battery

Bat·ter·y

also Bat·ter·y Park B0117200 (băt′ə-rē) A park at the southern tip of Manhattan Island at the upper end of New York Bay in southeast New York. It is the site of early Dutch and English fortifications and of Castle Clinton, built in 1808 for the defense of the harbor.

bat·ter·y

B0117200 (băt′ə-rē)n. pl. bat·ter·ies 1. Electricity A device containing an electric cell or a series of electric cells storing chemical energy that can be converted into electrical energy, usually in the form of direct current.2. a. The act of beating or pounding.b. Law The unlawful and unwanted touching or striking of one person by another, with the intention of bringing about a harmful or offensive contact.3. a. An emplacement for one or more pieces of artillery.b. A set of guns or other heavy artillery, as on a warship.c. An army artillery unit, corresponding to a company in the infantry.4. a. An array of similar things intended for use together: took a battery of achievement tests.b. An impressive body or group: a battery of political supporters.5. Baseball A pitcher and catcher considered as a unit.6. Music The percussion section of an orchestra.

[Middle English batri, forged metal ware, from Old French baterie, a beating, from batre, to batter; see batter¹.]

battery

(ˈbætərɪ) n, pl -teries1. (Electronics) a. two or more primary cells connected together, usually in series, to provide a source of electric currentb. short for dry battery2. (General Physics) another name for accumulator¹3. a number of similar things occurring together: a battery of questions. 4. (Law) criminal law unlawful beating or wounding of a person or mere touching in a hostile or offensive manner. See also assault and battery5. (Fortifications) a fortified structure on which artillery is mounted6. (Firearms, Gunnery, Ordnance & Artillery) a group of guns, missile launchers, searchlights, or torpedo tubes of similar type or size operated as a single entity7. (Firearms, Gunnery, Ordnance & Artillery) a small tactical unit of artillery usually consisting of two or more troops, each of two, three, or four guns8. (Breeds) chiefly a. a large group of cages for intensive rearing of poultryb. (as modifier): battery hens. 9. (Psychology) psychol a series of tests10. (Chess & Draughts) chess two pieces of the same colour placed so that moving one can unmask an attack by the other11. (Classical Music) the percussion section in an orchestra12. (Baseball) baseball the pitcher and the catcher considered together[C16: from Old French batterie beating, from battre to beat, from Latin battuere]

bat•ter•y

(ˈbæt ə ri)

n., pl. -ter•ies. 1. a. a combination of two or more cells connected to produce electric energy. b. cell (def. 5). 2. a. two or more pieces of artillery used for combined action. b. a tactical unit of artillery, usu. comprising six guns and the personnel and equipment to operate them. 3. a. (on a warship) a group of guns having the same caliber or used for the same purpose. b. the whole armament of a warship. 4. any group or series of similar or related things, esp. things used for a common purpose: a battery of tests. 5. Law. an unlawful attack upon another person, esp. by beating or wounding. 6. a baseball pitcher and catcher considered as a unit. 7. the act of beating or battering. 8. an instrument used in battering. [1525–35; < Middle French batterie, derivative of battre to beat]

batteryElectrons flow from the zinc casing through the light bulb to the carbon rod, making the bulb glow. The zinc casing acts as a negative electrode, and the carbon rod acts as a positive electrode.

bat·ter·y

(băt′ə-rē) A device containing an electric cell or a series of electric cells that supplies a direct current by converting chemical, thermal, nuclear, or solar energy into electric energy. Common household batteries, such as those used in a flashlight, are usually made of dry cells (the chemicals producing the current are made into a paste). In other batteries, such as car batteries, these chemicals are in liquid form.Did You Know? Where do batteries get the power to make things work? From chemical reactions that go on inside them. The substances inside a battery are arranged in such a way that when they react with each other they pull electrons away from the battery's positive terminal and push them toward the negative terminal. If the battery is not connected to anything, the reaction doesn't go on very long; the electrons gathered at the negative terminal repel any additional ones that further reactions would carry there. But if you connect the two terminals with a wire, electrons will flow along the wire from negative to positive. On the way, they give up some of their energy to power whatever device you've connected—a light bulb or CD player, for instance. Eventually, the chemical reactions inside the battery change the nature of the positive and negative terminals and of the chemicals between them, making them unable to generate power. In rechargeable batteries, you can restore the power-generating capacity of the terminals and the chemicals by running electrical current through the battery backwards.

battery

1. Tactical and administrative artillery unit or subunit corresponding to a company or similar unit in other branches of the Army.
2. All guns, torpedo tubes, searchlights, or missile launchers of the same size or caliber or used for the same purpose, either installed in one ship or otherwise operating as an entity.

battery

an intentional act that, directly or indirectly, causes harmful contact with another’s person.See also: Law

Battery

a number of similar machines or devices arranged in a group; a succession of blows or drum beats; a number of hens housed together to encourage the laying of eggs. See also bank, bench.Examples: battery of boilers; condensers; of drum beats; of dynamos; of electric lights; of guns [gun emplacement]; of hens, 1879; of kitchen untensils, 1819; of prisms or lens; of Leyden jars; of lights; of looks, 1823; of three mortars, 1688; searchlight battery.

