| 释义 |
centrifuge
cen·tri·fuge C0203300 (sĕn′trə-fyo͞oj′)n.1. An apparatus consisting essentially of a compartment spun about a central axis to separate contained materials of different specific gravities, or to separate colloidal particles suspended in a liquid.2. An apparatus in which humans or animals are enclosed and which is revolved to simulate the effects of acceleration in a spacecraft.tr.v. cen·tri·fuged, cen·tri·fug·ing, cen·tri·fug·es To rotate (something) in a centrifuge or to separate, dehydrate, or test by means of this apparatus.
[French, centrifugal, from New Latin centrifugus; see centrifugal.]
cen·trif′u·ga′tion (sĕn-trĭf′yə-gā′shən, -trĭf′ə-) n.centrifuge (ˈsɛntrɪˌfjuːdʒ) n1. (Mechanical Engineering) any of various rotating machines that separate liquids from solids or dispersions of one liquid in another, by the action of centrifugal force2. (Mechanical Engineering) any of various rotating devices for subjecting human beings or animals to varying accelerations for experimental purposesvb (Mechanical Engineering) (tr) to subject to the action of a centrifuge centrifugation ncen•tri•fuge (ˈsɛn trəˌfyudʒ)
n., v. -fuged, -fug•ing. n. 1. an apparatus that rotates at high speed and separates substances of different densities. v.t. 2. to subject to the action of a centrifuge. [1795–1805; < French, n. use of centrifuge (adj.) < New Latin centrifugus; see centrifugal] cen·tri·fuge (sĕn′trə-fyo͞oj′) A machine that separates substances of different densities by rotating them at very high speed. The denser substances are thrown farther outward than the less dense ones. A centrifuge can be used to separate cream from milk, or bacteria from a fluid.centrifuge
Past participle: centrifuged
Gerund: centrifuging
| Imperative |
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| centrifuge | | centrifuge |
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| I centrifuge | | you centrifuge | | he/she/it centrifuges | | we centrifuge | | you centrifuge | | they centrifuge |
| Preterite |
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| I centrifuged | | you centrifuged | | he/she/it centrifuged | | we centrifuged | | you centrifuged | | they centrifuged |
| Present Continuous |
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| I am centrifuging | | you are centrifuging | | he/she/it is centrifuging | | we are centrifuging | | you are centrifuging | | they are centrifuging |
| Present Perfect |
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| I have centrifuged | | you have centrifuged | | he/she/it has centrifuged | | we have centrifuged | | you have centrifuged | | they have centrifuged |
| Past Continuous |
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| I was centrifuging | | you were centrifuging | | he/she/it was centrifuging | | we were centrifuging | | you were centrifuging | | they were centrifuging |
| Past Perfect |
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| I had centrifuged | | you had centrifuged | | he/she/it had centrifuged | | we had centrifuged | | you had centrifuged | | they had centrifuged |
| Future |
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| I will centrifuge | | you will centrifuge | | he/she/it will centrifuge | | we will centrifuge | | you will centrifuge | | they will centrifuge |
| Future Perfect |
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| I will have centrifuged | | you will have centrifuged | | he/she/it will have centrifuged | | we will have centrifuged | | you will have centrifuged | | they will have centrifuged |
| Future Continuous |
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| I will be centrifuging | | you will be centrifuging | | he/she/it will be centrifuging | | we will be centrifuging | | you will be centrifuging | | they will be centrifuging |
| Present Perfect Continuous |
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| I have been centrifuging | | you have been centrifuging | | he/she/it has been centrifuging | | we have been centrifuging | | you have been centrifuging | | they have been centrifuging |
| Future Perfect Continuous |
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| I will have been centrifuging | | you will have been centrifuging | | he/she/it will have been centrifuging | | we will have been centrifuging | | you will have been centrifuging | | they will have been centrifuging |
| Past Perfect Continuous |
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| I had been centrifuging | | you had been centrifuging | | he/she/it had been centrifuging | | we had been centrifuging | | you had been centrifuging | | they had been centrifuging |
| Conditional |
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| I would centrifuge | | you would centrifuge | | he/she/it would centrifuge | | we would centrifuge | | you would centrifuge | | they would centrifuge |
| Past Conditional |
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| I would have centrifuged | | you would have centrifuged | | he/she/it would have centrifuged | | we would have centrifuged | | you would have centrifuged | | they would have centrifuged |
Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  centrifuge - an apparatus that uses centrifugal force to separate particles from a suspensionseparator, extractorapparatus, setup - equipment designed to serve a specific functionhaematocrit, hematocrit - a measuring instrument to determine (usually by centrifugation) the relative amounts of corpuscles and plasma in the bloodultracentrifuge - a high speed centrifuge used to determine the relative molecular masses of large molecules in high polymers and proteins | | Verb | 1. | centrifuge - rotate at very high speed in order to separate the liquids from the solidscentrifugateultracentrifuge - subject to the action of an ultracentrifugespin - stream in jets, of liquids; "The creek spun its course through the woods" |
