cirrhosis of the liver
| Noun | 1. | cirrhosis of the liver - a chronic disease interfering with the normal functioning of the liver; the major cause is chronic alcoholism |
| 单词 | cirrhosis of the liver | |||
| 释义 | cirrhosis of the liver
Cirrhosis of the LiverCirrhosis of the Livera chronic progressive disease involving destruction of the liver substance and injury to all its structural elements, including the parenchyma (with the death of many cells and the proliferation of connective tissue), the interstitial tissue, the reticuloendothelial system, bile ducts, blood vessels, and the serous membrane. The disease is manifested in humans by functional insufficiency of the liver and portal hypertension; other organs and systems may be involved in the pathological process. The term “cirrhosis” was proposed by R. Laennec in 1819 to designate diseases in which the liver becomes tawny-colored, wrinkled, and compressed. The current understanding of the disease was arrived at by the Congress of Gastroenterologists that met in Havana in 1956. Classification is based on several features of the disease, including the cause, functional condition of the liver, and morphological picture of the lesions. Cirrhosis of the liver may be caused by infectious hepatitis or some other infectious disease, poisoning (including alcoholic intoxication), protein deficiency in the diet, and constitutional-genetic characteristics. It may also be caused by a combination of factors, and in many cases the etiology remains obscure (cryptogenic forms). Disturbance of intrahepatic circulation and autoimmune processes play an important part in the development of the disease. Morphological changes are produced by the inflammatory reaction, the proliferation of connective tissue, and the development of “nodules” of regenerating parenchyma. The clinical symptoms of cirrhosis of the liver vary with the form and stage of the disease. They may include weakness, emaciation, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, meteorism, enlargement of the liver and spleen, jaundice, ascites, fever, and bleeding. Vascular spiders, palmar erythema, strawberry tongue, clubbed fingers, gynecomastia, and encephalopathy may also occur. Laboratory tests reveal anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, an accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation reaction, abnormal proportions of plasma fractions, a high concentration of some enzymes, and a low potassium concentration. Death results mainly from hepatic coma or hemorrhages from dilated veins of the esophagus and stomach. Of considerable diagnostic importance are functional tests and instrumental methods of examination (laparoscopy, punch biopsy of the liver, scanning, angiography) to detect characteristic changes in the shape and color of the liver, to determine the exact morphological variant of the disease, and to establish the extent of activity of the process. Timely treatment can induce a remission or stabilize the patient’s condition. A regimen involving limited mental and physical stress and proper diet is indicated in compensated cirrhosis. If the process is active, chloroquines or corticosteroids, cytostatic agents, antilymphocyte globulin, diuretics, and other drugs are prescribed, as are injections of albumin, plasma, and protein hydrolysates. If intrahepatic cholestasis is pronounced, cholestyramine treatment may be warranted. Prevention of cirrhosis of the liver involves the control of diseases that may cause the disorder (mainly infectious hepatitis and alcoholism) and prompt treatment of acute and chronic hepatitis. REFERENCESTareev, E. M., and I. E. Tareeva. “Khronicheskie gepatity i tsirrozy,” In Mnogotomnoe rukovodstvo po vnutrennim bolezniam, vol. 5, Moscow, 1965. Pages 306–477.Bondar’, Z. A. Klinicheskaia gepatologiia. Moscow, 1970. Endemicheskii gepatit. Moscow, 1970. Osnovy gepatologii. Riga, 1975. Schiff, L. (ed.). Diseases of the Liver. Philadelphia-Toronto, 1969. The Liver and Its Diseases. Stuttgart, 1974. M. E. SEMENDIAEVA cirrhosis of the livercirrhosis of the liverThe late effects of long-term damage from various toxic or damaging agencies such as alcohol, organic poisons and viruses. Cirrhosis is the replacement of part of the normal tissue of the liver by inert, non-functioning fibrous tissue. It is the end stage of disorders which have been so damaging to the organ that the normal processes of regeneration have been unable to cope. The whole structure of the organ is invaded by fibrous tissue, causing it to become nodular. Within large nodules, some normal liver tissue may survive, but most of the functioning liver tissue is replaced. Blood now unable to pass through the liver has to try to find an alternative route back to the heart. It can do this by way of the veins draining the upper part of the intestine, especially those in the stomach and at the lower end of the gullet (OESOPHAGUS). But, in the process, these veins become greatly enlarged and varicose and one of the most serious complications of cirrhosis is bleeding from these VARICES with vomiting of blood. A study published in January 2006 showed that mortality rates from cirrhosis in Britain rose sharply in the 1990s and that the rates in Scotland more than doubled. These rises are attributed almost exclusively to excessive alcohol consumption.Cirrhosis of the liverPatient discussion about cirrhosis of the liverQ. What is Liver Cirrhosis? I read that alcohol can lead to liver cirrhosis. What does cirrhosis mean? Q. What are the risks of cirrhosis of liver? My dad has cirrhosis and I would like to know what are the risks and how does it get treated. Q. Is alcoholism very much related to cirrhosis? I have heard that people who drink a lot get cirrhosis….is alcoholism very much related to cirrhosis? cirrhosis of the liver
Synonyms for cirrhosis of the liver
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