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	battery - group of guns or missile launchers operated together at one placearmed forces, armed services, military, military machine, war machine - the military forces of a nation; "their military is the largest in the region"; "the military machine is the same one we faced in 1991 but now it is weaker"artillery unit, artillery - an army unit that uses big guns
	2.	battery - a device that produces electricity; may have several primary or secondary cells arranged in parallel or serieselectric batteryA battery - the battery used to heat the filaments of a vacuum tubeB battery - battery for supplying a constant positive voltage to the plate of a vacuum tubeC battery - battery used to maintain the grid potential in a vacuum tubeelectrical device - a device that produces or is powered by electricityelectrode - a conductor used to make electrical contact with some part of a circuitterminal, pole - a contact on an electrical device (such as a battery) at which electric current enters or leavesgalvanic battery, voltaic battery - battery consisting of a number of voltaic cells arranged in series or parallelgalvanic pile, voltaic pile, pile - battery consisting of voltaic cells arranged in series; the earliest electric battery devised by Volta
	3.	battery - a collection of related things intended for use together; "took a battery of achievement tests"sub-test - one of a battery of related testsartillery, heavy weapon, ordnance, gun - large but transportable armamentaggregation, collection, accumulation, assemblage - several things grouped together or considered as a whole
	4.	battery - a unit composed of the pitcher and catcherbaseball team - a team that plays baseballteam, squad - a cooperative unit (especially in sports)
	5.	battery - a series of stamps operated in one mortar for crushing oresstamp batterypestle, stamp - machine consisting of a heavy bar that moves vertically for pounding or crushing oresstamp mill, stamping mill - a mill in which ore is crushed with stamps
	6.	battery - the heavy fire of artillery to saturate an area rather than hit a specific target; "they laid down a barrage in front of the advancing troops"; "the shelling went on for hours without pausing"barrage fire, shelling, barrage, bombardmentfiring, fire - the act of firing weapons or artillery at an enemy; "hold your fire until you can see the whites of their eyes"; "they retreated in the face of withering enemy fire"
	7.	battery - an assault in which the assailant makes physical contactassault and batteryassault - a threatened or attempted physical attack by someone who appears to be able to cause bodily harm if not stoppedresisting arrest - physical efforts to oppose a lawful arrest; the resistance is classified as assault and battery upon the person of the police officer attempting to make the arrest

battery

noun1. power unit The shavers come complete with batteries.2. artillery, ordnance, gunnery, gun emplacement, cannonry They stopped beside a battery of abandoned guns.3. range, lot, collection, variety, selection, array, assortment, gamut Crack is part of a battery of drugs used by addicts.4. series, set, course, chain, string, sequence, suite, succession We give a battery of tests to each patient.5. (Criminal law) beating, attack, assault, aggression, thumping, onslaught, physical violence He has served three years for assault and battery.

Translations

电池一套一系列一连串层架式鸡笼

battery

(ˈbӕtəri) – plural ˈbatteries – noun1. a series of two or more electric cells arranged to produce, or store, a current. a torch battery.电池2. an arrangement of cages in which laying hens etc are kept. 层架式鸡笼3. a group of large guns (and the people manning them). 炮组4. a long series. a battery of questions. 一连串，一系列，一套

battery

→ 电池zhCN

The battery is dead (US)
The battery is flat (UK) → 电瓶没电了
I need a new battery → 我需要一个新电瓶

battery

Battery

At common law, an intentional unpermitted act causing harmful or offensive contact with the "person" of another.

Battery is concerned with the right to have one's body left alone by others.

Battery is both a tort and a crime. Its essential element, harmful or offensive contact, is the same in both areas of the law. The main distinction between the two categories lies in the penalty imposed. A defendant sued for a tort is civilly liable to the plaintiff for damages. The punishment for criminal battery is a fine, imprisonment, or both. Usually battery is prosecuted as a crime only in cases involving serious harm to the victim.

Elements

The following elements must be proven to establish a case for battery: (1) an act by a defendant; (2) an intent to cause harmful or offensive contact on the part of the defendant; and (3) harmful or offensive contact to the plaintiff.

The Act The act must result in one of two forms of contact. Causing any physical harm or injury to the victim—such as a cut, a burn, or a bullet wound—could constitute battery, but actual injury is not required. Even though there is no apparent bruise following harmful contact, the defendant can still be guilty of battery; occurrence of a physical illness subsequent to the contact may also be actionable. The second type of contact that may constitute battery causes no actual physical harm but is, instead, offensive or insulting to the victim. Examples include spitting in someone's face or offensively touching someone against his or her will.

