| 释义 |
budget
budg·et B0530900 (bŭj′ĭt)n.1. a. An itemized summary of estimated or intended expenditures for a given period along with proposals for financing them: submitted the annual budget to Congress.b. A systematic plan for the expenditure of a usually fixed resource, such as money or time, during a given period: A new car will not be part of our budget this year.c. The total sum of money allocated for a particular purpose or period of time: a project with an annual budget of five million dollars.2. A stock or collection with definite limits: "his budget of general knowledge" (William Hazlitt).3. Appalachian Mountains A wallet or small pouch.v. budg·et·ed, budg·et·ing, budg·ets v.tr.1. To plan in advance the expenditure of: needed help budgeting our income; budgeted my time wisely.2. To enter or account for in a budget: forgot to budget the car payments.v.intr. To make or use a budget.adj.1. Of or relating to a budget: budget items approved by Congress.2. Appropriate for a restricted budget; inexpensive: a budget car; budget meals.
[Middle English bouget, wallet, from Old French bougette, diminutive of bouge, leather bag, from Latin bulga, of Celtic origin; see bhelgh- in Indo-European roots.]
budg′et·ar′y (bŭj′ĭ-tĕr′ē) adj.budg′et·er, budg′et·eer′ (-ĭ-tîr′) n.budget (ˈbʌdʒɪt) n1. (Accounting & Book-keeping) an itemized summary of expected income and expenditure of a country, company, etc, over a specified period, usually a financial year2. (Accounting & Book-keeping) an estimate of income and a plan for domestic expenditure of an individual or a family, often over a short period, such as a month or a week3. a restriction on expenditure (esp in the phrase on a budget)4. (modifier) economical; inexpensive: budget meals for a family. 5. (Accounting & Book-keeping) the total amount of money allocated for a specific purpose during a specified period6. archaic a stock, quantity, or supplyvb, -gets, -geting or -geted7. (Accounting & Book-keeping) (tr) to enter or provide for in a budget8. (Accounting & Book-keeping) to plan the expenditure of (money, time, etc)9. (Accounting & Book-keeping) (intr) to make a budget[C15 (meaning: leather pouch, wallet): from Old French bougette, diminutive of bouge, from Latin bulga, of Gaulish origin; compare Old English bælg bag] ˈbudgetary adj
Budget (ˈbʌdʒɪt) n (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) the Budget an estimate of British government expenditures and revenues and the financial plans for the ensuing fiscal year presented annually to the House of Commons by the Chancellor of the Exchequerbudg•et (ˈbʌdʒ ɪt)
n. 1. an estimate, often itemized, of expected income and expenses for a given period in the future. 2. a plan of operations based on such an estimate. 3. an itemized allotment of funds, time, etc., for a given period. 4. a sum of money set aside or allowed for a particular purpose: the construction budget. 5. a limited stock or supply of something. 6. Dial. a small bag; pouch. adj. 7. reasonably or cheaply priced: budget dresses. v.t. 8. to plan an allotment of (funds, time, etc.). 9. to deal with (specific funds) in a budget. v.i. 10. to subsist on or live within a budget. [1400–50; late Middle English bowgett < Middle French bougette=bouge bag (< Latin bulga; see bulge) + -ette -ette] budg′et•ar`y (-ˌtɛr i) adj. budg′et•er, n. Budget a bag or sack with its contents; a stock or accumulation; an estimate of expenses; a leather or skin bottle.Examples: budget of freshwater [‘leather bottleful’], 1580; of general knowledge, 1822; of inventions, 1692; of nails [‘a bag’], 1677; of news; of olives, 1653; of paper, 1729; of paradoxes, 1867; of tools [‘a bag’], 1879.budget
Past participle: budgeted
Gerund: budgeting
| Present |
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| I budget | | you budget | | he/she/it budgets | | we budget | | you budget | | they budget |
| Preterite |
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| I budgeted | | you budgeted | | he/she/it budgeted | | we budgeted | | you budgeted | | they budgeted |
| Present Continuous |
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| I am budgeting | | you are budgeting | | he/she/it is budgeting | | we are budgeting | | you are budgeting | | they are budgeting |
| Present Perfect |
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| I have budgeted | | you have budgeted | | he/she/it has budgeted | | we have budgeted | | you have budgeted | | they have budgeted |
| Past Continuous |
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| I was budgeting | | you were budgeting | | he/she/it was budgeting | | we were budgeting | | you were budgeting | | they were budgeting |
| Past Perfect |
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| I had budgeted | | you had budgeted | | he/she/it had budgeted | | we had budgeted | | you had budgeted | | they had budgeted |
| Future |
