| 释义 |
deviation
de·vi·a·tion D0179200 (dē′vē-ā′shən)n.1. a. The act of deviating or turning aside.b. An instance of this: "We made so many deviations up and down lanes ... that I was quite tired, and very glad, when we saw Yarmouth" (Charles Dickens).2. a. Divergence from an accepted idea, policy, or norm of behavior: "Freud, as the leader of a powerful new movement, could not bear much deviation from his own central ideas" (Joseph Epstein).b. An instance of this; an abnormality or departure from a norm: "Vice was a deviation from our nature" (Henry Fielding).3. Deflection of a compass needle caused by local magnetic influence, especially on a ship.4. Statistics The difference, especially the absolute difference, between one number in a set of data and the mean of that set of data.
de′vi·a′tion·ism n.de′vi·a′tion·ist adj. & n.Synonyms: deviation, aberration, divergence
These nouns mean a departure from what is prescribed or expected: tolerates no deviation from the rules; an act that represented an aberration from his usual behavior; a doctrine seen as a divergence from previous beliefs.deviation (ˌdiːvɪˈeɪʃən) n1. an act or result of deviating2. (Statistics) statistics the difference between an observed value in a series of such values and their arithmetic mean3. (Navigation) the error of a compass due to local magnetic disturbancesde•vi•a•tion (ˌdi viˈeɪ ʃən)
n. 1. the act of deviating. 2. departure from an accepted or established standard or norm. 3. the difference between one of a set of statistical values and some fixed value, usu. the mean of the set. 4. the error of a magnetic compass on a given heading as a result of local magnetism. [1375–1425; (< Middle French) < Medieval Latin] de·vi·a·tion (dē′vē-ā′shən) Mathematics The difference between one number in a set and the mean of the set.deviation1. The distance by which a point of impact or burst misses the target. See also circular error probable; delivery error; dispersion error; horizontal error.
2. The angular difference between magnetic and compass headings.deviationConduct departing from the norm. Specifically, it is used to describe sexual perversions, such as a fetish or sadism.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | deviation - a variation that deviates from the standard or norm; "the deviation from the mean"departure, difference, divergencevariation, fluctuation - an instance of change; the rate or magnitude of changevariance, variant, discrepancy - an event that departs from expectationsdriftage - the deviation (by a vessel or aircraft) from its intended course due to driftingflection, flexion, inflection - deviation from a straight or normal course | | 2. | deviation - the difference between an observed value and the expected value of a variable or functionstatistics - a branch of applied mathematics concerned with the collection and interpretation of quantitative data and the use of probability theory to estimate population parametersstatistic - a datum that can be represented numericallyoutlier - an extreme deviation from the meanmean deviation, mean deviation from the mean - the arithmetic mean of the absolute values of deviations from the mean of a distribution | | 3. | deviation - the error of a compass due to local magnetic disturbanceserroneousness, error - inadvertent incorrectness | | 4. | deviation - deviate behaviordevianceirregularity, abnormality - behavior that breaches the rule or etiquette or custom or morality | | 5. | deviation - a turning aside (of your course or attention or concern); "a diversion from the main highway"; "a digression into irrelevant details"; "a deflection from his goal"digression, divagation, diversion, deflexion, deflectionturning, turn - the act of changing or reversing the direction of the course; "he took a turn to the right"red herring - any diversion intended to distract attention from the main issue |
deviationnoun departure, change, variation, shift, alteration, discrepancy, inconsistency, disparity, aberration, variance, divergence, fluctuation, irregularity, digression Deviation from the norm is not tolerated.deviationnoun1. A departing from what is prescribed:aberration, departure, divergence, divergency, diversion.2. An instance of digressing:aside, digression, divagation, divergence, divergency, excursion, excursus, irrelevancy, parenthesis, tangent.3. The condition of being abnormal:aberrance, aberrancy, aberration, abnormality, anomaly, deviance, deviancy, irregularity, preternaturalness, unnaturalness.Translationsdeviate (ˈdiːvieit) verb to turn aside, especially from a right, normal or standard course. She will not deviate from her routine. 偏 偏离ˌdeviˈation noun 偏離 偏离Deviation
deviation[‚dēv·ē′ā·shən] (engineering) The difference between the actual value of a controlled variable and the desired value corresponding to the set point. (evolution) Evolutionary differentiation involving interpolation of new stages in the ancestral pattern of morphogenesis. (optics) The angle between the incident ray on an object or optical system and the emergent ray, following reflection, refraction, or diffraction. Also known as angle of deviation. (petroleum engineering) During a drilling operation, the inclination of the borehole from the vertical. (statistics) The difference between any given number in a set and the mean average of those numbers. Deviation in artillery, an accidental phenomenon not allowed for in the laws of dispersion, by which shells (bullets) veer away from the mean trajectory expected under the given firing conditions. Causes of deviation may be the mechanical disruption of the movement of the shell in the bore (for example, separation of the shell from the rifling grooves) or in the air (for example, a defect in the stabilizer fins or other parts), as well as a chance sharp change in weather conditions during the flight of the shell.