Touching the person of someone is defined as including not only contacts with the body, but also with anything closely connected with the body, such as clothing or an item carried in the person's hand. For example, a battery may be committed by intentionally knocking a hat off someone's head or knocking a glass out of some-one's hand.

Intent Although the contact must be intended, there is no requirement that the defendant intend to harm or injure the victim. In Tort Law, the intent must be either specific intent—the contact was specifically intended—or general intent—the defendant was substantially certain that the act would cause the contact. The intent element is satisfied in Criminal Law when the act is done with an intent to injure or with criminal negligence—failure to use care to avoid criminal consequences. The intent for criminal law is also present when the defendant's conduct is unlawful even though it does not amount to criminal negligence.

Intent is not negated if the aim of the contact was a joke. As with all torts, however, consent is a defense. Under certain circumstances consent to a battery is assumed. A person who walks in a crowded area impliedly consents to a degree of contact that is inevitable and reasonable. Consent may also be assumed if the parties had a prior relationship unless the victim gave the defendant a previous warning.

There is no requirement that the plaintiff be aware of a battery at the time it is committed. The gist of the action is the lack of consent to contact. It is no defense that the victim was sleeping or unconscious at the time.

Harmful or Offensive Conduct It is not necessary for the defendant's wrongful act to result in direct contact with the victim. It is sufficient if the act sets in motion a force that results in the contact. A defendant who whipped a horse on which a plaintiff was riding, causing the plaintiff to fall and be injured, was found guilty of battery. Provided all other elements of the offense are present, the offense may also be committed by causing the victim to harm himself. A defendant who fails to act when he or she has a duty to do so is guilty—as where a nurse fails to warn a blind patient that he is headed toward an open window, causing him to fall and injure himself.

Aggravated Battery

When a battery is committed with intent to do serious harm or murder, or when it is done with a dangerous weapon, it is described as aggravated. A weapon is considered dangerous whenever the purpose for using it is to cause death or serious harm. State statutes define aggravated battery in various ways—such as assault with intent to kill. Under such statutes, assault means both battery and assault. It is punishable as a felony in all states.

Punishment

In a civil action for tortious battery, the penalty is damages. A jury determines the amount to be awarded, which in most cases is based on the harm done to the plaintiff. Even though a plaintiff suffers no actual injury, nominal damages (a small sum) may still be awarded on the theory that there has been an invasion of a right. Also, a court may award Punitive Damages aimed at punishing the defendant for the wrongful act.

Criminal battery is punishable by a fine, imprisonment, or both. If it is considered aggravated the penalties are greater.

battery

n. the actual intentional striking of someone, with intent to harm, or in a "rude and insolent manner" even if the injury is slight. Negligent or careless unintentional contact is not battery no matter how great the harm. Battery is a crime and also the basis for a lawsuit as a civil wrong if there is damage. It is often coupled with "assault" (which does not require actual touching) in "assault and battery." (See: assault)

battery

see ASSAULT.

