| 释义 |
bound
bound 1 B0420000 (bound)intr.v. bound·ed, bound·ing, bounds 1. To leap forward or upward; jump; spring: The dog bounded over the gate.2. To move forward by leaps or springs: The deer bounded into the woods.3. To spring back from a surface; rebound: The basketball bounded off the backboard.n.1. A leap; a jump: The deer was away in a single bound.2. A springing back from a surface after hitting it; a bounce: caught the ball on the bound.
[French bondir, to bounce, from Old French, to resound, perhaps from Vulgar Latin *bombitīre, from Latin bombitāre, to hum, from bombus, a humming sound, from Greek bombos.]
bound 2 B0420000 (bound)n.1. often bounds A boundary; a limit: Our joy knew no bounds. Your remarks exceed the bounds of reason.2. bounds The territory on, within, or near limiting lines: the bounds of the kingdom.v. bound·ed, bound·ing, bounds v.tr.1. To set a limit to; confine: a high wall that bounded the prison yard; lives that were bounded by poverty.2. To constitute the boundary or limit of: a city park that was bounded by busy streets.3. To identify the boundaries of; demarcate.v.intr. To border on another place, state, or country.Idioms: in/within bounds Sports Within the boundary of a playing field or court and therefore in play or legal. out of bounds1. Sports Outside the boundary of a playing field or court and therefore not in play or legal.2. Outside the boundary of where one is allowed to be; in a forbidden or unauthorized place: The research lab is out of bounds for first-year students.3. In violation of acceptable rules or standards, as of decency: felt the guest's behavior was out of bounds.
[Middle English, from Old French bodne, bonde and Anglo-Norman bunde, both from Medieval Latin bodina, of Celtic origin.]
bound 3 B0420000 (bound)v.Past tense and past participle of bind.adj.1. Confined by bonds; tied: bound hostages.2. Being under legal or moral obligation: bound by my promise.3. Equipped with a cover or binding: bound volumes.4. Predetermined; certain: We're bound to be late.5. Determined; resolved: Many public policy students are bound to be politicians one day.6. Linguistics Being a form, especially a morpheme, that cannot stand as an independent word, such as a prefix or suffix.7. Constipated.
bound 4 B0420000 (bound)adj. Headed or intending to head in a specified direction: commuters bound for home; a south-bound train.
[Alteration of Middle English boun, ready, from Old Norse būinn, past participle of būa, to get ready; see bheuə- in Indo-European roots.]bound (baʊnd) vb the past tense and past participle of bindadj1. in bonds or chains; tied with or as if with a rope: a bound prisoner. 2. (in combination) restricted; confined: housebound; fogbound. 3. (postpositive; foll by an infinitive) destined; sure; certain: it's bound to happen. 4. (often foll by: by) compelled or obliged to act, behave, or think in a particular way, as by duty, circumstance, or convention5. (Printing, Lithography & Bookbinding) (of a book) secured within a cover or binding: to deliver bound books. See also half-bound6. (foll by: on) US resolved; determined: bound on winning. 7. (Phonetics & Phonology) linguistics a. denoting a morpheme, such as the prefix non-, that occurs only as part of another word and not as a separate word in itself. Compare free21b. (in systemic grammar) denoting a clause that has a nonfinite predicator or that is introduced by a binder, and that occurs only together with a freestanding clause. Compare freestanding8. (Logic) logic (of a variable) occurring within the scope of a quantifier that indicates the degree of generality of the open sentence in which the variable occurs: in (x) (Fx → bxy), x is bound and y is free. See free229. bound up with closely or inextricably linked with: his irritability is bound up with his work. 10. I'll be bound I am sure (something) is true
bound (baʊnd) vb1. to move forwards or make (one's way) by leaps or jumps2. to bounce; spring away from an impactn3. a jump upwards or forwards4. by leaps and bounds with unexpectedly rapid progess: her condition improved by leaps and bounds. 5. a sudden pronounced sense of excitement: his heart gave a sudden bound when he saw her. 6. a bounce, as of a ball[C16: from Old French bond a leap, from bondir to jump, resound, from Vulgar Latin bombitīre (unattested) to buzz, hum, from Latin bombus booming sound]