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| I will budget | | you will budget | | he/she/it will budget | | we will budget | | you will budget | | they will budget |
| Future Perfect |
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| I will have budgeted | | you will have budgeted | | he/she/it will have budgeted | | we will have budgeted | | you will have budgeted | | they will have budgeted |
| Future Continuous |
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| I will be budgeting | | you will be budgeting | | he/she/it will be budgeting | | we will be budgeting | | you will be budgeting | | they will be budgeting |
| Present Perfect Continuous |
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| I have been budgeting | | you have been budgeting | | he/she/it has been budgeting | | we have been budgeting | | you have been budgeting | | they have been budgeting |
| Future Perfect Continuous |
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| I will have been budgeting | | you will have been budgeting | | he/she/it will have been budgeting | | we will have been budgeting | | you will have been budgeting | | they will have been budgeting |
| Past Perfect Continuous |
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| I had been budgeting | | you had been budgeting | | he/she/it had been budgeting | | we had been budgeting | | you had been budgeting | | they had been budgeting |
| Conditional |
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| I would budget | | you would budget | | he/she/it would budget | | we would budget | | you would budget | | they would budget |
| Past Conditional |
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| I would have budgeted | | you would have budgeted | | he/she/it would have budgeted | | we would have budgeted | | you would have budgeted | | they would have budgeted |
budgetAn estimate of government spending and government revenue for the coming year. If government spending is higher than government revenue, there is a budget deficit. If government spending is lower than government revenue, there is a budget surplus.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  budget - a sum of money allocated for a particular purpose; "the laboratory runs on a budget of a million a year"fund, monetary fund - a reserve of money set aside for some purposeCivil List - a sum of money voted by British Parliament each year for the expenses of the British royal familyoperating budget - a budget for current expenses as distinct from financial transactions or permanent improvements | | 2. | budget - a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them; "the president submitted the annual budget to Congress"plan, program, programme - a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished; "they drew up a six-step plan"; "they discussed plans for a new bond issue"balanced budget - a budget is balanced when current expenditures are equal to receipts | | Verb | 1. | budget - make a budgetcompute, calculate, cipher, cypher, figure, reckon, work out - make a mathematical calculation or computation |
budgetnoun1. allowance, means, funds, income, finances, resources, allocation A designer would be beyond their budget.verb1. plan, estimate, allocate, cost, ration, apportion, cost out I'm learning how to budget my finances.adjective1. inexpensive, economy, bargain, sale, reduced, keen, reasonable, low-priced, low-cost, cut-price, economical, cheapo (informal) Cheap flights are available from budget travel agents. a budget priceQuotations
"Annual income twenty pounds, annual expenditure nineteen pounds nineteen six, result happiness. Annual income twenty pounds, annual expenditure twenty pound ought and six, result misery" [Charles Dickens David Copperfield]budgetnounA measurable whole:amount, body, bulk, corpus, quantity, quantum.Translationsbudget (ˈbadʒit) noun any plan showing how money is to be spent. my budget for the month. 預算 预算 verb – past tense, past participle ˈbudgeted – 1. to make a plan showing this. We must try to budget or we shall be in debt. 編預算 编预算2. (with for) to allow for (something) in a budget. I hadn't budgeted for a new car. 把...編入預算 把...编入预算budget
champagne taste on a beer budgetExpensive or extravagant tastes or preferences that are beyond one's economic means. I only earn minimum wage, but I can't stop buying designer clothes and eating at the best restaurants—I guess I've got champagne taste on a beer budget!See also: beer, budget, on, tasteshoestring budgetA budget or allotment of resources that is very meager, sparse, or just enough to suit its purpose. Unfortunately, due to government cutbacks following the recession, our department has had to produce the same levels of work on a shoestring budget. I did all sorts of traveling with just a shoestring budget when I was in college. You learn very quickly how to make the most of what you have!See also: budget, shoestringbudget (something) for (something)To