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单词 conglomerate
释义

conglomerate


con·glom·er·ate

C0567600 (kən-glŏm′ə-rāt′)v. con·glom·er·at·ed, con·glom·er·at·ing, con·glom·er·ates v.intr.1. To form or gather into a mass or whole.2. To form into or merge with a corporate conglomerate.v.tr. To cause to form into a mass or whole.n. (-ər-ĭt)1. A corporation made up of a number of different companies that operate in diversified fields.2. A collected heterogeneous mass; a cluster: a conglomerate of color, passion, and artistry.3. Geology A coarse-grained sedimentary rock consisting of rounded to subangular rock fragments cemented together by hardened silt, clay, calcium carbonate, or similar material.adj. (-ər-ĭt)1. Gathered into a mass; clustered.2. Geology Made up of loosely cemented heterogeneous material.
[Latin conglomerāre, conglomerāt- : com-, com- + glomerāre, to wind into a ball (from glomus, glomer-, ball).]
con·glom′er·at′ic (-ə-răt′ĭk), con·glom′er·it′ic (-ə-rĭt′ĭk) adj.con·glom′er·a′tor n.

conglomerate

n 1. a thing composed of heterogeneous elements; mass 2. (Geological Science) any coarse-grained sedimentary rock consisting of rounded fragments of rock embedded in a finer matrix. Compare agglomerate3 3. (Commerce) a large corporation consisting of a group of companies dealing in widely diversified goods, services, etc vb to form into a cluster or mass adj 4. made up of heterogeneous elements; massed 5. (Geological Science) (of sedimentary rocks) consisting of rounded fragments within a finer matrix [C16: from Latin conglomerāre to roll up, from glomerāre to wind into a ball, from glomus ball of thread]

con•glom•er•ate

(n., adj. kənˈglɒm ər ɪt, kəŋ-; v. -əˌreɪt)

n., adj., v. -at•ed, -at•ing. n. 1. anything composed of heterogeneous materials or elements. 2. a corporation consisting of a number of subsidiary companies or divisions in a variety of unrelated industries. 3. a rock consisting of pebbles or the like embedded in a finer cementing material; consolidated gravel. adj. 4. consisting of heterogeneous elements. 5. gathered into a rounded mass, or consisting of parts so gathered; clustered. 6. of or pertaining to a corporate conglomerate. v.t. 7. to bring together into a cohering mass. 8. to gather into a rounded mass. v.i. 9. to cluster together. 10. (of a company) to become part of or merge with a conglomerate. [1565–75; < Latin conglomerātus, past participle of conglomerāre to concentrate =con- con- + glomerāre to form a ball, derivative of glomus, s. glomer- ball of yarn] con•glom`er•at′ic (-əˈræt ɪk) con•glom`er•it′ic (-əˈrɪt-) adj. con•glom′er•a`tor, n.

con·glom·er·ate

(kən-glŏm′ə-rāt′) A coarse-grained sedimentary rock that consists of pebbles, gravel, or seashells cemented together by hardened silt, clay, calcium carbonate, or a similar material. See Table at rock.

Conglomerate

 a mass of separate items collected into a ball; things closely crowded or gathered together into a coherent mass or whole.Examples: conglomerate of anecdotes; of flowers; of fragments; of fruit and leaves, 1572; of geologists—Lipton, 1970; of gravel and ice, 1856; of useful or useless knowledge, 1864.

conglomerate


Past participle: conglomerated
Gerund: conglomerating
Imperative
conglomerate
conglomerate
Present
I conglomerate
you conglomerate
he/she/it conglomerates
we conglomerate
you conglomerate
they conglomerate
Preterite
I conglomerated
you conglomerated
he/she/it conglomerated
we conglomerated
you conglomerated
they conglomerated
Present Continuous
I am conglomerating
you are conglomerating
he/she/it is conglomerating
we are conglomerating
you are conglomerating
they are conglomerating
Present Perfect
I have conglomerated
you have conglomerated
he/she/it has conglomerated
we have conglomerated
you have conglomerated
they have conglomerated
Past Continuous
I was conglomerating
you were conglomerating
he/she/it was conglomerating
we were conglomerating
you were conglomerating
they were conglomerating
Past Perfect
I had conglomerated
you had conglomerated
he/she/it had conglomerated
we had conglomerated
you had conglomerated
they had conglomerated
Future
I will conglomerate
you will conglomerate
he/she/it will conglomerate
we will conglomerate
you will conglomerate
they will conglomerate
Future Perfect
I will have conglomerated
you will have conglomerated
he/she/it will have conglomerated
we will have conglomerated
you will have conglomerated
they will have conglomerated
Future Continuous
I will be conglomerating
you will be conglomerating
he/she/it will be conglomerating
we will be conglomerating
you will be conglomerating
they will be conglomerating
Present Perfect Continuous
I have been conglomerating
you have been conglomerating
he/she/it has been conglomerating
we have been conglomerating
you have been conglomerating
they have been conglomerating
Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been conglomerating
you will have been conglomerating
he/she/it will have been conglomerating
we will have been conglomerating
you will have been conglomerating
they will have been conglomerating
Past Perfect Continuous
I had been conglomerating
you had been conglomerating
he/she/it had been conglomerating
we had been conglomerating
you had been conglomerating
they had been conglomerating
Conditional
I would conglomerate
you would conglomerate
he/she/it would conglomerate
we would conglomerate
you would conglomerate
they would conglomerate
Past Conditional
I would have conglomerated
you would have conglomerated
he/she/it would have conglomerated
we would have conglomerated
you would have conglomerated
they would have conglomerated

