| 释义 |
civil
civ·il C0377100 (sĭv′əl)adj.1. Of, relating to, or befitting a citizen or citizens: civil duties.2. Of or relating to citizens and their interrelations with one another or with the state: government agencies concerned with civil affairs.3. Of ordinary citizens or ordinary community life as distinguished from the military or the ecclesiastical: married in a civil ceremony at city hall.4. Sufficiently observing or befitting accepted social usages; polite: a civil reply. See Synonyms at polite.5. Being in accordance with or denoting legally recognized divisions of time: a civil year.6. Law Relating to the rights of private individuals and legal proceedings concerning these rights as distinguished from criminal, military, or international regulations or proceedings.
[Middle English, from Latin cīvīlis, from cīvis, citizen; see civic.]
civ′il·ly adv.civil (ˈsɪvəl) adj1. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) of the ordinary life of citizens as distinguished from military, legal, or ecclesiastical affairs2. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) of or relating to the citizen as an individual: civil rights. 3. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) of or occurring within the state or between citizens: civil strife. 4. polite or courteous5. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) a less common word for civic6. (Human Geography) a less common word for civic7. (Law) of or in accordance with Roman law8. (Law) relating to the private rights of citizens[C14: from Old French, from Latin cīvīlis, from cīvis citizen] ˈcivilly adv ˈcivilness nciv•il (ˈsɪv əl)
adj. 1. of, pertaining to, or consisting of citizens: civil life; civil society. 2. of the commonwealth or state: civil affairs. 3. of the ordinary life and affairs of citizens, as distinguished from military and ecclesiastical life and affairs. 4. befitting a citizen: a civil duty. 5. of, or in a condition of, social order or organized government; civilized. 6. adhering to the norms of polite social intercourse: civil relations. 7. marked by benevolence: He was a very civil sort. 8. (of divisions of time) legally recognized in the ordinary affairs of life: the civil year. 9. of or pertaining to civil law. [1350–1400; Middle English < Latin cīvīlis=cīv(is) citizen + -īlis -ile2] civ′il•ness, n. Thesaurus| Adj. | 1. | civil - applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military; "civil authorities"civilian - associated with civil life or performed by persons who are not active members of the military; "civilian clothing"; "civilian life" | | 2. | civil - not rude; marked by satisfactory (or especially minimal) adherence to social usages and sufficient but not noteworthy consideration for others; "even if he didn't like them he should have been civil"- W.S. Maughampoliteuncivil, rude - lacking civility or good manners; "want nothing from you but to get away from your uncivil tongue"- Willa Cather | | 3. | civil - of or occurring within the state or between or among citizens of the state; "civil affairs"; "civil strife"; "civil disobedience"; "civil branches of government" | | 4. | civil - of or relating to or befitting citizens as individuals; "civil rights"; "civil liberty"; "civic duties"; "civic pride"civic | | 5. | civil - (of divisions of time) legally recognized in ordinary affairs of life; "the civil calendar"; "a civil day begins at mean midnight"sidereal - (of divisions of time) determined by daily motion of the stars; "sidereal time" | | 6. | civil - of or in a condition of social order; "civil peoples"civilised, civilized - having a high state of culture and development both social and technological; "terrorist acts that shocked the civilized world" |
civiladjective1. civic, home, political, domestic, interior, municipal This civil unrest threatens the economy.
civic state, military, religious2. polite, obliging, accommodating, civilized, courteous, considerate, affable, courtly, well-bred, complaisant, well-mannered He couldn't even bring himself to be civil to Pauline.