TranslationsschleudernZentrifugecentrifugadoracentrifugeusecentrifugercentrifugacentrifugareцентрифугаcentrifuge
centrifuge (sĕn`trəfyo͞oj), device using centrifugal force to separate two or more substances of different density, e.g., two liquids or a liquid and a solid. The centrifuge consists of a fixed base or frame and a rotating part in which the mixture is placed and then spun at high speed. One type is used for the separation of the solid and the liquid parts of blood. Test tubes containing blood specimens are set in the rotating part in holders so arranged that when the rotary motion begins the test tubes swing into a slanted or a horizontal position with the open ends toward the axis of rotation; the heavier, solid part of the blood is thrown outward into the bottom of the tube and the lighter liquid part comes to the top. Another common type of centrifuge called the cream separator is used to separate cream from whole milk. Uranium-235, which is found in nature mixed with uranium-238, must be separated to be used to produce nuclear energy. The separation can be done by a centrifuging process in which the uranium, contained in gas molecules, is rotated at high speed in a chamber so that the more massive molecules containing uranium-238 concentrate near the outer edge of the chamber and the lighter molecules containing uranium-235 concentrate near the axis. Several stages of centrifuging are needed to effect the required degree of separation. The first successful centrifuge was built in 1883 by Carl G. P. de Laval, a Swedish engineer, whose design was used chiefly for cream separators. The ultracentrifuge, devised in the 1920s by the Swedish chemist Theodor Svedberg, found wide application in scientific research. Using an optical system with it to observe sedimentation rates, Svedberg determined accurately the molecular weights of substances including proteins and viruses. Centrifuges are also used for such diverse purposes as simulating gravitational fields in space and for drying laundry.Centrifuge a machine used for centrifugation. The main component of a centrifuge is the rotor, or drum, which spins about its own axis at high speed. The rapid rotation creates a centrifugal force field of up to 20,000 g in industrial centrifuges or up to 350,000 g in laboratory centrifuges; here, g is the acceleration due to gravity.  Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the rotor of a clarifying centrifuge: (1) suspension feed, (2) liquid discharge, (3) sediment
For centrifugal clarification, two types of centrifuges are used: batch and continuous. In batch clarifying centrifuges (Figure 1), an inhomogeneous mixture—such as a suspension—is fed into the central part of a hollow rotor while the rotor is spinning. Solid particles settle to the inner surface of the rotor, and the clarified liquid is discharged from the upper part of the rotor. After the rotor stops spinning (in some cases, while it is spinning), the sediment is removed through special nozzles or through outlets that are opened periodically. In conveyor-type continuous centrifuges (Figure 2), the suspension is fed along the axis of a hollow rotor. The liquid is discharged from the wide part of the rotor, and the sediment is transported by a screw conveyor to the narrow end of the rotor, where it is unloaded through discharge outlets.  Figure 2. Schematic diagram of a continuous clarifying centrifuge: (1) rotor, (2) screw conveyor, (3) suspension feed, (4) liquid discharge, (5) sediment unloading
Centrifugal filtration is most often carried out in centrifuges that operate in cycles (Figure 3). Such centrifuges have a continuously rotating perforated drum, which is covered on the inside by a filter cloth; the suspension is fed into the drum in batches. After part of the drum is filled with filter cake, the feed portion of the  Figure 3. Cross section of a horizontally mounted automatic centrifugal filter: (1) drum, (2) horizontal shaft, (3) suspension feed pipe, (4) valve for periodic feeding, (5) hydraulic cylinder for automatically raising and lowering the blade, (6) blade for cutting the filter cake, (7) chute for cake removal, (8) vibrator
cycle ends, the liquid phase is centrifuged, and the cake is cut with a blade and removed. Then, the feeding of the suspension resumes, and the cycle is repeated. Centrifuges with, for example, screw-conveyor, pulsating, or vibrational unloading systems are used to separate concentrated suspensions with a relatively coarse solid phase. The extent to which suspensions and emulsions are separated and the output of a centrifuge depend on the effective area of the rotor and on the separation factor Fr = ω2r/g, where ω is the angular velocity of the rotor, r is the radius of the rotor, and g is the acceleration of gravity. The extent of the separation and the centrifuge output may be raised by increasing ω within the limits imposed by the strength of the rotor and by the characteristics of the inhomogeneous systems to be separated. The effective area of the rotor is often increased either by increasing the length of the rotor or by incorporating additional surfaces. Centrifuges are used in, for example, the chemical, food-processing, microbiological, and mining industries. REFERENCESShkoropad, D. E. Tsentrifugi dlia khimicheskikh proizvodstv. Moscow, 1975.
