload
- millstone
- overburden
- overload
- weight
noun the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary workSynonymsRelated Words- meaning
- signification
- import
- significance
noun the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourseRelated Wordsverb weight down with a loadSynonymsRelated Words- overburden
- plumb
- charge
- saddle
Antonymsverb impose a task upon, assign a responsibility toSynonymsRelated Words- overburden
- bear down
- flood out
- overwhelm
- deluge
- command
- require
- adjure
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