polite unpleasant, rude, unfriendly, impolite, ungracious, discourteous, uncivil, ill-manneredciviladjective1. Of, concerning, or affecting the community or the people:civic, national, public.2. Characterized by good manners:courteous, genteel, mannerly, polite, well-bred, well-mannered.Translationscivil (ˈsivl) adjective1. polite, courteous. 禮貌的，客氣的 有礼貌的，客气的 2. of the state or community. civil rights. 公民的 公民的3. ordinary; not military or religious. civil life. 一般人的，平民的 一般人的4. concerned with law cases which are not criminal. 民事的 民事的civilian (siˈviljən) noun a person who has a civil job, not in the armed forces. 老百姓 老百姓civility (siˈviləti) noun politeness. Treat strangers with civility. 禮貌 礼貌ˈcivilly adverb politely. 彬彬有禮地 彬彬有礼地ˌcivil deˈfence noun (American civil defense) the organization responsible for protection of civilians from enemy bombing etc and for rescue operations after such attacks. 民防單位 民防系统ˌcivil disoˈbedience noun a refusal by a large number of people to pay taxes or obey certain laws in a nonviolent way in order to protest against the government, its policies etc. 非暴力反抗 非暴力反抗civil engineerengineercivil liberties/rights the rights of a citizen according to the law of the country. 公民權 公民权civil servant a member of the civil service. 公務人員 文职人员civil service the organization which runs the administration of a state. 民政單位 行政机构civil war (a) war between citizens of the same state. the American Civil War. 內戰 内战civil
a civil question deserves a civil answerIf someone asks a reasonable question, then it warrants an answer. Often used as a reprimand. Why won't you answer me, Alice? A civil question deserves a civil answer! All Jim did was ask about your day. Come on, a civil question deserves a civil answer.See also: answer, civil, deserve, questionkeep a civil tongue in (one's) headTo speak kindly and politely. Please try to keep a civil tongue in your head the next time you talk to Mary, instead of arguing with her, OK?See also: civil, head, keep, tonguecivil serpentAn unhelpful or otherwise disagreeable bureaucrat. A humorous play on the phrase "civil servant"; serpents are typically depicted as evil or villainous. I can't deal with any more civil serpents—they just keep sending me from office to office.See also: civil, serpentkeep a civil tongue (in one's head)Fig. to speak decently and politely. Please, John. Don't talk like that. Keep a civil tongue in your head. John seems unable to keep a civil tongue.See also: civil, keep, tonguekeep a civil tongue in one's headSpeak politely, as in The teacher won't allow swearing; she says we must keep a civil tongue in our heads. This expression uses tongue in the sense of "a manner of speaking," a usage dating from the 1400s. An early cautionary version was "Keep a good tongue in your head, lest it hurt your teeth" (1595). See also: civil, head, keep, tonguekeep a civil tongue in your head speak politely and calmly, without rudeness.See also: civil, head, keep, tonguecivil serpent n. a civil servant. You have no idea the kinds of things “civil serpents” have to put up with. See also: civil, serpentcivil
civil1. of the ordinary life of citizens as distinguished from military, legal, or ecclesiastical affairs 2. of or relating to the citizen as an individual 3. of or occurring within the state or between citizens 4. a less common word for civic5. of or in accordance with Roman law 6. relating to the private rights of citizens Civil
Related to Civil: Civil servicesciviladj. 1) that part of the law that encompasses business, contracts, estates, domestic (family) relations, accidents, negligence, and everything related to legal issues, statutes, and lawsuits, that is not criminal law. In a few areas civil and criminal law may overlap or coincide. For example, a person may be liable under a civil lawsuit for negligently killing a pedestrian with his auto by running over the person and be charged with the crime of vehicular homicide due to his/her reckless driving. Assault may bring about arrest by the police under criminal law and a lawsuit by the party attacked under civil law. 2) referring to one's basic rights guaranteed under the Constitution (and the interpretations and statutes intended to implement the enforcement of those rights) such as voting, equitable taxation, freedom of speech, press, religion and assembly. Generally these are referred to as "civil rights" which have required constant diligence and struggle to ensure and expand, as in the Civil Rights movement between 1950 and 1980. Violation of one's civil rights may be a crime under Federal and/or state statutes. Civil rights include civil liberties. Civil liberties emphasize protection from infringement upon basic freedoms, while statutory rights are based on laws passed by Congress or state legislatures. (See: Civil liberties, civil rights) CIVIL. This word has various significations. 1. It is used in contradistinction to barbarous or savage, to indicate a state of society reduced to order and regular government; thus we speak of civil life, civil society, civil government, and civil liberty
2. It is sometimes used in contradistinction to criminal, to indicate the private rights and remedies of men, as members of the community, in contrast to those which are public and relate to the government; thus we speak of civil process and criminal process, civil jurisdiction and criminal jurisdiction.