Sokolov, V. I. Tsentrifugirovanie. Moscow, 1976.V. I. SOKOLOV centrifuge[′sen·trə‚fyüj] (mechanical engineering) A rotating device for separating liquids of different specific gravities or for separating suspended colloidal particles, such as clay particles in an aqueous suspension, according to particle-size fractions by centrifugal force. A large motor-driven apparatus with a long arm, at the end of which human and animal subjects or equipment can be revolved and rotated at various speeds to simulate the prolonged accelerations encountered in rockets and spacecraft. centrifuge i. A mechanism where humans and animals are exposed to very high centrifugal forces and the effect on their bodies is observed.
ii. A method of separating a liquid mixture or suspension into its various components, each of which has different specific gravity.centrifuge1. any of various rotating machines that separate liquids from solids or dispersions of one liquid in another, by the action of centrifugal force 2. any of various rotating devices for subjecting human beings or animals to varying accelerations for experimental purposes centrifuge
centrifuge [cen´trĭ-fūj] 1. to rotate, in a suitable container, at extremely high speed, to cause the deposition of solids in solution.2. a laboratory device for subjecting substances in solution to relative centrifugal force up to 25,000 times gravity.cen·tri·fuge (sen'tri-fyūj), 1. An apparatus by means of which particles in suspension in a fluid are separated by spinning the fluid, the centrifugal force throwing the particles to the periphery of the rotated vessel. 2. To submit to rapid rotary action, as in a centrifuge. Synonym(s): centrifugalizecentrifuge (sĕn′trə-fyo͞oj′)n.1. An apparatus consisting essentially of a compartment spun about a central axis to separate contained materials of different specific gravities, or to separate colloidal particles suspended in a liquid.2. An apparatus in which humans or animals are enclosed and which is revolved to simulate the effects of acceleration in a spacecraft.tr.v. centri·fuged, centri·fuging, centri·fuges To rotate (something) in a centrifuge or to separate, dehydrate, or test by means of this apparatus.
cen·trif′u·ga′tion (sĕn-trĭf′yə-gā′shən, -trĭf′ə-) n.cen·tri·fuge (sen'tri-fyūzh) 1. An apparatus by means of which particles in suspension in a fluid are separated by spinning the fluid, the centrifugal force throwing the particles to the periphery of the rotated vessel. 2. To submit to rapid rotary action, as in a centrifuge. centrifuge A laboratory machine that subjects matter suspended in solution to powerful outward-tending forces by high-speed rotation. This allows particles of different mass to be separated into bands.centrifuge a rotating machine that separates liquids from solids, or dispersions of one liquid in another liquid, by the action of centrifugal force.centrifuge
Related to centrifuge: Laboratory centrifugeSynonyms for centrifugenoun an apparatus that uses centrifugal force to separate particles from a suspensionSynonymsRelated Words- apparatus
- setup
- haematocrit
- hematocrit
- ultracentrifuge
verb rotate at very high speed in order to separate the liquids from the solidsSynonymsRelated Words |