bound (baʊnd) vb1. (tr) to place restrictions on; limit2. (when: intr, foll by on) to form a boundary of (an area of land or sea, political or administrative region, etc)n3. (Mathematics) maths a. a number which is greater than all the members of a set of numbers (an upper bound), or less than all its members (a lower bound). See also bounded1b. more generally, an element of an ordered set that has the same ordering relation to all the members of a given subsetc. whence, an estimate of the extent of some set4. See bounds[C13: from Old French bonde, from Medieval Latin bodina, of Gaulish origin]
bound (baʊnd) adja. (often foll by: for) going or intending to go towards; on the way to: a ship bound for Jamaica; homeward bound. b. (in combination): northbound traffic. [C13: from Old Norse buinn, past participle of būa to prepare]bound1 (baʊnd)
v. 1. pt. and pp. of bind. adj. 2. tied; in bonds: a bound prisoner. 3. confined to or by something: bound to one's desk. 4. made fast as if by a band or bond. 5. secured within a cover, as a book. 6. under a legal or moral obligation. 7. destined or certain: It is bound to happen. 8. determined: He is bound to go. 9. constipated. 10. held with another element or material in chemical or physical union. 11. (of a linguistic form) occurring only in combination with other forms, never by itself, as most affixes: The -edin seated is a bound form. Compare free (def. 31). 12. (of a variable in logic) occurring within the scope of a quantifier. Compare free (def. 28). bound′ness, n. bound2 (baʊnd)
v. 1. to move by leaps; spring. 2. to rebound; bounce. n. 3. a leap onward or upward; jump. 4. a rebound; bounce. [1545–55; < Middle French bond a leap, bondir to leap] bound′ing•ly, adv. bound3 (baʊnd)
n. 1. Usu., bounds. limit or boundary: within the bounds of reason. 2. something that limits, confines, or restrains. 3. bounds, a. territories on or near a boundary. b. land within boundary lines. 4. a number greater than or equal to, or less than or equal to, all the numbers in a given set: greatest lower bound. v.t. 5. to limit by or as if by bounds. 6. to form the boundary or limit of. 7. to name or list the boundaries of. v.i. 8. to abut. Idioms: out of bounds, a. beyond the official boundaries, prescribed limits, or restricted area. b. forbidden; prohibited. [1175–1225; Middle English bounde < Anglo-French; Old French bone, bonde, variant of bodne < Medieval Latin budina, of uncertain orig.; compare bourn2] bound′a•ble, adj. bound4 (baʊnd)
adj. 1. going or intending to go; destined (usu. fol. by for): The train is bound for Denver. 2. Archaic. prepared; ready. [1150–1200; Middle English b(o)un ready < Old Norse būinn, past participle of būa to get ready] -bound1 , a combining form of bound1: snowbound. -bound2 , a combining form of bound4: eastbound. bound1. In land warfare, a single movement, usually from cover to cover, made by troops often under enemy fire.
2. (DOD only) Distance covered in one movement by a unit that is advancing by bounds.bound
Past participle: bounded
Gerund: bounding
| Present |
|---|
| I bound | | you bound | | he/she/it bounds | | we bound | | you bound | | they bound |
| Preterite |
|---|
| I bounded | | you bounded | | he/she/it bounded | | we bounded | | you bounded | | they bounded |
| Present Continuous |
|---|
| I am bounding | | you are bounding | | he/she/it is bounding | | we are bounding | | you are bounding | | they are bounding |
| Present Perfect |
|---|
| I have bounded | | you have bounded | | he/she/it has bounded | | we have bounded | | you have bounded | | they have bounded |
| Past Continuous |
|---|
| I was bounding | | you were bounding | | he/she/it was bounding | | we were bounding | | you were bounding | | they were bounding |
| Past Perfect |
|---|
| I had bounded | | you had bounded | | he/she/it had bounded | | we had bounded | | you had bounded | | they had bounded |
| Future |
|---|
| I will bound | | you will bound | | he/she/it will bound | | we will bound | | you will bound | | they will bound |
| Future Perfect |
|---|
| I will have bounded | | you will have bounded | | he/she/it will have bounded | | we will have bounded | | you will have bounded | | they will have bounded |
| Future Continuous |
|---|
| I will be bounding | | you will be bounding | | he/she/it will be bounding | | we will be bounding | | you will be bounding | | they will be bounding |
| Present Perfect Continuous |
|---|
| I have been bounding | | you have been bounding | | he/she/it has been bounding | | we have been bounding | | you have been bounding | | they have been bounding |
| Future Perfect Continuous |
|---|
