| 释义 |
cross-examination
cross-ex·am·ine (krôs′ĭg-zăm′ĭn, krŏs′-)tr.v. cross-ex·am·ined, cross-ex·am·in·ing, cross-ex·am·ines 1. Law To question (a witness already questioned by the opposing side) regarding matters brought out during foregoing direct examination.2. To question (a person) closely, especially with regard to answers or information given previously.
cross′-ex·am′i·na′tion n.cross′-ex·am′in·er n.cross′-examina`tion
n. 1. the act of cross-examining: The attorney's cross-examination was particularly aggressive. 2. the state of being cross-examined: The witness collapsed under cross-examination. [1825–30] cross-examinationThe questioning by a lawyer of a witness who has already been questioned by the opposing side, especially with a view to discrediting the witness’s testimony.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  cross-examination - (law) close questioning of a hostile witness in a court of law to discredit or throw a new light on the testimony already provided in direct examinationinterrogatory, examination, interrogation - formal systematic questioningcross-question - a question asked in cross-examinationleading question - a question phrased in such a way as to suggest the desired answer; a lawyer may ask leading questions on cross-examinationlaw, jurisprudence - the collection of rules imposed by authority; "civilization presupposes respect for the law"; "the great problem for jurisprudence to allow freedom while enforcing order" |
Translationscross2 (kros) – plural ˈcrosses – noun1. a symbol formed by two lines placed across each other, eg + or x. 十字形 十字形2. two wooden beams placed thus (+), on which Christ was nailed. 耶穌被釘死在上面的十字架 耶稣被钉死在上面的十字架3. the symbol of the Christian religion. 十字架（基督教的標誌） 十字架（基督教的标识） 4. a lasting cause of suffering etc. Your rheumatism is a cross you will have to bear. 苦難 苦难5. the result of breeding two varieties of animal or plant. This dog is a cross between an alsatian and a labrador. （動植物）雜交 （动植物）杂交 6. a monument in the shape of a cross. 十字形紀念碑 十字架形碑7. any of several types of medal given for bravery etc. the Victoria Cross. 十字勛章 十字勋章 verb1. to go from one side to the other. Let's cross (the street); This road crosses the swamp. 越過 越过2. (negative uncross) to place (two things) across each other. He sat down and crossed his legs. 使交叉 使交叉3. to go or be placed across (each other). The roads cross in the centre of town. 穿過 穿过4. to meet and pass. Our letters must have crossed in the post. 錯過 错过5. to put a line across. Cross your `t's'. 劃線刪掉 在...上打叉（画线） 6. to make (a cheque or postal order) payable only through a bank by drawing two parallel lines across it. 在支票或匯票上畫兩條平行線（表示僅能由銀行兌付） 在支票上画平行线（表示仅能由银行兑付） 7. to breed (something) from two different varieties. I've crossed two varieties of rose. 雜交 杂交8. to go against the wishes of. If you cross me, you'll regret it! 阻撓 阻挠cross-1. going or placed across. cross-winds; cross-pieces. （前綴）交叉 （前缀）交叉 2. of mixed variety. a cross-breed. （前綴）雜交 （前缀）杂交 ˈcrossing noun1. a place where a road etc may be crossed. a pedestrian-crossing; a level-crossing. 十字路口 十字路口2. a journey over the sea. I was seasick as it was a very rough crossing. 渡海旅行 渡海旅行ˈcrossbow noun a medieval type of bow fixed to a shaft with a mechanism for pulling back and releasing the string. 十字弓 弩ˈcross-breed noun an animal bred from two different breeds. 雜種，混種 杂种ˈcross-bred adjective 雜種的，混種的 杂种的ˌcrossˈcheck verb to check information, calculations etc by using different sources or a different method. 多方查證，反覆核對 多方查证，反复核对 noun the act of crosschecking. 多方查證，反覆核對 多方查证，反复核对 cross-ˈcountry adjective across fields etc, not on roads. a cross-country run. 越野的 越野的ˌcross-country ˈskiing noun the sport of skiing with narrow skis across the countryside, through woods etc. 越野滑雪 越野滑雪ˌcross-exˈamine verb in a court of law, to test or check the previous evidence of (a witness) by questioning him. 盤問 盘问ˈcross-exˌamiˈnation noun 盤問 盘问ˌcross-ˈeyed adjective having a squint. 內斜視的，鬥雞眼的 内斜眼的，斗鸡眼的 ˈcross-fire noun the crossing of lines of gunfire from two or more points. 交火 交叉射击，交火 at cross-purposes of two or more people, confused about what they are saying or doing because of misunderstanding one another. I think we're talking at cross-purposes. 雞同鴨講 互相误解ˌcross-reˈfer verb to give a cross-reference (to). In this dictionary went is cross-referred to go. 參照 使相互参照ˌcross-ˈreference noun a reference from one part of a book, list etc to another, eg crept see creep. 參照 相互参照ˈcrossroads noun singular a place where two or more roads cross or meet. At the crossroads we'll have to decide which road to take. 交叉路口 交叉路口ˌcross-ˈsection noun1. (a drawing etc of) the area or surface made visible by cutting through something, eg an apple. 橫斷面 横断面2. a sample as representative of the whole. He interviewed a cross-section of the audience to get their opinion of the play. 典型，最具代表性的實例 典型（人物） crossword (puzzle) a square word-puzzle in which the blanks in a pattern of blank and solid checks are to be filled with words reading across and down, the words being found from clues. 填字遊戲 纵横填字字谜cross one's fingers to place a finger across the one next to it, for good luck. 祝好運 祝好运气（把食指与中指交叉，希望得到好运气） cross out to draw a line through. He crossed out all her mistakes. 劃線刪掉 一笔勾掉cross-examination
cross-examination: see evidenceevidence,
in law, material submitted to a judge or a judicial body to resolve disputed questions of fact. The rules discussed in this article were developed in England for use in jury trials.