set aside a specific amount of something, often money or time, for something else (such as an expense or task). Did you budget enough money for all of your bills this month? I was almost late to class because I didn't budget enough time for editing my paper.See also: budgetbudget crunchA financial situation in which resources are limited. We're in a real budget crunch and can't afford a setback like this right now.See also: budget, crunchbudget dustA small and/or inconsequential amount of money, often as remains after a larger budgeted amount is spent. To most people, $2,000 is a lot to spend on anything, but to the country's mega rich, it is merely budget dust. After paying for all of those repairs, only budget dust is left over.See also: budget, dustbudget squeezeA financial situation in which resources are limited. We're in a real budget squeeze and can't afford a setback like this right now.See also: budget, squeezebudget something for someone or somethingto set aside a certain amount of money for someone or something. Did you budget some money for the holiday party? I budgeted a few hundred a month for Andrew's college expenses.See also: budgetbudget forv. To set aside some amount of money for something or someone: For the party, we budgeted $1,000 for musicians and food.See also: budgetbudget mod. [of something] of low quality or cheap. Don’t you dare bring back any of that budget pizza! budget dust n. a minor amount of money considering the size of the entire budget; money left over at the end of the budget year. The amount is just budget dust, chump change! What’s the big deal? See also: budget, dustbudget squeeze and budget crunch n. a situation where there is not enough money in the budget. Facing another budget squeeze, the legislators were forced to put off their pay increase. If it wasn’t for the budget crunch, I’d get a good raise this year. See also: budget, squeezebudget crunch verbSee budget squeezeSee also: budget, crunchbudget
budget, inclusive list of proposed expenditures and expected receipts of any person, enterprise, or government for a specified period, usually one year. Budget estimates are based on the expenditures and receipts of a similar previous period, modified by any expected changes. The governmental budget originated during the late 18th cent. in England. The U.S. Budget In the United States, the president was not required to submit an annual federal budget estimate until the passage (1921) of the Budget and Accounting Act. According to the act, the president must annually submit to Congress a budget that shows the condition of the Treasury at the end of the last completed fiscal year, its estimated condition at the end of the current fiscal year, and its estimated condition at the end of the ensuing year if the budget proposals are carried out; the revenues and expenditures during the last completed year and the estimates thereof for the current year; recommendations of provisions for meeting the revenues and expenditures for the ensuing year; and any other data considered helpful to Congress in its determination of the government's financial policy. No other administrative officer is allowed to make revenue recommendations unless asked to do so by Congress. To help the president, the Budget and Accounting Act also created the Bureau of the Budget, under the Treasury Dept., to receive, compile, and criticize estimates of expenditure needs submitted by the various governmental services and to study in detail all government services and recommend to the president any changes that will increase their economy and efficiency. The bureau was transferred (1939) to the executive office of the president, and reconstituted (1970) as the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), with additional functions involving the review of organizational structure within the executive branch of the federal government. The national budget is often regarded as one of the major policy statements of a presidential administration. The U.S. Budget Deficit Since the beginning of World War II the national budget has grown immensely, in part because of increased defense expenditures. Revenues have not kept pace with expenditures, and the federal budget has had annual deficits since 1969. During the 1960s and 70s, the overall economy grew faster than the deficits. In the 1980s, however, annual deficits grew to over $200 billion, reaching a record high of $290 billion in 1992. Budget reforms passed in 1974 mandated congressional budget resolutions to serve as alternatives to the president's proposed budget, and budget impasses became common. The 1985 Gramm-Rudman-Hollings ActGramm-Rudman-Hollings Act,
officially the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, U.S. budget deficit reduction measure. The law provided for automatic spending cuts to take effect if the president and Congress failed to reach established targets; the U.S.
