| 单词 | climacteric | ||||||
| 释义 | climactericclimactericcli·mac·ter·icC0406100 (klī-măk′tər-ĭk, klī′măk-tĕr′ĭk)climacteric(klaɪˈmæktərɪk; ˌklaɪmækˈtɛrɪk)cli•mac•ter•ic(klaɪˈmæk tər ɪk, ˌklaɪ mækˈtɛr ɪk)n.
climactericnounclimactericclimacteric:see menopausemenopauseor climacteric , transitional phase in a woman's life when the ovaries stop releasing eggs, ovarian production of estrogen and other hormones tapers off, and menstruation ceases. ..... Click the link for more information. . Climacteric(medicine), the transitional period from sexual maturity to middle age. In women the climacteric is manifested by a disturbance in the regularity of the menstrual cycle until it ceases completely, which signals the onset of a new period in a woman’s life, the menopause. The climacteric generally begins between the ages of 45 and 54, usually at about 47 years of age, and continues for an average of 15–18 months. If the onset of the climacteric is premature (prior to the age of 40) it is called an early climacteric; a late climacteric is one that occurs after the age of 55. An early climacteric is caused by a primary deficiency of the ovaries (associated with the late onset of menstruation, at 17–18 years) and a hard life; infectious diseases, emotional shock, and constitutional and genetic predisposition are also significant. A late climacteric usually occurs in women who for some reason have congestion in the small pelvis or who have fibromyomas of the uterus. In some women menstruation ceases suddenly, in others gradually. During the climacteric period uterine hemorrhage may occur, caused by impairment in the functioning of the ovaries and in the formation of the corpus luteum. The climacteric results from complex changes in the entire system regulating cyclic changes in the female body, including the central nervous system (hypothalamus, diencephalon, hypophysis) and the ovaries. In the ovaries maturation of the follicles and release of ova (ovulation) cease. However, sometimes ovulation continues for some time after cessation of menstruation. Production of hormones that regulate cyclic changes continues for a number of years after menstruation has ceased. For more than half of all women the climacteric proceeds smoothly and is not accompanied by pathological symptoms. In lingering or late climacteric, in particular, hemorrhages may occur (sometimes caused by a tumor), as well as various disturbances known as the climacteric syndrome. The syndrome often occurs in early spring (February-March) and is apparently due to spring hypovitaminosis, fatigue after the winter, and the decrease in solar radiation. The chief complaint is “hot flashes,” sudden reddenings of the face, neck, breast, and nape, accompanied by a sensation of heat. This state continues for 2 or 3 minutes and usually occurs in the evening; especially distressing are night flashes. During the flashes the woman may perspire freely. Other symptoms include nervousness, irritability, headaches, insomnia, phobia, and depression. During the climacteric some women experience increased blood pressure and sometimes chest pains; there may also be pains in the knee joints, or, more rarely, in the finger joints (endocrine arthritides). Since they result from the age-connected reorganization of the body, these unpleasant symptoms often pass without treatment. When a climacteric syndrome causes medium to severe distress, treatment is necessary, including measures for strengthening the whole body (good health habits and diet, particularly when there is a tendency to obesity; plenty of vitamins A, B, and E), galvanization, hydrotherapy (coniferous baths), and hormone therapy (estrogens, androgens, or combinations of both). Prevention of pathological manifestations includes good health habits and exercise. In men the climacteric usually begins between the ages of 50 and 60; it is less pronounced but lasts longer. Symptoms include impairment of the functioning of the autonomic nervous system, cardiovascular and hormonal disturbances, insomnia, weakening of the memory, phobia, and a decrease in work capacity. Dizziness, fainting, a sensation of pulsation in the head, and heat flashes in the head and face may also occur. Sometimes there are chest pains, and the blood pressure may rise. Sexual desire and potency decrease, although not always. Treatment of the climacteric syndrome consists in the prolonged use of hormonal preparations (androgens). REFERENCESBaranov, V. G., I. Iu. Podol’skaia, and I. G. Rozovskaia. “Funktsiia kory nadpochechnikov u zhenshchin v period stareniia i klimaksa.” Problemy endokrinologii i gormonoterapii, 1960, no. 3, pp. 95–103.Kvater, E. I. Gormonal’naia diagnostika i terapiia v akusherstve i ginekologii, 2nd ed. Moscow, 1961. Malinovskii, M. S., and E. D. Svet-Moldavskaia. Klimakterii i menopauza. Moscow, 1963. (Bibliography.) Fiziologiia i patologiia klimakteriia zhenshchiny. Leningrad, 1965. Vikhliaeva, E. M. Klimaktericheskii sindrom i ego lechenie. Moscow, 1966. V. A. POKROVSKII climacteric[klī′mak·tə·rik]climactericSee climacteric climactericclimacteric[kli-mak´ter-ik, kli″mak-ter´ik]cli·mac·ter·ic(klī-mak'ter-ik, klī-mak-ter'ik),climacteric(klī-măk′tər-ĭk, klī′măk-tĕr′ĭk)climactericadjective Referring to the perimenopausal period of ovarian involution, characterised by physiological and psychological changes due to a decrease in sexual activity (men) and/or reproductive capacity (women).noun (1) In women, the perimenopausal period of ovarian involution, characterised by vasomotor lability—e.g., hot flashes, dysmenorrhoea, redistribution of fat, dyspareunia, early osteoporosis, decreased skin elasticity, hormonal changes (e.g., increased FSH and LH, decreased PGE2, oestrogen and progesterone; postmenopausal ovaries continue to secrete androgens, which are converted into oestrogens). (2) An analogous time believed to occur in men, marked by a decrease in sexual activity, though not of reproductive capacity; popularly known as male menopause. climactericGynecology nouncli·mac·ter·ic(klī-mak'tĕr-ik)climactericThe MENOPAUSE. The time in life after which reproduction is no longer possible. This is an exclusively female phenomenon; the male menopause is a journalistic fiction.climacteric
cli·mac·ter·ic, climacterium (klī-mak'tĕr-ik, -mak-tē'rē-ŭm)Patient discussion about climactericQ. Have you changed your life and diet because of Fibromyalgia and did that help? I’m with Fibromyalgia. It is very difficult for me to deal with this disease. Anybody else have this problem? Have you changed your life and diet because of Fibromyalgia and did that help? Q. Why my dad feels good with diet change as he have been taking this all his life. Is there any problem? My dad is 63 and cannot have regular meals. He gets sick and weak. Generally we have 4 meals per day. He prefers now to have small meals after every 2-3 hours. These smaller meals give him better energy to cope for the daily stress he gets. Why he feels good with this diet change as he have been taking this all his life. Is there any problem? climacteric
Synonyms for climacteric
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climacteric - the time in a woman's life in which the menstrual cycle ends