decarboxylation

de·car·box·yl·a·tion

D0068300 (dē′kär-bŏk′sə-lā′shən)n. Removal of a carboxyl group from a chemical compound, usually with hydrogen replacing it.

decarboxylation

(ˌdiːkɑːˌbɒksɪˈleɪʃən) n (Biochemistry) the removal or loss of a carboxyl group from an organic compound

Thesaurus

Noun

decarboxylation - the process of removing a carboxyl group from a chemical compound (usually replacing it with hydrogen)chemical action, chemical change, chemical process - (chemistry) any process determined by the atomic and molecular composition and structure of the substances involved

Translations

αποκαρβοξυλίωσηdecarbossilazione

Decarboxylation

the elimination of CO₂ from the carboxyl group of carboxylic acids RCOOH. Heating such an acid with soda lime yields the hydrocarbon RH and CO₂. Such carboxylic acids as cyanoacetic acid, CNCH₂COOH, and malonic acid, CH₂(COOH)₂, lose CO₂ upon simple heating. Upon treatment with concentrated H₂SO₄, oxalic acid yields CO, CO₂, and water; formic acid yields CO₂ and H₂. Aromatic acids undergo decarboxylation when heated in quinoline in the presence of copper powder.

Fermentation decarboxylation plays an important part in metabolic processes. Amino acids are decarboxylated by decarboxylases, whose coenzyme is primarily phosphopyridoxal. Decarboxylation of amino acids is widespread among microorganisms, particularly the bacteria that are part of the microflora of the intestines of animals and man. Decarboxylation of a number of amino acids in animal tissues leads to formation of biogenic amines (histamine and serotonin, as well as γ-aminobutyric acid, taurine, and noradrenaline). The decarboxylation of α-keto acids is brought about by decarboxylases, whose coenzyme is thiamine pyrophosphate. The oxidation decarboxylation of pyrotartaric and α-ketoglutaric acids in animals and plants plays a large part in the Krebs cycle. In cells of microorganisms, pyrotartaric acid can be decarboxylated without access of oxygen, for example, in alcoholic fermentation.

decarboxylation

[de″kahr-bok″sĭ-la´shun] removal of the carboxyl group from a compound.