..... Click the link for more information. tried to control America's escalating deficits by giving the U.S. comptroller general the right to order spending cuts if the president and Congress did not reduce the deficit, but the bill was ultimately declared unconstitutional. There have been repeated calls for balanced budget and line-item vetoveto
[Lat.,=I forbid], power of one functionary (e.g., the president) of a government, or of one member of a group or coalition, to block the operation of laws or agreements passed or entered into by the other functionaries or members.
In the U.S.
..... Click the link for more information. amendments to the ConstitutionConstitution of the United States,
document embodying the fundamental principles upon which the American republic is conducted. Drawn up at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787, the Constitution was signed on Sept.
..... Click the link for more information. , but no such measures have been passed. In 1996 a law establishing a limited presidential line-item veto was passed by Congress, but it was ruled unconstitutional in 1998. In the late 1990s budget-tightening measures—aided by the U.S. economic boom—reduced the deficit and led to two consecutive federal budget surpluses (1998–99); back-to-back surpluses had last occurred in 1956–57. In 1998, President ClintonClinton, Bill
(William Jefferson Clinton), 1946–, 42d President of the United States (1993–2001), b. Hope, Ark. His father died before he was born, and he was originally named William Jefferson Blythe 4th, but after his mother remarried, he assumed the surname of his
..... Click the link for more information. presented to Congress a balanced federal budget, the first such budget since 1969. A balanced budget was maintained through late 2001, but tax cuts, the cost of President BushBush, George Walker,
1946–, 43d President of the United States (2001–9), b. New Haven, Conn. The eldest son of President George H. W. Bush, he was was raised in Texas and, like his father, attended Phillips Academy in Andover, Mass., and Yale, graduating in 1968.
..... Click the link for more information. 's "war on terrorism," increased defense and other spending, and the effects of an economic recession produced a deficit again beginning with the 2002 budget. The 2004 deficit reached a new record level, $412.6 billion, a figure that did not include tens of billions spent on the occupation and reconstruction of Iraq, but it dropped in subsequent years until a financial crisis and severe recession caused it to rise to $455 billion in 2008 and soar to $1.4 trillion in 2009. Bibliography See J. D. Savage, Balanced Budgets and American Politics (1988); D. S. Ippolito, Uncertain Legacies: Federal Budget Policies from Roosevelt through Reagan (1990). Budget the. an estimate of British government expenditures and revenues and the financial plans for the ensuing fiscal year presented annually to the House of Commons by the Chancellor of the Exchequer budget
BudgetA detailed pro forma schedule of financial activity, such as an advertising budget, a sales budget, or a capital budget.BudgetA plan for a person or company's expenditures. Making a budget involves looking at one's revenue or income and matching that to expenses such that the person or company pays for all necessary expenses. A budget is in balance if revenues equal expenditures, in deficit if the person or company must resort to borrowing to meet expenses, and in surplus if money is left over to be used for savings or expansion.Budget.A budget is a written record of income and expenses during a specific time frame, typically a year. You use a budget as a spending plan to allocate your income to cover your expenses and to track how closely your actual expenditures line up with what you had planned to spend. An essential part of personal budgeting is creating an emergency fund, which you can use to cover unexpected expenses. You also want to budget a percentage of your income for saving and investing, just as you budget for food, housing, and clothing. Businesses and governments also create budgets to govern their expenditures for a fiscal year -- though like individuals they make regular adjustments to reflect financial reality. And, like individuals, businesses and governments can find themselves in trouble if their spending outpaces their income.  Fig. 13 Budget. Operational budget for year beginning 1 January 20xx. Fig. 12 Budget. Development of budgets. budget - a firm's predetermined plan (expressed in quantitative or financial terms) for a given future period. The sales budget is generally compiled with the aid of sales forecasts and shows quantities and values of planned sales broken down by product group, area and type of customer. The linked selling costs budget shows planned salesforce and advertising costs; while the distribution costs budget shows planned distribution activity measured in packages handled, tonnage, etc. and associated warehousing and transport costs. Once the sales budget is complete then the consequences of planned sales can be spelled out in the production budget, after making allowance for any planned changes in finished goods stock. The production budget specifies the quantities of various goods to be produced and the planned DIRECT MATERIALS, DIRECT LABOUR and factory OVERHEADS associated with these production plans, with a purchases budget showing planned purchases of raw materials. The administration costs budget shows the planned cost of personnel, accounts and similar administrative departments.