conglomerate

A type of sedimentary rock made up of pebbles and larger rounded stones, cemented together by sandy material.
Thesaurus
Noun1.conglomerate - a composite rock made up of particles of varying sizeconglomerate - a composite rock made up of particles of varying sizepudding stonerock, stone - material consisting of the aggregate of minerals like those making up the Earth's crust; "that mountain is solid rock"; "stone is abundant in New England and there are many quarries"
2.conglomerate - a group of diverse companies under common ownership and run as a single organizationempirecorp, corporation - a business firm whose articles of incorporation have been approved in some statepublishing conglomerate, publishing empire - a conglomerate of publishing companies
Verb1.conglomerate - collect or gatherconglomerate - collect or gather; "Journals are accumulating in my office"; "The work keeps piling up"amass, cumulate, pile up, accumulate, gatherincrease - become bigger or greater in amount; "The amount of work increased"backlog - accumulate and create a backlogaccrete - grow or become attached by accretion; "The story accreted emotion"drift - be piled up in banks or heaps by the force of wind or a current; "snow drifting several feet high"; "sand drifting like snow"
Adj.1.conglomerate - composed of heterogeneous elements gathered into a mass; "the conglomerate peoples of New England"combined - made or joined or united into one

conglomerate

noun corporation, multinational, corporate body, business, association, consortium, aggregate, agglomerate Fiat is Italy's largest industrial conglomerate.
Translations
AnsammlungKonglomeratconglomeratoconglomerare

conglomerate


conglomerate,

in geology, sedimentary rockrock,
aggregation of solid matter composed of one or more of the minerals forming the earth's crust. The scientific study of rocks is called petrology. Rocks are commonly divided, according to their origin, into three major classes—igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.
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 composed largely of pebbles or other rounded particles whose diameter is larger than 2 mm (.08 in.). Essentially a cemented gravel, conglomerates are formed along beaches, as glacial drift, and in river deposits. Conglomerates formed of angular shaped pebbles are called breccias.

conglomerate,

corporation whose asset growth, often very rapid, comes largely through the acquisition of, or merger with, other firms whose products are largely unrelated to each other or to that of the parent company. Merger to gain monopoly ("horizontal integration") was notable at the end of the 19th cent.; somewhat later, acquisition of suppliers or buyers ("vertical integration") became fairly common. Conglomerates did not emerge until the 1960s, when they quickly became popular among investors. Their stock prices often rose (and sometimes fell) spectacularly. Economic advantages attributed to the conglomerate include protection against overspecialization, availability of management expertise, and reduced costs, but they have also been criticized as organizationally inefficient and for wasting capital in acquisition instead of production. The rise of the conglomerate in the 20th cent. has been attributed to restrictions imposed by antitrust laws: As businesses were constrained within their own industry, they instead expanded into different markets. This trend greatly intensified during the 1980s and 1990s (see mergermerger,
in corporate business, fusion of two or more corporations by the transfer of all property to a single corporation. The remaining corporation continues in existence, having absorbed the other(s).
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); a notable exception was ITT, which split up (1995) its companies to strengthen operations. The mid-2000s again saw the breakup of a number of conglomerates, most notably Cendant and Viacom, when shareholders seemed to favor more focused companies over larger companies with disparate businesses, but other conglomerates, such as Berkshire Hathaway, continued to thrive and grow.

