| 释义 |
completeness
com·plete C0528400 (kəm-plēt′)adj. com·plet·er, com·plet·est 1. Having all necessary or normal parts, components, or steps; entire: a complete medical history; a complete set of dishes.2. Botany Having all principal parts, namely, the sepals, petals, stamens, and pistil or pistils. Used of a flower.3. Having come to an end; concluded: The renovation of the kitchen is complete. 4. a. Absolute; thorough: complete control; a complete mystery.b. Accomplished; consummate: a complete musician.5. Football Caught in bounds by a receiver: a complete pass.tr.v. com·plet·ed, com·plet·ing, com·pletes 1. To bring to a finish or an end: She has completed her studies.2. To make whole, with all necessary elements or parts: A second child would complete their family. Fill in the blanks to complete the form.3. Football To throw (a forward pass) that is caught in bounds by a receiver.
[Middle English complet, from Latin complētus, past participle of complēre, to fill out : com-, intensive pref.; see com- + plēre, to fill; see pelə- in Indo-European roots.]
com·plete′ly adv.com·plete′ness n.com·ple′tive adj.Synonyms: complete, finish, close, end, conclude, terminate
These verbs mean to bring to a natural or proper stopping point. Complete and finish suggest the final stage in an undertaking: "Nothing worth doing is completed in our lifetime" (Reinhold Niebuhr)."Give us the tools, and we will finish the job" (Winston S. Churchill).
Close and end both imply bringing something ongoing to a conclusion: The band closed the concert with an encore. We ended the meal with fruit and cheese. End can also mean putting a stop to something, often with finality: "Many advocates say [putting] laptops in schools is a promising way to end the digital divide between the races" (Char Simons)."It left him more exposed than ever, forcing him to end the career he loved" (Molly Worthen).
Conclude is more formal than close and end: The author concluded the article by restating the major points. Terminate suggests reaching an established limit: The playing of the national anthem terminated the station's broadcast for the night. It also indicates the dissolution of a formal arrangement: The firm terminated my contract yesterday.Usage Note: Although complete is often held to be an absolute term like perfect or chief, and supposedly not subject to comparison, it is often modified by words like more and less in standard usage. As far back as 1965, a majority of the Usage Panel accepted the example His book is the most complete treatment of the subject. See Usage Note at absolute.Completeness - Fragmentary, like the text of a corrupt manuscript whose words have been effaced in the wind and rain —Arthur A. Cohen
- Completely as hydrogen mixes with oxygen to become water … the orange is part of the living animal —Daniela Gioseffi
- Incomplete as a circus without clowns —Elyse Sommer
- Incomplete … like cabbage with all the flavor boiled out —Richard Brookhiser, Wall Street Journal book review, April 1, 1987
The simile refers to an author’s effort to serve up election information without politics. - Playing cards without money is like a meal without salt —Bertold Brecht
- A store without merchandise to sell is like a library without books to read —Anon
See Also: BUSINESS - (The antismoking zealots never tell you these things … colds, weight gain can happen to you after kicking the habit.) They [people giving incomplete information] are like Karl Maiden, who is always telling you how happy American Express will be to replace your stolen traveler’s checks but never bothers to tell you that if their serial numbers are stolen too, you’re out of luck —Russell Baker, New York Times Magazine, September 21, 1986
Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | completeness - the state of being complete and entire; having everything that is neededintegrity, unity, wholeness - an undivided or unbroken completeness or totality with nothing wanting; "the integrity of the nervous system is required for normal development"; "he took measures to insure the territorial unity of Croatia"entireness, entirety, integrality, totality - the state of being total and complete; "he read the article in its entirety"; "appalled by the totality of the destruction"comprehensiveness, fullness - completeness over a broad scopeincompleteness, rawness - the state of being crude and incomplete and imperfect; "the study was criticized for incompleteness of data but it stimulated further research"; "the rawness of his diary made it unpublishable" | | 2. | completeness - (logic) an attribute of a logical system that is so constituted that a contradiction arises if any proposition is introduced that cannot be derived from the axioms of the systemlogicality, logicalness - correct and valid reasoninglogic - the branch of philosophy that analyzes inference |
completenessnounThe state of being entirely whole:entirety, integrity, oneness, totality, wholeness.Translationscomplete (kəmˈpliːt) adjective1. whole; with nothing missing. a complete set of Shakespeare's plays. 完整的 完整的2. thorough. My car needs a complete overhaul; a complete surprise. 完全的 完全的3. finished. My picture will soon be complete. 完成的 完成的 verb to finish; to make complete. When will he complete the job?; This stamp completes my collection. 完成 完成comˈpletely adverbI am not completely satisfied. 完全地 完全地comˈpleteness noun 完整性 完全comˈpletion (-ʃən) noun finishing or state of being finished. You will be paid on completion of the work. 完成 完成completeness