The capital expenditure budget is concerned with planned expenditure on FIXED ASSETS, itemizing what new or replacement assets are to be acquired during the forthcoming period and making the necessary finance available. The cash budget shows the overall cash position, with cash inflows resulting from planned sales and cash outflows resulting from planned expenditure on raw materials, wages, capital expenditure, etc. (so that any anticipated cash surpluses or deficits show up in good time to deal with them). Finally the master budget aggregates all the former budgets to produce a budgeted PROFIT-AND-LOSS ACCOUNT and a budgeted BALANCE SHEET, showing what profit will be earned and what the year-end position will be, provided that actual operations go according to plan. Fig. 12 shows the steps involved in developing a budget while Fig. 13 overleaf shows a simple company budget. See BUDGETING, BUDGETARY CONTROL. - a statement of the government's financial position which is used for the government's economic and social welfare programmes and as part of FISCAL POLICY in managing the level and distribution of spending in the economy. Government revenue comes primarily from receipts from various taxes such as income tax and value added tax (see DIRECT TAX, INDIRECT TAX), NATIONAL INSURANCE CONTRIBUTIONS, and miscellaneous sales, including the proceeds from selling off State industries. Government expenditure is directed towards a variety of current and capital commitments. A large proportion of current spending is taken up by social welfare payments (social security and unemployment benefits (JOBSEEKERS ALLOWANCE), old age pensions etc.) and the payment of wages and salaries to central and local authority employees in the Health Service, schools etc. National defence payments also take up a sizeable part of current spending. Capital spending is undertaken on various projects, including investment in infrastructure (roads, schools, hospitals and other public works) and the nationalized industries.
Taxation and government expenditure changes are used by the government to redistribute income and WEALTH (see DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME) and to influence the total amount of spending in the economy. For example, if the authorities consider it necessary to reduce total spending, they can aim for a budget surplus, increasing taxes and cutting government expenditure. Alternatively, if a stimulus to the economy is needed, the government can run a budget deficit, cutting taxes and increasing government spending. Recently (post 1997) the government has accepted that fiscal stability is an important element in the fight against INFLATION and UNEMPLOYMENT. To this end, fiscal ‘prudence’, specifically a current budget deficit within the European Union's MAASTRICHT TREATY limits of no more that 3% of GDP (and an outstanding total debt limit of 60% of GDP) was endorsed as being a necessary adjunct to avoid excessive monetary creation of the kind which fuelled previous runaway inflation. In fact the government has gone further than this in adopting the so-called ‘golden rule’ which requires that the government should “aim for an overall budget surplus over the economic cycle (defined as 1998/99 to 2003/04)” with some of the proceeds being used to pay off government debt to reduce outstanding debt eventually to 40% of GDP. Along the way it has introduced more rigorous standards for approving increases in public spending, in particular the ‘sustainable investment rule’ which stipulates that the government should only borrow to finance capital investment and not to pay for general spending. In addition, the government has announced it will ‘ring fence’ increases in particular tax receipts to be used only for funding specific activities. For example, receipts from future increases in fuel taxes and tobacco taxes will be spent, respectively, only on road building programmes and the National Health Service. See PUBLIC SECTOR BORROWING REQUIREMENT. budget (firm) a firm's planned revenues and expenditures for a given future period. Annual or monthly sales, production, cost and capital expenditure budgets provide a means for the firm to plan its future activities, and by collecting actual data about sales, product cost, etc., to compare with budget the firm can control these activities more effectively.
