| 单词 | djibouti | ||||||||||||
| 释义 | Djibouti Dji·bou·tiD0308500 (jĭ-bo͞o′tē)Djibouti(dʒɪˈbuːtɪ) orJiboutiDji•bou•ti(dʒɪˈbu ti)n.
DjiboutiDjibouti(jēbo͞otē`), town (1995 est. pop. 383,000), capital of the Republic of Djibouti, a port on the Gulf of Tadjoura (an inlet of the Gulf of Aden). It is the nation's only sizable town and its administrative center. Its importance results from the large transit trade it enjoys as a terminus of the railroad from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, to the sea and from its strategic position near the shipping lanes that carry the Suez Canal traffic. Activity at its port declined when the Suez Canal was closed (1967–75) after the Arab-Israeli War of 1967. Its rail lines were severely damaged by bombing during the Ethiopian civil war in 1977. The only important industry is the production of salt from the sea. There is a camel market in the town. Djibouti was founded by the French c.1888 and became the capital of French Somaliland in 1892. There was severe rioting in Djibouti in 1967 after the territory voted to retain its ties with France.Djibouti(jēbo͞otē`), officially Republic of Djibouti, republic (2015 est. pop. 828,000), c.8,900 sq mi (23,057 sq km), E Africa, on the Gulf of Aden. It is bounded by Eritrea (N), Ethiopia (W, S), Somalia (S), and the Gulf of Aden (E). DjiboutiDjibouti, town (1995 est. pop. 383,000), capital of the Republic of Djibouti, a port on the Gulf of Tadjoura (an inlet of the Gulf of Aden). It is the nation's only sizable town and its administrative center. ..... Click the link for more information. is the capital, largest city, and most significant port. Land and PeopleStrategically situated, Djibouti commands Bab el MandebBab el Mandeb EconomyDjibouti's economy is based on a number of service activities associated with its strategic location and its position as a free-trade zone. It is a major port for NE Africa, as well as an international transshipment and refueling center. Otherwise, the nation is largely economically underdeveloped and there is high unemployment. Nomadic pastoralism is a chief occupation; goats, sheep, and camels are raised. Fruits, vegetables, and dates are grown. With few natural resources (there are significant salt deposits), Djibouti's industry is mainly limited to food processing, construction, and shipbuilding and repair. The city of Djibouti is the terminus of the Addis Ababa–Djibouti RR; it and the port were modernized beginning in the late 1990s. The main exports are hides and skins, cattle, and coffee (transshipped from Ethiopia). Djibouti imports foods and beverages, transportation equipment, chemicals, and petroleum products. Its economic development depends largely on foreign investment and aid. The main trading partners are Somalia, Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, India, and China. GovernmentDjibouti is governed under the constitution of 1992, which provides for a president as the head of state and a prime minister as the head of government. The president is popularly elected for a six-year term and is eligible for a second term; the prime minister is appointed by the president. The unicameral Chamber of Deputies consists of 65 members, who are popularly elected for five-year terms. Administratively, the country is divided into six districts. HistoryFrance first obtained a foothold in the region in 1862. French interest centered around Djibouti, the French commercial rival to Aden. By 1896 it was organized as a colony and in 1946 it became a territory within the French UnionFrench Union, France officially recognized Djibouti's independence in 1977. In the three years that followed, the Afar and Issa-Somali communities struggled to obtain control over the government. In 1979, efforts were made to unite the two ethnic groups through the formation of the People's Progress Assembly (RPP). In 1981, Hassan Gouled Aptidon, president since independence, established the RPP as the only legal political party in the country. Despite its attempts at peacemaking, Djibouti has been adversely affected by warfare in and between neighboring Ethiopia and Somalia. Moreover, beginning in 1991, tensions between Afars and the Issa-dominated government resulted in an Afar rebellion. A reconciliation agreement was reached in 1994, but the last remaining rebel group signed a peace accord only in 2001. There also were border clashes with Eritrea during the mid-1990s. Djibouti was the base of operations for French forces during the Persian Gulf WarPersian Gulf Wars, In 1992 a constitution allowing for a limited multiparty state was approved by Djibouti's voters. In 1993, Gouled was reelected in the country's first multiparty elections, which were widely boycotted by the opposition. The 1999 presidential election was won by Ismaïl Omar GuellehGuelleh, Ismaïl Omar In June, 2008, fighting erupted briefly between Djibouti and Eritrea near the Bab el Mandeb; Djibouti had accused Eritrea of occupying Djiboutian territory there earlier in the year, and relations remained tense in subsequent months. In Jan., 2009, the UN Security Council demanded Eritrea to withdraw its forces from the disputed area, but Eritrea refused to comply; Djibouti had previously withdrawn. Under an agreement signed in June, 2010, that called for Qatar's emir to mediate between Djibouti and Eritrea, Eritrea withdrew from disputed areas it had occupied and Qatari peacekeepers were positioned there. Also in 2010, the constitution was amended to permit Guelleh to run for more than two terms, and he was reelected in 2011. The opposition, which had boycotted the 2008 legislative elections and the 2011 presidential election, fielded candidates in the 2013 legislative elections, but Guelleh's party claimed three fourths of the seats, leading to opposition charges of fraud and protests in the capital as well as an opposition boycott of the legislature that continued through 2014. Recurring droughts beginning in the second half of the 2000s had by 2014 devastated the subsistence pastoralism on which many of Djibouti's people had depended, leading to chronic malnutrition in nearly a third of the population. Due to the resulting population exodus from rural areas, some 85% of the population resided in the capital by 2014. Guelleh won a fourth term in a landslide in 2016; opposition candidates accused the government of fraud. In June, 2017, Qatar withdrew its peacekeepers from border regions disputed with Eritrea, which then occupied the areas. The president's party again dominated the legislative elections in 2018, winning seven eighths of the seats. BibliographyI. M. Lewis, Peoples of the Horn of Africa (1969); H. G. Marcus, The Modern History of Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa (1972); R. Tholomier, Djibouti: Pawn of the Horn of Africa (1981). Djiboutior Jibuti, a city, the administrative center of Somaliland (French Territory of the Afars and the Issas). Population, 61,500 (1969). Djibouti is a port with a freight turnover of up to 3 million tons a year on the southern shores of the Gulf of Tadjura, south of the straits of Bab el Mandeb. A transit point on sea routes leading through the Suez Canal, it serves the foreign trade of Ethiopia (85 percent of all cargo coming through the port), with whose capital it is linked by rail. Djibouti has an international airport; it exports coffee, oilseed, leather, and salts. There is a wharf, a liquid-gas plant, and a food industry. The city was founded in 1888 and became the permanent residence of the French colonial administration in 1896. By the Franco-Ethiopian agreement of Nov. 12, 1959, Djibouti was declared a free port for Ethiopian export and import. DjiboutiOfficial name: Republic of Djibouti Capital city: Djibouti Internet country code: .dj Flag description: Two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a red five-pointed star in the center Geographical description: Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia Total area: 8,450 sq. mi. (21,883 sq. km.) Climate: Desert; torrid, dry Nationality: noun: Djiboutian(s); adjective: Djiboutian Population: 496,374 (July 2007 CIA est.) Ethnic groups: Somali 60%, Afar 35%, other (including French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian) 5% Languages spoken: French (official), Arab (official), Somali, Afar Religions: Muslim 94%, Christian 6% Legal Holidays:
Djibouti, JiboutiDjibouti
Synonyms for Djibouti
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Djibouti - port city on the Gulf of Aden; the capital and largest city of Djibouti
Djibouti - a country in northeastern Africa on the Somali peninsula; formerly under French control but became independent in 1997