Deviation in biology, a variety of phylembryogenesis in which a change in the development of an organ arises in the middle stages of its formation and results in a change in the structure of the organ in the adult organism, compared with the same organ in its ancestors. For example, in the middle stages of development the epidermal part of the scale buds of reptiles undergoes keratinization, not ossification (as in sharks). The term “deviation” was introduced by the German scientist F. Müller (1864).
Deviation the most common measure of dispersion, that is, deviation from the mean, in mathematical statistics and theory of probability. In the statistical sense, deviation 
is the arithmetic mean of the squares of the deviations of the values Xi from their arithmetic mean 
In the theory of probability the deviation (variance) of a random variable X is called the expected value E(X - mx)2 of the square of the deviation of X from its expected value mx =E(X). The deviation of a random variable X is denoted by D(X) or by σ2). The square root of the deviation (that is, if the deviation is σ2) is called standard deviation. For a random variable X with continuous probability distribution, characterized by probability density p(x), deviation is calculated by the formula 
where 
The following theorem has great significance in the theory of probability: the deviation of the sum of independent terms is equal to the sum of their deviations. No less important is Chebyshev’s inequality, which allows us to evaluate the probability of large deviations of the random variable X from its expected value. REFERENCEGnedenko, B. V. Kurs teorii veroiatnostei, 5th ed. Moscow, 1969.deviation  i. The angular difference between a magnetic and a compass heading. It is a compass error caused by the compass magnet attempting to align with the aircraft's local magnetic field. The deviation error changes with the aircraft heading and the latitude. It is measured in degrees east (+) or west (−), depending on whether the north-seeking end of the compass needle lies to the east or west of magnetic north.
ii. The angle between the wind and the pressure gradient.
iii. In frequency modulation, the amount the carrier increases or decreases when modulated.
vi A departure from a current clearance, such as an off-course maneuver, to avoid bad weather or turbulence.
v A variation from set rules and regulations. Where specifically authorized in the regulation and requested by the pilot, ATC (air traffic control) may permit pilots to deviate from certain regulations.
vi. In flight, a sudden excursion from the normal flight path.
vii. The distance by which a weapon misses its target.deviation
deviation [de″ve-a´shun] 1. a turning away from the regular standard or course.2. in ophthalmology, strabismus.3. in statistics, the difference between a sample value and the mean.axis deviation an axis shift in the frontal plane, as seen on an electrocardiogram. There are three types: Left, from −30° to −90°; Right, from +90° to +180°; and Undetermined, which may be either extreme left or extreme right, from −90° to +180°.conjugate deviation dysfunction of the ocular muscles causing the two eyes to diverge to the same side when at rest.sexual deviation sexual behavior or fantasy outside that which is morally, biologically, or legally sanctioned, often specifically one of the paraphilias" >paraphilias.standard deviation (SD) the dispersion of a random variable; a measure of the amount by which each value deviates from the mean. It is equal to the square root of the variance. For data that have a normal distribution, about 68 per cent of the data points fall within (plus or minus) one standard deviation from the mean and about 95 per cent fall within (plus or minus) two standard deviations. Symbol σ.ulnar deviation a hand deformity, seen in chronic arthritis" >rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus, in which swelling of the metacarpophalangeal joints causes the fingers to become displaced to the ulnar side. Called also ulnar drift. See illustration. Ulnar deviation (ulnar drift) of the metacarpophalangeal joint, a characteristic sign of rheumatoid arthritis. From Pedretti and Early, 2001.de·vi·a·tion (dē'vē-ā'shŭn), 1. A turning away or aside from the normal point or course. 2. An abnormality. 3. In psychiatry and the behavioral sciences, a departure from an accepted norm, role, or rule. Synonym(s): deviance4. A statistical measure representing the difference between an individual value in a set of values and the mean value in that set. [L. devio, to turn from the straight path, fr. de, from, + via, way] deviation Vox populi A departure from a norm. See Septal deviation, Standard deviation. de·vi·a·tion (dē'vē-ā'shŭn) 1. A turning away or aside from the normal point or course. 2. An abnormality. 3. psychiatry, behavioral sciences A departure from an accepted norm, role, or rule.