 Fig. 18 Budget (government). (a) The UK budget for 2003/04. (b) UK budget deficits and surpluses, 1979–2004. Source: UK National Accounts, ONS (Blue Book), 2004. budget (government) a financial statement of the government's planned revenues and expenditures for the fiscal year. The main sources of current revenues, as shown in Fig. 18 (a), are TAXATION, principally income and expenditure taxes, and NATIONAL INSURANCE CONTRIBUTIONS. The main current outgoings of GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE are the provision of goods and services (principally wage payments to health, education, police and other public service employees), TRANSFER PAYMENTS (old-age pensions, interest payments on the NATIONAL DEBT, etc.) and social security benefits. The budget has two main uses: - it forms the basis of the government's longer-term financial planning of its own economic and social commitments;
- it is an instrument of FISCAL POLICY in regulating the level (and composition) of AGGREGATE DEMAND in the economy. A BUDGET SURPLUS (revenues greater than expenditures) reduces the level of aggregate
demand. By contrast, a BUDGET DEFICIT (expenditure greater than revenues) increases aggregate demand. Fig. 18 (b) shows UK budget deficits (and surpluses) over the past two decades. Recently (post 1997) the government has accepted that fiscal stability is an important element in the fight against INFLATION and UNEMPLOYMENT. To this end, fiscal ‘prudence’, specifically a current budget deficit within the European Union's MAASTRICHT TREATY limits of no more than 3% of GDP (and an outstanding total debt limit of 60% of GDP), was endorsed as being a necessary adjunct to avoid excessive monetary creation of the kind that fuelled previous runaway inflation. In fact, the government has gone further than this in adopting the so-called ‘golden rule’, which requires that the government should ‘aim for an overall budget surplus over the economic cycle’ (defined as 1998/99 to 2003/04, with some of the proceeds being used to pay off government debt to reduce outstanding debt eventually to 40% of GDP Along the way it has introduced more rigorous standards for approving increases in public spending, in particular the ‘sustainable investment rule’, which stipulates that the government should borrow only to finance capital investment and not to pay for general spending. In addition, the government has announced it will ‘ring-fence’ increases in particular tax receipts to be used only for funding specific activities. For example, receipts from future increases in fuel taxes and tobacco taxes will be spent, respectively, only on road-building programmes and the National Health Service. See PUBLIC SECTOR BORROWING REQUIREMENT, PUBLIC SECTOR DEBT REPAYMENT, DEMAND MANAGEMENT, PUBLIC FINANCE.
budget (household) a household's planned income and expenditure for a given time period. The household's expenditure will depend upon its DISPOSABLE INCOME, and the THEORY OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR seeks to show how households, or consumers, allocate their income in spending on various goods and services. See CONSUMER EQUILIBRIUM.budget(1) An itemized list of expected income and expenses over a period of time. (2) An estimate of particular monetary needs, such as a capital budget for construction or a development budget for construction and business ramp up to break even. See BUD
See BDGbudget
Related to budget: Avis, enterprise, HertzSynonyms for budgetnoun allowanceSynonyms- allowance
- means
- funds
- income
- finances
- resources
- allocation
verb planSynonyms- plan
- estimate
- allocate
- cost
- ration
- apportion
- cost out
adj inexpensiveSynonyms- inexpensive
- economy
- bargain
- sale
- reduced
- keen
- reasonable
- low-priced
- low-cost
- cut-price
- economical
- cheapo
Synonyms for budgetnoun a measurable wholeSynonyms- amount
- body
- bulk
- corpus
- quantity
- quantum
Words related to budgetnoun a sum of money allocated for a particular purposeRelated Words- fund
- monetary fund
- Civil List
- operating budget
noun a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet themRelated Words- plan
- program
- programme
- balanced budget
verb make a budgetRelated Words- compute
- calculate
- cipher
- cypher
- figure
- reckon
- work out
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