| 释义 |
duality
du·al·i·ty D0408500 (do͞o-ăl′ĭ-tē, dyo͞o-)n. The quality or character of being twofold; dichotomy.duality (djuːˈælɪtɪ) n, pl -ties1. the state or quality of being two or in two parts; dichotomy2. (General Physics) physics the principle that a wave-particle duality exists in microphysics in which wave theory and corpuscular theory are complementary. The propagation of electromagnetic radiation is analysed using wave theory but its interaction with matter is described in terms of photons. The condition of particles such as electrons, neutrons, and atoms is described in terms of de Broglie waves3. (Mathematics) geometry the interchangeability of the roles of the point and the plane in statements and theorems in projective geometrydu•al•i•ty (duˈæl ɪ ti, dyu-)
n. a dual state or quality; dualism. [1350–1400; Middle English < Late Latin] Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | duality - being twofold; a classification into two opposed parts or subclasses; "the dichotomy between eastern and western culture"dichotomycategorisation, categorization, classification - a group of people or things arranged by class or category | | 2. | duality - (physics) the property of matter and electromagnetic radiation that is characterized by the fact that some properties can be explained best by wave theory and others by particle theorywave-particle dualityproperty - a basic or essential attribute shared by all members of a class; "a study of the physical properties of atomic particles"natural philosophy, physics - the science of matter and energy and their interactions; "his favorite subject was physics" | | 3. | duality - (geometry) the interchangeability of the roles of points and planes in the theorems of projective geometryexchangeability, fungibility, interchangeability, interchangeableness - the quality of being capable of exchange or interchangegeometry - the pure mathematics of points and lines and curves and surfaces |
dualitynoun dualism, dichotomy, polarity, doubleness, biformity, duplexity We live in a world of duality.TranslationsDuality
Duality (physics) The state of having two natures, which is often applied in physics. The classic example is wave-particle duality. The elementary constituents of nature—electrons, quarks, photons, gravitons, and so on—behave in some respects like particles and in others like waves. Duality is often used in a more precise sense. It indicates that two seemingly different, theoretical descriptions of a physical system are actually mathematically equivalent. Such an occurrence is very useful. Various properties and phenomena are clearer in one or the other of the descriptions, and calculations that are difficult or impossible in one description may be simple in the other. In the case of wave-particle duality, the wave description corresponds to a theory of quantized fields, where the field variables are governed by an uncertainty principle. The particle description corresponds to a Feynman integral over all particle paths in spacetime. The quantized-field and path integral theories sound very different but are mathematically equivalent, making identical predictions. See Feynman integral, Quantum field theory, Quantum mechanics, Uncertainty principle, Wave mechanics Weak-strong duality In some systems, there is weak-strong duality, meaning that when the coupling constant g of the original description is large that of the dual description, g′, is small; for example g′ = 1/g. When g is large, so the interactions in the original description are strong and the perturbation theory in this description is highly inaccurate, then perturbation theory in the dual description gives a very accurate description. Duality in superstring theory It is believed that a complete theory of all particles and interactions must be based on quantization of one-dimensional objects (loops) rather than points: this is superstring theory. In superstring theory there is again the problem that perturbation theory is the main tool, giving an incomplete description of the physics. The situation has greatly improved with the discovery that weak-strong duality is a general property of string theory. In fact, there are five known string theories, and all are dual to one another. A notable feature in string theory is that in addition to strings and solitons, duality requires certain other objects as well: D-branes, which are local disturbances to which strings become fixed. Remarkably, the same methods have also been used to solve some long-standing problems regarding the quantum mechanics of black holes. See Quantum gravitation;, Superstring theory duality
duality the dual aspect of each business transaction, in which something is given by a firm and something is received in return, for example, goods for cash in a cash sale. Both aspects of a transaction are recorded in DOUBLE ENTRY ACCOUNTS. See ACCOUNTING.duality
Synonyms for dualitynoun dualismSynonyms- dualism
- dichotomy
- polarity
- doubleness
- biformity
- duplexity
Synonyms for dualitynoun being twofoldSynonymsRelated Words- categorisation
- categorization
- classification
noun (physics) the property of matter and electromagnetic radiation that is characterized by the fact that some properties can be explained best by wave theory and others by particle theorySynonymsRelated Words- property
- natural philosophy
- physics
noun (geometry) the interchangeability of the roles of points and planes in the theorems of projective geometryRelated Words- exchangeability
- fungibility
- interchangeability
- interchangeableness
- geometry
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