Conglomerate

 

a form of monopolistic association that arose in the 1960’s primarily in the United States. The “functional conglomerate mergers” have been more common in Western Europe (uniting companies that use related production processes), whereas in the United States the prevalent form has been “investment conglomerate mergers” (uniting companies without a production relationship). Conglomerate mergers (that is, mergers of companies in different sectors) constituted 80.4 percent of the intercompany mergers in the United States in 1965–69, whereas in Great Britain in 1968 the figure was 45 percent, in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1967–69 it was 43 percent, and in the Netherlands between 1958 and 1970 it was 26 percent. These figures include both functional and investment conglomerate mergers.

The investment mergers are the ones that lead to the appearance of the conglomerate proper. The conglomerate has a number of distinguishing features that, taken together, characterize this type of monopoly:

(1) The conglomerate unites a broad range of companies that are unrelated in terms of production or function.

(2) Conglomerates typically have a high level of management decentralization. The divisions of the conglomerate enjoy broader autonomy than the divisions of diversified companies with a traditional structure (the conglomerate usually keeps a small staff in a main office). The system for planning and monitoring acquires paramount importance as the means of conglomerate management.

(3) Especially during an economic upsurge, the capital of the conglomerate grows swiftly as a result of mergers, and it is generally directed to capturing control of existing companies, not to building new production capacities. Thus, in 1966 the Gulf and Western Company was in 247th place in the overall list of the largest US industrial corporations, but by 1967 it had advanced to 135th place, and in 1968 it was 69th. When the cycle in the US shifted toward overproduction in 1969, the rate of new conglomerate acquisitions dropped sharply.

(4) The unification under one name of companies in various spheres of economic activity takes place with the participation or involvement of a large bank. Not striving for intracompany technological integration, the companies belonging to the conglomerate strengthen their “empires” through financial and administrative control.

(5) Conglomerates are possible only under conditions of state-monopoly capitalism and the scientific and technological revolution. These developments turned diversification of capital and production into a primary means of putting excess savings to work and into a crucial form of the competitive struggle. This form decreases the risk of losses owing to market conditions or to structural and cyclical fluctuations. Searching for new spheres in which to apply their capital, conglomerates concentrate primarily on the most profitable new sectors (the sectors with sophisticated technology), which are developing rapidly in close conjunction with militarization of the economy. Military orders constitute a significant share of conglomerate turnover and give the conglomerates guaranteed markets for that part of their output that is most highly involved with scientific and technological progress. Finally, only with the development of cybernetics and the use of computers has it become possible at all for conglomerates to manage different enterprises in a more or less rational manner.

(6) Speculative transactions in the stock market are reflected to a high degree in shaping conglomerate structures. Specifically, one of the stimuli to the formation of conglomerates in the USA was a desire to raise the price of the stocks of companies belonging to them, which leads to an increase in their fictional capital. Conglomerates use their own stock to pay for companies they absorb, thus diluting their own stock capital.

During the 1960’s the conglomerates expanded their operations at a very high rate (more than 50 percent a year). The rapid growth in their assets was accompanied by an equally rapid growth in distributed profits, and their stocks were quoted higher than the stocks of conventional corporations. However, the increase in profits through buying more new companies on credit while paying back old indebtedness was only possible with the economic upsurge and the growth in the securities market. When the economic crisis set in, with deepening inflation and narrowing markets for loan capital, the high level of indebtedness made the conglomerates extremely vulnerable in a financial sense. In early 1971 the price of conglomerate stocks was 10–20 percent lower than the level of early 1968. In these three years the stocks of the conglomerates fell more than the stocks of conventional companies.

Conglomerates are often formed merely out of particular market conditions or speculative considerations, without any consideration of real needs or the logic of economic development. The bloating of fictional capital that accompanies the formation and development of conglomerates increases the instability inherent in capitalism and testifies to the further intensification of the parasitic nature of the capitalist method of production and the exacerbation of all the contradictions of imperialism.

REFERENCES

Lutskaia, E. “Konglomeraty kak novyi tip monopolisticheskikh ob”edinenii.” Mirovaia ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia, 1971, no. 6.
Belous, T. Ia. Mezhdunarodnye promyshlennye monopolii. Moscow, 1972.
Narver, J. C. Conglomerate Mergers and Market Competition. Berkeley-Los Angeles, 1967.
Conglomerate Commotion. New York, 1970.
Tammer, H. Imperialismus in Fieber der Machtkonzentrazion. Berlin, 1970.