Completeness a property of a scientific theory that characterizes the sufficiency, for some specific purposes, of the theory’s expressive and/or deductive means. One aspect of the concept of completeness is functional completeness. As applied to a natural language, it is the informal property by virtue of which the language can be used to formulate any meaningful message that may be required for a particular purpose. For example, the English language is functionally complete with respect to the purposes that Shakespeare had in mind in writing Hamlet —assuming Shakespeare succeeded in fully realizing his design. But any of the living languages into which Hamlet has been translated is also complete in the same sense. The translation is itself evidence of this functional completeness. Similarly, in mathematics, a family of functions that belongs to some class of functions is complete with respect to this class and with respect to some fixed stock of permissible operations on the functions if any function of the class can be expressed in terms of functions of the given family by means of permissible operations. Thus, either of the functions sin x or cos x is a single-element class that is complete for all trigonometric functions with respect to the four arithmetic operations, squaring, and extraction of square roots. The three unit vectors along the coordinate axes form a complete class with respect to addition, subtraction, and multiplication by a real number for the set of all vectors of three-dimensional Euclidean space. The concept of functional completeness plays an important role in mathematical logic. All binary logical operations of a propositional calculus can be expressed in terms of conjunction and negation, disjunction and negation, implication and negation, or even the single operation of alternative denial (Sheffer stroke function). In other words, these families of logical connectives are all functionally complete classes of the operations of the algebra of logic. For logic and its applications to the deductive sciences, a no less significant role is played by the deductive completeness of axiomatic theories or, which is the same thing, of the systems of axioms on which the theories are based. The epithet “deductive” is usually omitted. Depending on the choice of the criterion for the sufficiency of the deductive means of a theory or formal calculus, some precise modification of the concept of deductive completeness is arrived at. In general, an axiomatic system is said to be (deductively) complete with respect to a given property or a given interpretation if all its formulas that have a given property or are true under the given interpretation are provable in it. This broad conception of deductive completeness, which is associated with the concept of truth, is obviously semantic, or meaning-oriented, in character. But in many cases the concept of deductive completeness can be defined in a purely syntactical, or formal, manner and can be made an object of study by meta-mathematical means. Such deductive completeness of a system is defined as follows: no formula that is unprovable in the system can be added to it as an axiom without making it inconsistent. This “absolute” completeness is in general stronger than semantic completeness; for example, predicate calculus, which is complete in the broad sense, is incomplete in the narrow. Incomplete axiom systems that permit of essentially different and nonisomorphic interpretations—such as group theory in abstract algebra or the theory of topological spaces—are of particular interest because of the richness and diversity of their applications owing to the various ways of supplementing a theory by appending various axioms. Still more important is the result published by K. Gödel in 1931: for sufficiently complex axiomatic theories—including the formal arithmetic of natural numbers and, especially, axiomatic set theory—the requirements of deductive completeness and consistency are incompatible. This startling discovery opened up a new era in the development of mathematicallogic; led to the recognition of the fundamental limitedness of the axiomatic method, which plays an important role in mathematical logic; and stimulated a search for new and, in a sense, more flexible theories of logic and mathematical logic and for new deductive tools. REFERENCESKleene, S. C. Vvedenie v metamatematiku. Moscow, 1957. Subsections 29, 32, 42, 72 (bibliography). (Translated from English.)
Novikov, P. S. Elementy matematicheskoi logiki. Moscow, 1959. Chapter 2, subsec. 10, ch. 3, subsec. 7, ch. 4, subsecs. 17, 19.MedicalSeecompleteFinancialSeeCompletecompleteness
Related to completeness: Completeness axiomSynonyms for completenessnoun the state of being entirely wholeSynonyms- entirety
- integrity
- oneness
- totality
- wholeness
Antonyms for completenessnoun the state of being complete and entireRelated Words- integrity
- unity
- wholeness
- entireness
- entirety
- integrality
- totality
- comprehensiveness
- fullness
Antonymsnoun (logic) an attribute of a logical system that is so constituted that a contradiction arises if any proposition is introduced that cannot be derived from the axioms of the systemRelated Words- logicality
- logicalness
- logic
|