| I will have been bounding | | you will have been bounding | | he/she/it will have been bounding | | we will have been bounding | | you will have been bounding | | they will have been bounding |
| Past Perfect Continuous |
|---|
| I had been bounding | | you had been bounding | | he/she/it had been bounding | | we had been bounding | | you had been bounding | | they had been bounding |
| Conditional |
|---|
| I would bound | | you would bound | | he/she/it would bound | | we would bound | | you would bound | | they would bound |
| Past Conditional |
|---|
| I would have bounded | | you would have bounded | | he/she/it would have bounded | | we would have bounded | | you would have bounded | | they would have bounded |
Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | bound - a line determining the limits of an areaboundary, edgeline - a length (straight or curved) without breadth or thickness; the trace of a moving pointrim - the shape of a raised edge of a more or less circular objectmargin, perimeter, border - the boundary line or the area immediately inside the boundaryfringe, outer boundary, periphery - the outside boundary or surface of somethingbrink, verge, threshold - a region marking a boundaryupper bound - (mathematics) a number equal to or greater than any other number in a given setlower bound - (mathematics) a number equal to or less than any other number in a given setthalweg - the middle of the chief navigable channel of a waterway that forms the boundary line between states | | 2. |  bound - the line or plane indicating the limit or extent of somethingboundary, boundshairline - the natural margin formed by hair on the headfrontier - an international boundary or the area (often fortified) immediately inside the boundaryheliopause - the boundary marking the edge of the sun's influence; the boundary (roughly 100 AU from the sun) between the interplanetary medium and the interstellar medium; where the solar wind from the sun and the radiation from other stars meetborder, borderline, boundary line, delimitation, mete - a line that indicates a boundarybourn, bourne - an archaic term for a boundarydistrict line - the boundary between two districtscounty line - the boundary between two countiescity line - the boundary of a cityedge, border - the boundary of a surfaceend - a boundary marking the extremities of something; "the end of town"extremity - the outermost or farthest region or pointdemarcation, demarcation line, limit - the boundary of a specific arealineation, outline - the line that appears to bound an objectsurface - the extended two-dimensional outer boundary of a three-dimensional object; "they skimmed over the surface of the water"; "a brush small enough to clean every dental surface"; "the sun has no distinct surface"shoreline - a boundary line between land and water | | 3. | bound - the greatest possible degree of something; "what he did was beyond the bounds of acceptable behavior"; "to the limit of his ability"limit, boundaryextent - the distance or area or volume over which something extends; "the vast extent of the desert"; "an orchard of considerable extent"knife-edge - a narrow boundary; "he lived on a knife-edge between genius and insanity"absoluteness, starkness, utterness - the quality of being complete or utter or extreme; "the starkness of his contrast between justice and fairness was open to many objections"heat barrier, thermal barrier - a limit to high speed flight imposed by aerodynamic heatinglevel best, utmost, uttermost, maximum - the greatest possible degree; "he tried his utmost"verge, brink - the limit beyond which something happens or changes; "on the verge of tears"; "on the brink of bankruptcy" | | 4. |  bound - a light, self-propelled movement upwards or forwardsleap, leaping, bounce, saltation, springjumping, jump - the act of jumping; propelling yourself off the ground; "he advanced in a series of jumps"; "the jumping was unexpected"capriole, caper - a playful leap or hoppounce - the act of pouncing | | Verb | 1. | bound - move forward by leaps and bounds; "The horse bounded across the meadow"; "The child leapt across the puddle"; "Can you jump over the fence?"jump, leap, springmove - move so as to change position, perform a nontranslational motion; "He moved his hand slightly to the right"pronk - jump straight up; "kangaroos pronk"bounce, rebound, ricochet, take a hop, resile, spring, recoil, bound, reverberate - spring back; spring away from an impact; "The rubber ball bounced"; "These particles do not resile but they unite after they collide"burst - move suddenly, energetically, or violently; "He burst out