Fouillée, Alfred Jules Emile

(älfrĕd` zhül āmēl` fo͞oyā`), 1838–1912, self-educated French philosopher and sociologist. Until 1875, when he retired, he was a teacher at various French universities. Fouillée regarded it as his particular work to "reconcile idealism and naturalism." To achieve this synthesis of Platonism and modern science he developed the conception of idées-forces, in which ideas are inseparable from action. This motor theory of consciousness makes ideas the agent of change and progress. Fouillée expanded this idea of self-consciousness into a metaphysics (L'Avenir de la metaphysique, 1889). In The Sphere of Sociology and Ethics he stressed the interdependence of the individual and society. Chief among his works are Critique des systemes de morale contemporaine (1883), L'Evolutionnisme des idées-forces (1890), and La Psychologie des idées-forces (1893).

Fouillée, Alfred Jules Émile

Born Oct. 18, 1838, in La Pouëze; died July 16, 1912, in Lyon. French philosopher and sociologist.

Fouillée taught philosophy at the Ecole Normale in Paris from 1872 to 1879. His eclectic metaphysics represented an attempt to unite different philosophical currents by the “method of reconciliation.” Fouillée conceived of such reconciliation as based on certain volitional mental states, which he called idées-forces; the masses’ understanding and recognition of these “thought forces” would lead to their implementation.

In his sociological views, Fouillée was a moderate organicist, viewing society in psychological terms as a “contractual organism” that does not exist independently of individuals. In the process of evolution the feeling of social solidarity develops together with personal consciousness, and their conjoined progress in its turn relates to the increasing dependence of social development on ideological factors as well as on the conscious will of society’s individual members. Fouillée considered the highest stage of evolution to be the complete unity of the social and the individual under advanced forms of contractual relationships. Fouillée’s views characterize him as a supporter of bourgeois liberalism.

WORKS

La Psychologie des idées-forces. Paris, 1893.
Les Eléments sociologiques de la morale. Paris, 1905.
La Morale des idées-forces. Paris, 1908.
In Russian translation:
Istoriia filosofii. Moscow, 1893.
Sovremennaia nauka ob obshchestve. Moscow, 1895.
Svoboda i neobkhodimost’. Moscow, 1900.

REFERENCES

Vvedenskii. A. I. Ocherk sovremennoi frantsuzskoi filosofii. Kharkov, 1894.
Kon, I. Pozitivizm v sotsiologii. Leningrad, 1964.
Guyau, A. La Philosophie et la sociologie d’A. Fouillée. Paris, 1913.

A. D. KOVALEV

单词	fouillée, alfred jules emile
释义	Fouillée, Alfred Jules Emile Fouillée, Alfred Jules Emile (älfrĕd` zhül āmēl` fo͞oyā`), 1838–1912, self-educated French philosopher and sociologist. Until 1875, when he retired, he was a teacher at various French universities. Fouillée regarded it as his particular work to "reconcile idealism and naturalism." To achieve this synthesis of Platonism and modern science he developed the conception of idées-forces, in which ideas are inseparable from action. This motor theory of consciousness makes ideas the agent of change and progress. Fouillée expanded this idea of self-consciousness into a metaphysics (L'Avenir de la metaphysique, 1889). In The Sphere of Sociology and Ethics he stressed the interdependence of the individual and society. Chief among his works are Critique des systemes de morale contemporaine (1883), L'Evolutionnisme des idées-forces (1890), and La Psychologie des idées-forces (1893). Fouillée, Alfred Jules Émile Born Oct. 18, 1838, in La Pouëze; died July 16, 1912, in Lyon. French philosopher and sociologist. Fouillée taught philosophy at the Ecole Normale in Paris from 1872 to 1879. His eclectic metaphysics represented an attempt to unite different philosophical currents by the “method of reconciliation.” Fouillée conceived of such reconciliation as based on certain volitional mental states, which he called idées-forces; the masses’ understanding and recognition of these “thought forces” would lead to their implementation. In his sociological views, Fouillée was a moderate organicist, viewing society in psychological terms as a “contractual organism” that does not exist independently of individuals. In the process of evolution the feeling of social solidarity develops together with personal consciousness, and their conjoined progress in its turn relates to the increasing dependence of social development on ideological factors as well as on the conscious will of society’s individual members. Fouillée considered the highest stage of evolution to be the complete unity of the social and the individual under advanced forms of contractual relationships. Fouillée’s views characterize him as a supporter of bourgeois liberalism. WORKS La Psychologie des idées-forces. Paris, 1893. Les Eléments sociologiques de la morale. Paris, 1905. La Morale des idées-forces. Paris, 1908. In Russian translation: Istoriia filosofii. Moscow, 1893. Sovremennaia nauka ob obshchestve. Moscow, 1895. Svoboda i neobkhodimost’. Moscow, 1900. REFERENCES Vvedenskii. A. I. Ocherk sovremennoi frantsuzskoi filosofii. Kharkov, 1894. Kon, I. Pozitivizm v sotsiologii. Leningrad, 1964. Guyau, A. La Philosophie et la sociologie d’A. Fouillée. Paris, 1913. A. D. KOVALEV
随便看	blood motes blood murmur blood muscular pump pacemaker blood-nerve barrier blood of christ mountains blood of ro blood of the lamb blood on the carpet blood orange blood oranges blood or body fluid blood, organ, and tissue banks blood osmolality blood oxidative stress blood oxygenation blood oxygen discharge rate blood oxygen level dependent blood oxygen level-dependent blood oxygen level dependent contrast blood oxygen level dependent imaging blood oxygen monitor blood-pancreatic juice barrier blood panel blood patch blood pattern analysis at crime scenes