Synonym(s): deviance. 4. statistics A measurement representing the difference between an individual value in a set of values and the mean value in that set. [L. devio, to turn from the straight path, fr. de, from, + via, way]deviation See SEXUAL DEVIATIONdeviation1. In strabismus, the departure of the visual axis of one eye from the point of fixation. 2. A change in direction of a light ray resulting from reflection or refraction at an optical surface.angle of d. See angle of deviation.
conjugate deviation The simultaneous and equal rotations of the eyes in any direction. It may be physiological such as versions, or pathological, due to either muscular spasm or paralysis. See disjunctive movements; version.
dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) A form of strabismus in which one eye apparently moves vertically without any compensatory movement from the other eye. Although initially felt to disobey Hering's law, it is now felt that Hering's law is observed if the horizontal, vertical and rotational aspects of the condition are considered together. This form of strabismus often accompanies infantile esotropia and is almost always noted from the period of infancy. The misalignment can be either latent or manifest, and may require operative intervention if of a great degree. See Faden procedure; Bielschowsky's phenomenon test.
Hering-Hillebrand deviation The deviation of the apparent frontoparallel plane horopter from the Vieth-Müller circle (horopter) (Fig. D2).
minimum deviation of a prism See minimum deviation of a prism.
primary deviation The deviation found in paralysis of an extraocular muscle when the unaffected eye is fixating.
secondary deviation The deviation found in paralysis of an extraocular muscle when the eye with the paralytic muscle is fixating.
skew deviation A form of strabismus, typically vertical, that does not follow any standard or typical pattern and is usually difficult to quantify. It may be due to a midbrain disorder, multiple sclerosis or myasthenia gravis.
vertical deviation 1. Type of ocular deviation found in strabismus in which the deviating eye is rotated upward with respect to the fixating eye. 2. Upward ocular deviation of an occluded eye in the cover test, as found in hyperphoria or hypophoria. " > Fig. D2 Hering-Hillebrand deviation H-H (AFPP, apparent frontoparallel plane horopter); V-M (Vieth-Müller circle; X, fixation point)de·vi·a·tion (dē'vē-ā'shŭn) 1. A turning away or aside from the normal point or course. 2. An abnormality. [L. devio, to turn from the straight path, fr. de, from, + via, way]deviation
Related to deviation: standard deviation, Average deviationdeviation departure from the route that a carrier has expressly or impliedly agreed to follow. Deviation without reasonable justification (e.g. to save life or property) amounts to a repudiation of the contract by the carrier (see COMMON CARRIER).DEVIATION, insurance, contracts. A voluntary departure, without necessity, or any reasonable cause, from the regular and usual course of the voyage insured.
2. From the moment this happens, the voyage is changed, the contract determined, and the insurer discharged from all subsequent responsibility. By the contract, the insurer only runs the risk of the contract agreed upon, and no other; and it is, therefore, a condition implied in the policy, that the ship shall proceed to her port of destination by the. shortest and safest course, and on no account to deviate from that course, but in cases of necessity. 1 Mood. & Rob. 60; 17 Ves. 364; 3 Bing. 637; 12 East, 578.
3. The effect of a deviation is not to vitiate or avoid the policy, but only to determine the liability of the underwriters from the time of the deviation. If, therefore, the ship or goods, after the voyage has commenced, receive damage, then the ship deviates, and afterwards a loss happen, there, though the insurer is discharged from the time of the deviation, and is not answerable for the subsequent loss, yet he is bound to make good the damage sustained previous to the deviation. 2 Lord Raym. 842 2 Salk. 444.
4. But though he is thus discharged from subsequent responsibility, he is entitled to retain the whole premium. Dougl. 271; 1 Marsh. Ins. 183; Park. Ins. 294. See 2 Phil. Ev. 60, n. (b) where the American cases are cited.
5. What amounts to a deviation is not easily defined, but a departure from the usual course of the voyage, or remaining at places where the ship is authorized to touch, longer than necessary, or doing there what the insured is not authorized to do; as, if the ship have merely liberty to touch at a point, and the insured stay there to trade, or break bulk, it is a deviation. 4 Dall. 274 1 Peters' C. C. R. 104; Marsh. Ins. B. 1, c. 6, s. 2. By the course of the voyage is not meant the shortest course the ship can take from her port of departure to her port of destination, but the regular and customary track, if such there be, which long us usage has proved to be the safest and most convenient. 1 Marsh. Ins. 185. See 3 Johns. Cas. 352; 7 T. R. 162.