T. IA. BELOUS


Conglomerate

 

(geology), sedimentary rock consisting of cemented pebble with an admixture of sand, gravel, and boulders. The cement is usually iron oxides, carbonates, and clayey materials, and more rarely silicic acid. Conglomerates may be composed of rocks that differ in composition (polygenetic conglomerate) or of pebbles of one type of rock (monogenetic conglomerate). A distinction is made among marine, alluvial, proluvial, and lake conglomerates depending on the method of accumulation of the clastic material. The presence of conglomerate strata and beds in the geological section indicates intensified erosion by water of the more ancient beds and proximity to land or elevations. Conglomerates that occur at the base of large sedimentary complexes that accumulated after the period when vast areas of the earth’s crust were eroded are called basal conglomerates. Conglomerates are widespread in strata of differing ages, particularly in mountain regions and areas adjacent to them. They sometimes contain placer deposits of gold, platinum, and other minerals (usually in the cement).

conglomerate

[kən′gläm·ə·rət] (geology) Cemented, rounded fragments of water-worn rock or pebbles, bound by a siliceous or argillaceous substance. (organic chemistry) racemate

conglomerate

Rock consisting of rounded pebbles which are cemented together with a finer material.

conglomerate

1. any coarse-grained sedimentary rock consisting of rounded fragments of rock embedded in a finer matrix 2. a large corporation consisting of a group of companies dealing in widely diversified goods, services, etc. 3. (of sedimentary rocks) consisting of rounded fragments within a finer matrix

conglomerate


con·glom·er·ate

(kon-glom'ĕ-rāt), Composed of several parts aggregated into one mass. [L. conglomero, pp. -atus, to roll together, fr. glomus, a ball]

con·glom·er·ate

(kŏn-glom'ĕr-ăt) Composed of several parts aggregated into one mass. [L. conglomero, pp. -atus, to roll together, fr. glomus, a ball]

conglomerate

(kŏn-glŏm′ĕr-āt) [″ + glomerare, to heap] 1. An aggregation in one mass. 2. Clustered; heaped together.

Conglomerate


Related to Conglomerate: Conglomerate merger

Conglomerate

A corporation operating in several different and unrelated enterprises, such as the movie industry, baking, and oil refining.

A conglomerate merger is one that brings together two firms with totally different product lines, economic relationships, and functions. Such a merger may violate antitrust acts inasmuch as it may have an adverse effect on competition.

Conglomerate


Conglomerate

A firm engaged in two or more unrelated businesses.

Conglomerate

A corporation that runs and manages many, unrelated businesses. The businesses are in different industries and generally have nothing at all to do with each other in terms of what products are produced. The theory behind a conglomerate states that the individual businesses can be managed at lower cost because they are able to pool resources while also reducing risks inherent to any particular industry. Conglomerates are not as popular in the United States as they once were because some became so complex, they were impossible to operate. See also: Keiretsu, Chaebol.

conglomerate

A company engaged in varied business operations, many of which seem unrelated. A conglomerate is designed to have reduced risk, since its various operations are affected differently by business conditions over time. In addition, it is possible for a conglomerate to redistribute its corporate assets depending on which operations show the most promise. Conglomerates were popular among investors during the 1960s but investors' interest in them faded during the 1970s and the 1980s.

Conglomerate.

A conglomerate is a corporation whose multiple business units operate in different, often unrelated, areas.

A conglomerate is generally formed when one company expands by acquiring other firms, which it brings together under a single management umbrella.

In some, but not all, cases, the formerly independent elements of the conglomerate retain their brand identities, though they are responsible to the conglomerate's management.

Some conglomerates are successful, with different parts of the whole contributing the lion's share of the profits in different phases of the economic cycle, offsetting weaker performance by other units.

Other conglomerates are never able to meld the parts into a functioning whole. In those cases, the parent company may sell or spin off various divisions into new independent companies.

AcronymsSeeCGLM

conglomerate


Related to conglomerate: Conglomerate merger
  • all
  • noun
  • verb
  • adj

Synonyms for conglomerate

noun corporation

Synonyms

  • corporation
  • multinational
  • corporate body
  • business
  • association
  • consortium
  • aggregate
  • agglomerate

Synonyms for conglomerate

noun a composite rock made up of particles of varying size

Synonyms

  • pudding stone

Related Words

  • rock
  • stone

noun a group of diverse companies under common ownership and run as a single organization

Synonyms

  • empire

Related Words

  • corp
  • corporation
  • publishing conglomerate
  • publishing empire

verb collect or gather

Synonyms

  • amass
  • cumulate
  • pile up
  • accumulate
  • gather

Related Words

  • increase
  • backlog
  • accrete
  • drift

adj composed of heterogeneous elements gathered into a mass

Related Words

  • combined
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