..... Click the link for more information. .cross-examination
cross-examination (kros′ĕg-zam″ĭ-nā′shŏn) The interrogation of a witness by the opposing party in a legal dispute.cross-examine (-zam′ĭn) cross-examination
Related to cross-examination: direct examinationCross-ExaminationThe questioning of a witness or party during a trial, hearing, or deposition by the party opposing the one who asked the person to testify in order to evaluate the truth of that person's testimony, to develop the testimony further, or to accomplish any other objective. The interrogation of a witness or party by the party opposed to the one who called the witness or party, upon a subject raised during direct examination—the initial questioning of a witness or party—on the merits of that testimony. The scope of cross-examination is generally restricted to matters covered during direct examination. cross-examinationn. the opportunity for the attorney (or an unrepresented party) to ask questions in court of a witness who has testified in a trial on behalf of the opposing party. The questions on cross-examination are limited to the subjects covered in the direct examination of the witness, but importantly, the attorney may ask leading questions, in which he/she is allowed to suggest answers or put words in the witness' mouth. (For example, "Isn't it true that you told Mrs. Jones she had done nothing wrong?" which is leading, as compared to "Did you say anything to Mrs. Jones?) A strong cross-examination (often called just "cross" by lawyers and judges) can force contradictions, expressions of doubts, or even complete obliteration of a witness' prior carefully-rehearsed testimony. On the other hand, repetition of a witness' story, vehemently defended, can strengthen his/her credibility. (See: testimony, trial, direct examination, witness, credibility) cross-examination in court practice, the part of a case, whether civil or criminal, where evidence is elicited from the other side's witness. Thus, the defence will cross-examine the investigating police officers after the prosecutor has conducted the examination in chief It serves two functions: - (1) to test the veracity of the witness and the accuracy of the evidence;
- (2) to obtain evidence on points on which he has not been questioned in chief and which may support the cross-examiner's case. Failure to cross-examine on any matter generally implies acceptance of evidence on that point.
CROSS-EXAMINATION, practice. The examination of a witness, by the party who did not call him, upon matters to which he has been examined in chief.
2. Every party has a right to cross-examine a witness produced by his antagonist, in order to test whether the witness has the knowledge of the things he testifies and if, upon examination, it is found that the witness had the means and ability to ascertain the facts about which he testifies, then his memory, his motives, everything may be scrutinized by the cross- examination.
3. In cross-examinations a great latitude is allowed in the mode of putting questions, and the counsel may put leading questions. (q.v.) Vide further on this subject, and for some rules which limit the abuse of this right, 1 Stark. Ev,. 96; 1 Phil. Ev. 210; 6 Watts & Serg. 75.
4. The object of a cross-examination is to sift the evidence, and try the credibility of a witness who has been called and given evidence in chief. It is one of the principal tests which the law has devised for the ascertainment of truth, and it is certainly one of the most efficacious. By this means the situation of the witness, with respect to the parties and the subject of litigation, his interest, his motives, his inclinations and his prejudices, his means of obtaining a correct and certain knowledge of the facts to which he testifies the manner in which he has used those means, his powers of discerning the facts in the first instance, and of his capacity in retaining and describing them, are fully investigated and ascertained. The witness, however artful he may be, will seldom be able to elude the keen perception of an intelligent court or jury, unless indeed his story be founded on truth. When false, he will be liable to detection at every step. 1 Stark. Ev. 96; 1 Phil. Ev. 227; Fortese. Rep. Pref. 2 to 4; Vaugh. R. 143.
5. In order to entitle a party to a cross-examination, the witness must have been sworn and examined; for, even if the witness be asked a question in chief, yet if he make no answer, the opponent has no right to cross-examine. 1 Cr. M. & Ros. 95; 1 16 S. & R. 77; Rosc. Cr. Ev. 128; 3 Car. & P. 16; S. C. 14 E. C. L. Rep. 189; 3 Bouv. Inst. n. 3217. Formerly, however, the rule seems to have been different. 1 Phil. Ev. 211.
6. A cross-examination of a witness is not always necessary or advisable. A witness tells the truth wholly or partially, or he tells a falsehood. If he tells the whole truth, a cross-examination may have the effect of rendering his testimony more circumstantial, and impressing the jury with a stronger opinion of its truth. If he tells only a part of the truth, and the part omitted is favorable to the client of the counsel cross-examining, he should direct the attention of the witness to the matters omitted. If the testimony of the witness be false, the whole force of the cross-examination should be directed to his credibility. This is done by questioning him as to his means of knowledge, his disinterestedness, and other matters calculated to show a want of integrity or veracity, if there is reason to believe the witness prejudiced, partial, or willfully dishonest.Arch. Crim. Pl. 111. See Credible Witness. FinancialSeeCrosscross-examination
Related to cross-examination: direct examinationWords related to cross-examinationnoun (law) close questioning of a hostile witness in a court of law to discredit or throw a new light on the testimony already provided in direct examinationRelated Words- interrogatory
- examination
- interrogation
- cross-question
- leading question
- law
- jurisprudence
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