3. It is also used in contradistinction to military or ecclesiastical, to natural or foreign; thus we speak of a civil station, as opposed to a military or ecclesiastical station, a civil death as opposed to a natural death; a civil war as opposed to a foreign war. Story on the Const. Sec. 789;1 Bl. Coin. 6, 125, 251; Montesq. Sp. of Laws, B 1, c. 3; Ruth. Inst. B. 2, c. 2; Id. ch. 3Id. ch. 8, p. 359; Hein. Elem. Jurisp. Nat. B. 2, ch. 6. LAW, CIVIL. The term civil law is generally applied by way of eminence to the civil or municipal law of the Roman empire, without distinction as to the time when the principles of such law were established or modified. In another sense, the civil law is that collection of laws comprised in the institutes, the code, and the digest of the emperor Justinian, and the novel constitutions of himself and some of his successors. Ersk. Pr. L. Scotl. B. 1, t. l, s. 9; 6 L. R. 494.
2. The Institutes contain the elements or first principles of the Roman law, in four books. The Digests or Pandects are in fifty books, and contain the opinions and writings of eminent lawyers digested in a systematical method, whose works comprised more than two thousand volumes, The new code, or collection of imperial constitutions, in twelve books; which was a substitute for the code of Theodosius. The novels or new constitutions, posterior in time to the other books, and amounting to a supplement to the code, containing new decrees of successive emperors as new questions happened to arise. These form the body of the Roman law, or corpus juris civilis, as published about the time of Justinian.
3. Although successful in the west, these laws were not, even in the lifetime of the emperor universally received; and after the Lombard invasion they became so totally neglected, that both the Code and Pandects were lost till the twelfth century, A. D. 1130; when it is said the Pandects were accidentally discovered at Amalphi, and the Code at Ravenna. But, as if fortune would make an atonement for her former severity, they have since been the study of the wisest men, and revered as law, by the politest nations.
4. By the term civil law is also understood the particular law of each people, opposed to natural law, or the law of nations, which are common to all. Just. Inst. l. 1, t. 1, Sec. 1, 2; Ersk. Pr. L. Scot. B. 1, t. 1, s. 4. In this sense it, is used by Judge Swift. See below.
5. Civil law is also sometimes understood as that which has emanated from the secular power opposed to the ecclesiastical or military.
6. Sometimes by the term civil law is meant those laws which relate to civil matters only; and in this sense it is opposed to criminal law, or to those laws which concern criminal matters. Vide Civil.
7. Judge Swift, in his System of the Laws of Connecticut, prefers the term civil law, to that of municipal law. He considers the term municipal to be too limited in its signification. He defines civil law to be a rule of human action, adopted by mankind in a state of society, or prescribed by the supreme power of the government, requiring a course of conduct not repugnant to morality or religion, productive of the greatest political happiness, and prohibiting actions contrary thereto, and which is enforced by the sanctions of pains and penalties. 1 Sw. Syst. 37. See Ayl. Pand. B. 1, t. 2, p. 6.
See, in general, as to civil law, Cooper's Justinian the Pandects; 1 Bl. Com. 80, 81; Encyclopedie, art. Droit Civil, Droit Romain; Domat, Les Loix Civiles; Ferriere's Dict.; Brown's Civ. Law; Halifax's Analys. Civ. Law; Wood's Civ. Law; Ayliffe's Pandects; Hein. Elem. Juris.; Erskine's Institutes; Pothier; Eunomus, Dial. 1; Corpus Juris Civilis; Taylor's Elem. Civ. Law. AcronymsSeeCCCcivil
Related to civil: Civil servicesSynonyms for civiladj civicSynonyms- civic
- home
- political
- domestic
- interior
- municipal
Antonymsadj politeSynonyms- polite
- obliging
- accommodating
- civilized
- courteous
- considerate
- affable
- courtly
- well-bred
- complaisant
- well-mannered
Antonyms- unpleasant
- rude
- unfriendly
- impolite
- ungracious
- discourteous
- uncivil
- ill-mannered
Synonyms for civiladj of, concerning, or affecting the community or the peopleSynonymsadj characterized by good mannersSynonyms- courteous
- genteel
- mannerly
- polite
- well-bred
- well-mannered
Synonyms for civiladj applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the militaryRelated Wordsadj not rudeSynonymsAntonymsadj of or relating to or befitting citizens as individualsSynonymsadj (of divisions of time) legally recognized in ordinary affairs of lifeAntonymsadj of or in a condition of social orderRelated Words |