BATTERY. It is proposed to consider, 1. What is a battery; 2. When a battery, may be justified.
2. - 1. A battery is the unlawful touching the person of another by the aggressor himself, or any other substance put in motion by him. 1 Saund. 29, b. n. 1; Id. 13 & 14, n. 3. It must be either willfully committed, or proceed from want of due care. Str. 596; Hob. 134; Plowd. 19 3 Wend. 391. Hence an injury, be it never so small, done to the person of another, in an angry, spiteful, rude or insolent manner, as by spitting in his face, or any way touching him in anger, or violently jostling him, are batteries in the eye of the law. 1 Hawk. P. C. 263. See 1 Selw. N. P. 33, 4. And any thing attached to the person partakes of its inviolability if, therefore, A strikes a cane in the hands of B, it is a battery. 1 Dall. 1 14 1 Ch. Pr. 37; 1 Penn. R. 380; 1 Hill's R. 46; 4 Wash. C. C. R. 534 . 1 Baldw. R. 600.
3. - 2. A battery may be justified, 1. on the ground of the parental relation 2. in the exercise of an office; 3. under process of a court of justice or other legal tribunal 4. in aid of an authority in law; and lastly, as a necessary means of defence.
4. First. As a salutary mode of correction. For example: a parent may correct his child, a master his apprentice, a schoolmaster his scholar; 24 Edw. IV.; Easter, 17, p. 6 and a superior officer, one under his command. Keilw. pl. 120, p. 136 Bull. N. P. 19 Bee, 161; 1 Bay, 3; 14 John. R. 119 15 Mass. 365; and vide Cowp. 173; 15 Mass. 347.
5. - 2. As a means to preserve the peace; and therefore if the plaintiff assaults or is fighting with another, the defendant may lay hands upon him, and restrain him until his anger is cooled; but he cannot strike him in order to protect 'the party assailed, as he way in self-defence. 2 Roll. Abr. 359, E, pl. 3.
6. - 3. Watchmen may arrest, and detain in prison for examination, persons walking in the streets by might, whom there is reasonable ground to suspect of felony, although there is no proof of a felony having been committed. 3 Taunt. 14.
7. - 4. Any person has a right to arrest another to prevent a felony.
8. - 5. Any one may arrest another upon suspicion of felony, provided a felony has actually been committed and there is reasonable ground for suspecting the person arrested to be the criminal, and that the party making the arrest, himself entertained the suspicion.
9. - 6. Any private individual may arrest a felon. Hale's P. C. 89.
10. - 7. It is lawful for every man to lay hands on another to preserve public decorum; as to turn him out of church, and to prevent him from disturbing the congregation or a funeral ceremony. 1 Mod. 168; and see 1 Lev. 196; 2 Keb. 124. But a request to desist should be first made, unless the urgent necessity of the case dispenses with it.
11. Secondly. A battery may be justified in the exercise of an office. 1. A constable may freshly arrest one who, in, his view, has committed a breach of the peace, and carry him before a magistrate. But if an offence has been committed out of the constable's sight, he cannot arrest, unless it amounts to a felony; 1 Brownl. 198 or a felony is likely to ensue. Cro. Eliz. 375.
12. - 2. A justice of the peace may generally do all acts which a constable has authority to perform hence he may freshly arrest one who, in his view has broken the peace; or he may order a constable at the moment to take him up. Kielw. 41.
13. Thirdly. A battery may be justified under the process of a court of justice, or of a magistrate having competent jurisdiction. See 16 Mass. 450; 13 Mass. 342.
14. Fourthly. A battery may be justified in aid of an authority in law. Every person is empowered to restrain breaches of the peace, by virtue of the authority vested in him by the law.
15. Lastly. A battery may be justified as a necessary means of defence. 1. Against the plaintiffs assaults in the following instances: In defence of himself, his wife, 3 Salk. 46, his child, and his servant. Ow. 150; sed vide 1 Salk. 407. So, likewise, the wife may justify a battery in defending her husband; Ld. Raym. 62; the child its parent; 3 Salk. 46; and the servant his master. In these situations, the party need not wait until a blow has been given, for then he might come too late, and be disabled from warding off a second stroke, or from protecting the person assailed. Care, however, must be taken, that the battery do not exceed the bounds of necessary defence and protection; for it is only permitted as a means to avert an impending evil, which might otherwise overwhelm the party, and not as a punishment or retaliation for the injurious attempt. Str. 953. The degree of force necessary to repel an assault will naturally depend upon, and be proportioned to, the violence of the assailant; but with this limitation any degree is justifiable. Ld. Raym. 177; 2 Salk. 642.
16. - 2. A battery may likewise be justified in the necessary defence of one's property; if the plaintiff is in the act of entering peaceably upon the defendant's land, or having entered, is discovered, not committing violence, a request to depart is necessary in the first instance; 2 Salk. 641; and if the plaintiff refuses, the defendant may then, and not till then, gently lay hands upon the plaintiff to remove him from the close and for this purpose may use, if necessary, any degree of force short of striking the plaintiff, as by thrusting him off. Skinn. 228. If the plaintiff resists, the defendant may oppose force to force. 8 T. R. 78. But if the plaintiff is in the act of forcibly entering upon the land, or having entered, is discovered subverting the soil, cutting down a tree or the like, 2 Salk. 641, a previous request is unnecessary, and the defendant may immediately lay hands upon the plaintiff. 8 T. R. 78. A man may justify a battery in defence of his personal property, without a previous request, if another forcibly attempt to take away such property. 2 Salk. 641. Vide Rudeness; Wantonness.

battery

Bat·ter·y

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Battery

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assault and battery

recharge (one's) batteries

assault and battery

recharge your batteries

recharge your batteries

recharge your ˈbatteries

battery

battery,

Battery

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bat·ter·y

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bat·ter·y

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Battery

Elements

Aggravated Battery

Punishment

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Battery

Battery

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Synonyms for battery

noun power unit

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noun artillery

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noun range

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noun series

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noun beating

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Synonyms for battery

noun group of guns or missile launchers operated together at one place

Related Words

noun a device that produces electricity

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Related Words

noun a collection of related things intended for use together

Related Words

noun a unit composed of the pitcher and catcher

Related Words

noun a series of stamps operated in one mortar for crushing ores

Synonyms

Related Words

noun the heavy fire of artillery to saturate an area rather than hit a specific target

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noun an assault in which the assailant makes physical contact

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Related Words