6. A deviation that will discharge the insurer, must be a voluntary departure from the usual course of the voyage insured, and not warranted by any necessity. If a deviation can be justified by necessity, it will not affect the contract; and necessity will justify a deviation, though it proceed from a cause not insured against. The cases of necessity which are most frequently adduced to justify a departure from the direct or usual course of the voyage, are, 1st. Stress of weather. 2d. The want of necessary repairs. 3d. Joining convoy. 4th. Succouring ships in distress. 5th. Avoiding capture or detention. 6th. Sickness of the master or mariner. 7th. Mutiny of the crew. See Park, Ins. c. 17; 1 Bouv. Inst. n. 1187, et seq.; 2 John. Cas. 296; 11 Johns. R. 241; Pet. C. C. R. 98; 2 Johns. Rep. 89; 14 Johns. R. 315; 2 Johns. R. 138; 9 Johns. R. 192; 8 Johns. Rep. 491; 13 Mass. 68 13 Mass. 539; Id. 118; 14 Mass. 12 1 Johns. Cas. 313; 11 Johns. R. 241; 3 Johns. R. 352; 10 Johns. R. 83; 1 Johns. R. 301; 9 Mass. 436, 447; 3 Binn. 457 7 Mass. 349; 5 Mass. 1; 8 Mass. 308 6 Mass. 102 121 6 Mass. 122 7 Cranch, 26; Id. 487; 3 Wheat. 159 7 Mass. 365; 10 Mass. 21 Id. 347 7 Johns. Rep. 864; 3 Johns. R. 352; 4 Dall. R. 274 5 Binn. 403; 2 Serg. & Raw. 309; 2 Cranch, 240. DEVIATION, contracts. When a plan has been adopted for a building, and in the progress of the work a change has been made from the original plan, the change is called a deviation.
2. When the contract is to build a house according to the original plan, and a deviation takes place, the contract shall be traced as far as possible, and the additions, if any have been made, shall be paid for according to the usual rate of charging. 3 Barn. & Ald. 47; and see 1 Ves. jr. 60; 10 Ves. jr. 306; 14 Ves. 413; 13 Ves. 73; Id. 81 6 Johns. Ch. R. 38; 3 Cranch, 270; 5 Cranch, 262; 3 Ves. 693; 7 Ves. 274; Chit. Contr. 168; 9 Pick. 298.
3. The Civil Code of Louisiana, art. 2734, provides, that when an architect or other workman has undertaken the building of a house by the job, according to a plot agreed on between him and the owner of the ground, he cannot claim an increase of the price agreed on, on the plea of the original plot having been changed and extended, unless he can prove that such changes have been made in compliance with the wishes of the proprietor. FinancialSeeAxisSee DVI
See DEVdeviation
Related to deviation: standard deviation, Average deviationSynonyms for deviationnoun departureSynonyms- departure
- change
- variation
- shift
- alteration
- discrepancy
- inconsistency
- disparity
- aberration
- variance
- divergence
- fluctuation
- irregularity
- digression
Synonyms for deviationnoun a departing from what is prescribedSynonyms- aberration
- departure
- divergence
- divergency
- diversion
noun an instance of digressingSynonyms- aside
- digression
- divagation
- divergence
- divergency
- excursion
- excursus
- irrelevancy
- parenthesis
- tangent
noun the condition of being abnormalSynonyms- aberrance
- aberrancy
- aberration
- abnormality
- anomaly
- deviance
- deviancy
- irregularity
- preternaturalness
- unnaturalness
Synonyms for deviationnoun a variation that deviates from the standard or normSynonyms- departure
- difference
- divergence
Related Words- variation
- fluctuation
- variance
- variant
- discrepancy
- driftage
- flection
- flexion
- inflection
noun the difference between an observed value and the expected value of a variable or functionRelated Words- statistics
- statistic
- outlier
- mean deviation
- mean deviation from the mean
noun the error of a compass due to local magnetic disturbancesRelated Wordsnoun deviate behaviorSynonymsRelated Wordsnoun a turning aside (of your course or attention or concern)Synonyms- digression
- divagation
- diversion
- deflexion
- deflection
Related Words |