| 单词 | congest | ||||||
| 释义 | congestcon·gestC0567100 (kən-jĕst′)congest(kənˈdʒɛst)con•gest(kənˈdʒɛst)v.t. Congestan accumulation; a number of separate people or things crowded very closely together; a heap.congestPast participle: congested Gerund: congesting
congestverbcongestestrogens, conjugatedPharmacologic class: Estrogen Therapeutic class: Replacement hormone, antineoplastic, antiosteoporotic Pregnancy risk category X ActionBind to nuclear receptors in responsive tissues (such as female genital organs, breasts, and pituitary gland), enhancing DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. In androgen-dependent prostate cancer, compete for androgen receptor sites, inhibiting androgen activity. Also decrease pituitary release of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones. AvailabilityPowder for injection: 25 mg/5 ml Tablets: 0.3 mg, 0.625 mg, 0.9 mg, 1.25 mg Vaginal cream: 0.625 mg/g Indications and dosages➣ Ovariectomy; primary ovarian failure Adults: 1.25 mg P.O. daily continuously or in cycles of 3 weeks on and 1 week off ➣ Osteoporosis and menopausal symptoms Adults: 0.3 to 1.25 mg P.O. daily continuously or in cycles of 3 weeks on and 1 week off ➣ Female hypogonadism Adults: 0.3 to 0.625 mg P.O. daily, given in cycles of 3 weeks on and 1 week off ➣ Inoperable breast cancer in men and postmenopausal women Adults: 10 mg P.O. t.i.d. for 3 months or more ➣ Inoperable prostate carcinoma Adults: 1.25 to 2.5 mg P.O. t.i.d. ➣ Uterine bleeding caused by hormonal imbalance Adults: 25 mg I.M. or I.V., repeated in 6 to 12 hours if necessary ➣ Atrophic vaginitis, kraurosis vulvae Adults: 0.5 to 2 g (vaginal cream) intravaginally daily in cycles of 3 weeks on and 1 week off ➣ Moderate to severe dyspareunia Adults: 0.5 g (vaginal cream) intravaginally daily in cycles of 3 weeks on and 1 week off Contraindications• Hypersensitivity to drug or its components • Thromboembolic disease (current or previous) • Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding • Breast or reproductive system cancer (except metastatic disease) • Estrogen-dependent neoplasms • Pregnancy PrecautionsUse cautiously in: • cardiovascular disease, severe hepatic or renal disease, asthma, bone disease, migraine, seizures, breast disease • family history of breast or genital tract cancer • breastfeeding patients. Administration• Know that drug is compatible with dextrose 5% in water and normal saline solution.  Adverse reactionsCNS: headache, dizziness, lethargy, depression, asthenia, paresthesia, syncope, cerebrovascular accident (CVA), seizures CV: hypertension, chest pain, myocardial infarction (MI), thromboembolism EENT: contact lens intolerance, worsening of myopia or astigmatism, otitis media, sinusitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, bloating, enlarged abdomen, dyspepsia, flatulence, gastritis, gastroenteritis, hemorrhoids, colitis, gallbladder disease, anorexia, pancreatitis GU: urinary incontinence, dysuria, urinary tract infection, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, endometrial hyperplasia, vaginal candidiasis, leukorrhea, vaginal hemorrhage, genital eruptions, gynecomastia, breast tenderness, breast enlargement or secretion, reduced libido, erectile dysfunction, testicular atrophy, increased risk of breast cancer, endometrial cancer, hemolytic uremic syndrome Hepatic: cholestatic jaundice, hepatic adenoma Metabolic: hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia, sodium and fluid retention, reduced carbohydrate tolerance Musculoskeletal: leg cramps, back pain, skeletal pain Respiratory: upper respiratory tract infection, bronchitis, pulmonary embolism Skin: acne, oily skin, pigmentation changes, urticaria, pruritus, erythema nodosum, hemorrhagic eruption, skin hypertrophy, hirsutism, alopecia, erythema multiforme Other: edema, weight changes, increased appetite, hypersensitivity reaction, angioedema InteractionsDrug-drug. Corticosteroids: enhanced corticosteroid effects CYP450 inducers (such as barbiturates, rifampin): decreased estrogen efficacy Hypoglycemics, warfarin: altered requirement for these drugs Phenytoin: loss of seizure control Tamoxifen: interference with tamoxifen effects Tricyclic antidepressants: reduced antidepressant effects Drug-diagnostic tests. Antithrombin III, folate, low-density lipoproteins, pyridoxine, total cholesterol, urine pregnanediol: decreased values Cortisol; factors VII, VIII, IX, and X; glucose; high-density lipoproteins; phospholipids; prolactin; prothrombin; sodium; triglycerides: increased values Metyrapone test: false decrease Thyroid function tests: false interpretation Drug-food. Caffeine: increased caffeine blood level Drug-herbs. Black cohosh: increased risk of adverse reactions Red clover: interference with estrogen effects Saw palmetto: antiestrogenic effects St. John's wort: decreased drug blood level and effects Drug-behaviors. Smoking: increased risk of adverse cardiovascular reactions Patient monitoring• Monitor liver function test results and assess abdomen for enlarged liver. • Evaluate patient for breast tenderness and swelling. As needed, give analgesics and apply cool compresses. • Monitor fluid intake and output, and weigh patient daily. See Know that drug increases risk of thromboembolism, CVA, and MI. • Be aware that exogenous estrogens may induce or exacerbate symptoms of angioedema, particularly in women with hereditary angioedema. • Check serum phosphatase level in patients with prostate cancer. • Monitor calcium, glucose, and folic acid levels. • Evaluate bone density annually. Patient teachingSee Teach patient to recognize and report signs and symptoms of thromboembolism. See Caution patient not to take drug if she is or plans to become pregnant. • Tell patient to report breakthrough vaginal bleeding. • Recommend that patient have routine breast examinations. • As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs, tests, foods, herbs, and behaviors mentioned above. congest(kən-jĕst′)Patient discussion about congestQ. What Is the Treatment for Congestive Heart Failure? My mother is 76 years ols and has been suffering from a heart disease for many years. Lately she has developed congestive heart failure. How is this situation treated? Q. congestive heart failure how it works is it to do with fluid built up in your body Q. describe the symptoms of congestive heart failure congest
Synonyms for congest
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congest - become or cause to become obstructed; "The leaves clog our drains in the Fall"; "The water pipe is backed up"