Caspar David Friedrich

Friedrich, Caspar David

(käs`pär dä`fēt frē`drĭkh), 1774–1840, German romantic landscape painter. After studying painting in Copenhagen he visited various scenic spots in Germany and chose to live in Dresden, where he remained until his death. Friedrich's melancholy and symbolic compositions were singular expressions of the significance of landscape and the insignificance of human beings within nature. His use of unusual, often eerie, light effects unified the mood of his works. His approach was a solitary one and his influence in his own time was not great, although he taught from 1816 until his death. Since the 1970s, however, his work has attracted great critical attention and it has influenced several contemporary German artists including Anselm KieferKiefer, Anselm
, 1945–, German painter, one of the major figures of neoexpressionism, b. Donaueschingen. He studied (1970) with Joseph Beuys, who heavily influenced his work.
..... Click the link for more information. and Gerhard RichterRichter, Gerhard
, 1932–, German painter, b. Dresden, studied Academy of Fine Arts, Dresden (1951–56) and Düsseldorf (1961–63). Widely considered one of the foremost painters of his generation, he lived for nearly 30 years in East Germany where, cut off
..... Click the link for more information. . Such works as Capuchin Friar by the Sea, Man and Woman Gazing at the Moon (both: Berlin), and Two Men Contemplating the Moon (c.1830, Metropolitan Mus. of Art, New York City) typically project his mystical and pantheistic attitude toward nature.

Bibliography

See studies by H. Börsch-Supan (1974), S. Rewald (2001), Werner Hofmann (2001), J. L. Koerner (2009), and J. Grave (2012).

Friedrich, Caspar David

Born Sept. 5, 1774, in Greifswald; died May 7, 1840, in Dresden. German landscape painter, representative of early romanticism.

Friedrich studied at the Academy of Arts in Copenhagen from 1794 to 1798. He then settled in Dresden, where he became an instructor at the Academy of Arts in 1816. His landscapes of southern Germany and the Baltic coast depict heavily forested wild cliffs and desert dunes, sometimes with one or two human figures disappearing into the distant horizon in a sunlit or moonlit fairytale setting. Friedrich reveals the uncontrolled power and endlessness of nature and the consonance of natural forces with the moods and impulses of the human soul. A sense of breaking through to the unknown is also conveyed. Friedrich’s landscapes are imbued with profound inspiration, joyous animation, penetrating sadness, or, frequently, remote melancholic contemplation. Stylistically they are distinguished by severity of line, precise rhythm of composition, delicate coloring, and rich chiaroscuro. Examples include Landscape With Rainbow (1809, State Art Collection, Weimar), The Stages of Life (c. 1815, Museum of Fine Arts, Leipzig), and Men Observing the Moon (1819–20, Picture Gallery, Dresden). At times Friedrich’s motifs take on symbolic overtones, and notes of sadness and loneliness develop into painful melancholy, a sense of the inevitable transitoriness of everything earthly, and the torpitude of a mystical trance. Such feelings are expressed in Mass in a Gothic Ruin (1819, National Gallery, Berlin), Cloister Graveyard in the Snow (1819, only a fragment is preserved), Shipwreck of the “Hope” in the Ice (1822, Kunsthalle, Hamburg), and Moonrise on the Sea (1823, Berlin Art Museums).

REFERENCES

Azadovskii, K. M. “Peizazh v tvorchestve K. D. Fridrikha.” In the collection Problemy romantizma, fasc. 2. Moscow, 1971.
Sumowski, W. Caspar David Friedrich-Studien. Wiesbaden, 1970.
Börsch-Supan, H., and K. W. Jahnig. Caspar David Friedrich. Munich, 1973.

单词	caspar david friedrich
释义	DictionarySeeFriedrich Caspar David Friedrich Friedrich, Caspar David (käs`pär dä`fēt frē`drĭkh), 1774–1840, German romantic landscape painter. After studying painting in Copenhagen he visited various scenic spots in Germany and chose to live in Dresden, where he remained until his death. Friedrich's melancholy and symbolic compositions were singular expressions of the significance of landscape and the insignificance of human beings within nature. His use of unusual, often eerie, light effects unified the mood of his works. His approach was a solitary one and his influence in his own time was not great, although he taught from 1816 until his death. Since the 1970s, however, his work has attracted great critical attention and it has influenced several contemporary German artists including Anselm KieferKiefer, Anselm , 1945–, German painter, one of the major figures of neoexpressionism, b. Donaueschingen. He studied (1970) with Joseph Beuys, who heavily influenced his work. ..... Click the link for more information. and Gerhard RichterRichter, Gerhard , 1932–, German painter, b. Dresden, studied Academy of Fine Arts, Dresden (1951–56) and Düsseldorf (1961–63). Widely considered one of the foremost painters of his generation, he lived for nearly 30 years in East Germany where, cut off ..... Click the link for more information. . Such works as Capuchin Friar by the Sea, Man and Woman Gazing at the Moon (both: Berlin), and Two Men Contemplating the Moon (c.1830, Metropolitan Mus. of Art, New York City) typically project his mystical and pantheistic attitude toward nature. Bibliography See studies by H. Börsch-Supan (1974), S. Rewald (2001), Werner Hofmann (2001), J. L. Koerner (2009), and J. Grave (2012). Friedrich, Caspar David Born Sept. 5, 1774, in Greifswald; died May 7, 1840, in Dresden. German landscape painter, representative of early romanticism. Friedrich studied at the Academy of Arts in Copenhagen from 1794 to 1798. He then settled in Dresden, where he became an instructor at the Academy of Arts in 1816. His landscapes of southern Germany and the Baltic coast depict heavily forested wild cliffs and desert dunes, sometimes with one or two human figures disappearing into the distant horizon in a sunlit or moonlit fairytale setting. Friedrich reveals the uncontrolled power and endlessness of nature and the consonance of natural forces with the moods and impulses of the human soul. A sense of breaking through to the unknown is also conveyed. Friedrich’s landscapes are imbued with profound inspiration, joyous animation, penetrating sadness, or, frequently, remote melancholic contemplation. Stylistically they are distinguished by severity of line, precise rhythm of composition, delicate coloring, and rich chiaroscuro. Examples include Landscape With Rainbow (1809, State Art Collection, Weimar), The Stages of Life (c. 1815, Museum of Fine Arts, Leipzig), and Men Observing the Moon (1819–20, Picture Gallery, Dresden). At times Friedrich’s motifs take on symbolic overtones, and notes of sadness and loneliness develop into painful melancholy, a sense of the inevitable transitoriness of everything earthly, and the torpitude of a mystical trance. Such feelings are expressed in Mass in a Gothic Ruin (1819, National Gallery, Berlin), Cloister Graveyard in the Snow (1819, only a fragment is preserved), Shipwreck of the “Hope” in the Ice (1822, Kunsthalle, Hamburg), and Moonrise on the Sea (1823, Berlin Art Museums). REFERENCES Azadovskii, K. M. “Peizazh v tvorchestve K. D. Fridrikha.” In the collection Problemy romantizma, fasc. 2. Moscow, 1971. Sumowski, W. Caspar David Friedrich-Studien. Wiesbaden, 1970. Börsch-Supan, H., and K. W. Jahnig. Caspar David Friedrich. Munich, 1973.
随便看	to set toset to set about to set abroach to set against to set agoing to set apart to set a sail to set a saw to set aside to set a sponge to set at naught to set by to set forth to set forward to set great store by to set in to set light by to set off to set on to set on a pedestal to set one's cap to set one's cap for to set one's heart at rest to set one's heart on