Chuval

an open hearth that was placed against a wall and had a straight flue mounted above it. The chuval was used until the 1920’s and 1930’s by certain peoples of, for example, Siberia (the Yakuts, the Khanty, and the Mansi) and the Volga Region (the Bashkirs). The hearth was constructed of unhewn stones or of clay-coated logs. The flue consisted of thin clay-coated poles and was topped by a chimney.