单词 | cryptosporidium |
释义 | cryptosporidiumcryp·to·spor·id·i·umC0784150 (krĭp′tō-spə-rĭd′ē-əm)cryptosporidium(ˌkrɪptəʊspɔːˈrɪdɪəm)cryptosporidiumcryptosporidium(krĭp'tōspərĭd`ēəm), genus of protozoansprotozoan, informal term for the unicellular heterotrophs of the kingdom Protista. Protozoans comprise a large, diverse assortment of microscopic or near-microscopic organisms that live as single cells or in simple colonies and that show no differentiation into tissues. ..... Click the link for more information. having at least four species; they are waterborne parasites that cause the disease cryptosporidiosis. One of the species appears to be responsible for most of the illnesses. Symptoms of the disease are vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever usually lasting one to two weeks. In immunosuppressed individuals, such as people with AIDSAIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, fatal disease caused by a rapidly mutating retrovirus that attacks the immune system and leaves the victim vulnerable to infections, malignancies, and neurological disorders. It was first recognized as a disease in 1981. ..... Click the link for more information. , the disease can be fatal. Nitazoxanide is an effective treatment in some immunosuppressed individuals. The usual sources of cryptosporidial contamination of drinking water are human sewage (e.g., sewage system overflows) and runoff carrying animal waste (e.g., from dairy farms). Although coagulation-sedimentation and filtration reduce the levels of cryptosporidium in water supplies, they do not eliminate it. Chlorination has no effect on the organism, which protects itself in the form of an oocyst, a tiny encapsulated egglike structure, when not in the intestine of an animal or human, but ozone disinfection has been more successful. Cryptosporidiosis affected more that 400,000 people and caused over 60 deaths in Milwaukee in 1993 when the parasites contaminated the public water system. Smaller outbreaks have occurred in other states. See also water pollutionwater pollution, CryptosporidiumCryptosporidium[krip″to-spo-rid´e-um]Cryptosporidium(krip'tō-spō-rid'ē-ŭm),cryptosporidium(krĭp′tō-spə-rĭd′ē-əm)Cryp·to·spo·rid·i·um(krip'tō-spō-rid'ē-ŭm)Cryptosporidium |
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