ascariasis
as·ca·ri·a·sis
A0452100 (ăs′kə-rī′ə-sĭs)ascariasis
(ˌæskəˈraɪəsɪs)as•ca•ri•a•sis
(ˌæs kəˈraɪ ə sɪs)n.
| Noun | 1. |  ascariasis - infestation of the human intestine with Ascaris roundworms |
| 单词 | ascariasis | |||
| 释义 | ascariasisas·ca·ri·a·sisA0452100 (ăs′kə-rī′ə-sĭs)ascariasis(ˌæskəˈraɪəsɪs)as•ca•ri•a•sis(ˌæs kəˈraɪ ə sɪs)n.
Ascariasisascariasis[‚as·kə′rī·ə·səs]Ascariasisa helminthiasis of man and swine caused by infestation of the organism by the roundworms (nematodes) of the family Ascaridae. Ascariasis is prevalent all over the world except in desert regions and permafrost zones. The chief source of ascariasis infestation is soil contaminated with human excrement. Ascariasis in humans. The eggs of ascarids are transmitted by dirty hands, unwashed vegetables, fruits, berries, and the like; flies transmit them mechanically. The disease has two phases: the early stage (migration of the larvae) and the later, or intestinal, stage (parisitization of the intestine by ascarids). In the first stage, changes in the lungs and liver are observed; coughing appears; sometimes bronchitis, pneumonia, or urticaria may develop. The second phase is most often characterized by gastrointestinal upsets, headaches, irritability, restless sleep, and decreased physical and mental activity. Ascarids may cause intestinal obstruction and a number of other complications. Diagnosis of ascariasis is confirmed by discovery of ascarid eggs in the feces of the patient. The treatment includes anthelminthic drugs, oxygen, and so on. The prophylaxis consists in observing the rules of personal hygiene (washing hands before eating, carefully washing vegetables, fruits, and berries with clean water, and protecting food from dust and flies). It is especially necessary to protect children from ascariasis, since they are more easily infected and more seriously affected. Public prophylaxis consists of installing sewer systems, water conduits, and lavatories with all the amenities. A. I. KROTOV Ascariasis in swine. Ascariasis in swine is observed in shoats two to six months old. Alternation of diarrhea and constipation is observed in infected pigs. They grow thin and are retarded in growth; in severe infestations convulsions and paralysis are observed. Accumulation of ascarids in the intestine may cause its wall to rupture. Treatment is aimed at the destruction and expulsion (dehelminthization) of the parasites from the pigs’ intestines by anthelminthic drugs. Prophylaxis consists of installing solid floors in pigsties and pasture areas and carefully cleaning the premises. On farms that are not prospering because of ascariasis, regular dehelminthization of the entire swine population is conducted in the spring and autumn. REFERENCESLeikina, E. S. Vazhneishie gel’mintozy cheloveka, [3rd ed.]. Moscow, 1967.Pod”iapol’skaia, V. P., and V. F. Kapustin. Glistnye bolezni cheloveka, 3rd ed. Moscow, 1958. Shevtsov, A. A. Veterinarnaia parazitologiia. Moscow, 1965. Moskalev, B. S. “Askaridoz.” In Veterinarnaia entsiklopediia, vol. 1. Moscow, 1968. ascariasisascariasis[as″kah-ri´ah-sis]Ascaris infection may go unsuspected until a worm is passed in the stool. But there may be colic or other abdominal symptoms, and occasionally the worms are vomited during their passage through the esophagus. In children, “wandering worms” may emerge through the skin near the navel, and in adults, near the groin. Infected children usually are thin because the worms consume vital nutrients and inhibit the digestion of proteins. Loss of appetite and angioneurotic edema are common, and the face may be swollen. Accurate diagnosis of the presence and extent of Ascaris infection usually depends on the detection of eggs in a stool sample examined microscopically. Treatment involves the use of medications such as mebendazole or pyrantel. to destroy and expel the parasites, and is completely successful in nearly every case. Prevention of Ascaris infection depends primarily on the sanitary disposal of human feces and discontinuing their use as fertilizer. Also important are the thorough washing of hands before food is prepared, and the careful cleaning and cooking of possibly infected foods. as·ca·ri·a·sis(as'kă-rī'ă-sis), Do not confuse this word with acariasis.ascariasis(ăs′kə-rī′ə-sĭs)ascariasisInfestation by the nematode Ascaris lumbricoides.Epidemiology Infection occurs after ingesting eggs in contaminated food or, more commonly, is carried to mouth by the hands after contact with contaminated soil. After an early pulmonary phase (larval migration), worms stay in the intestine. Clinical findings Often asymptomatic. Clinical findings, larval migration to lungs Wheezing, cough, chest pain, dyspnoea, pneumonitis at time of transpulmonary migration. Clinical findings, larval migration elsewhere Conjunctivitis, fever, seizures, rash. Clinical findings with mature worms Abdominal colic, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, anal pruritus, weight loss, diarrhoea, malabsorption. Management Mebendazole, piperazine. ascariasisInfectious disease Infection by a nematode, Ascaris lumbricoides Epidemiology Infection occurs after ingesting eggs in contaminated food or more commonly, carried to mouth by hands after contact with contaminated soil; after an early pulmonary phase–larval migration, worms stay in the intestine Clinical Asymptomatic; pneumonitis at time of transpulmonary migration; diarrhea, abdominal colic Management Mebendazole, pyrantel pamoateas·ca·ri·a·sis, ascaridiasis , ascaridosis , ascariosis (askă-rīă-sis, -ri-dīă-sis, -ri-dōsis, -rē-ōsis)ascariasisInfestation with the roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides which lives, often in considerable numbers, in the small intestine.ascariasis
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