of the house into the cool night"bounce - leap suddenly; "He bounced to his feet"capriole - perform a capriole, of horses in dressagegalumph - move around heavily and clumsily; "the giant tortoises galumphed around in their pen"ski jump - jump on skissaltate - leap or skip, often in dancing; "These fish swim with a saltating motion"vault - bound vigorouslyleapfrog - jump across; "He leapfrogged his classmates"vault, overleap - jump across or leap over (an obstacle)curvet - perform a leap where both hind legs come off the ground, of a horsehop, hop-skip, skip - jump lightlycaper - jump about playfullyhop - make a jump forward or upward | | 2. | bound - form the boundary of; be contiguous toborderskirt - form the edge ofverge - border on; come close to; "His behavior verges on the criminal"shore - serve as a shore to; "The river was shored by trees"hold in, enclose, confine - close in; darkness enclosed him" | | 3. |  bound - place limits on (extent or access); "restrict the use of this parking lot"; "limit the time you can spend with your friends"confine, limit, throttle, trammel, restrain, restricttighten, reduce - narrow or limit; "reduce the influx of foreigners"tie - limit or restrict to; "I am tied to UNIX"; "These big jets are tied to large airports"gate - restrict (school boys') movement to the dormitory or campus as a means of punishmentdraw a line, draw the line - reasonably object (to) or set a limit (on); "I draw the line when it comes to lending money to friends!"mark off, mark out - set boundaries to and delimit; "mark out the territory"harness, rein, rule - keep in check; "rule one's temper"baffle, regulate - check the emission of (sound)hamper, cramp, halter, strangle - prevent the progress or free movement of; "He was hampered in his efforts by the bad weather"; "the imperialist nation wanted to strangle the free trade between the two small countries"tighten up, constrain, stiffen, tighten - restrict; "Tighten the rules"; "stiffen the regulations"clamp down, crack down - repress or suppress (something regarded as undesirable); "The police clamped down on illegal drugs"inhibit - limit the range or extent of; "Contact between the young was inhibited by strict social customs"constrain, cumber, encumber, restrain - hold backcurb, hold in, control, moderate, contain, check, hold - lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits; "moderate your alcohol intake"; "hold your tongue"; "hold your temper"; "control your anger" | | 4. | bound - spring back; spring away from an impact; "The rubber ball bounced"; "These particles do not resile but they unite after they collide"bounce, rebound, ricochet, take a hop, resile, recoil, spring, reverberatekick back, recoil, kick - spring back, as from a forceful thrust; "The gun kicked back into my shoulder"bound off, skip - bound off one point after anothercarom - rebound after hitting; "The car caromed off several lampposts"bound, jump, leap, spring - move forward by leaps and bounds; "The horse bounded across the meadow"; "The child leapt across the puddle"; "Can you jump over the fence?" | | Adj. | 1. | bound - confined by bonds; "bound and gagged hostages"unfree - hampered and not free; not able to act at willunbound - not restrained or tied down by bonds | | 2. | bound - held with another element, substance or material in chemical or physical unionchemical science, chemistry - the science of matter; the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactionsnatural philosophy, physics - the science of matter and energy and their interactions; "his favorite subject was physics"free - unconstrained or not chemically bound in a molecule or not fixed and capable of relatively unrestricted motion; "free expansion"; "free oxygen"; "a free electron" | | 3. | bound - secured with a cover or binding; often used as a combining form; "bound volumes"; "leather-bound volumes"unbound - not secured within a cover; "an unbound book" | | 4. | bound - (usually followed by `to') governed by fate; "bound to happen"; "an old house destined to be demolished"; "he is destined to be famous"destinedsure, certain - certain to occur; destined or inevitable; "he was certain to fail"; "his fate is certain"; "In this life nothing is certain but death and taxes"- Benjamin Franklin; "he faced certain death"; "sudden but sure regret"; "he is sure to win" | | 5. |  bound - covered or wrapped with a bandage; "the bandaged wound on the back of his head"; "an injury bound in fresh gauze"bandagedtreated - given medical care or treatment; "a treated cold is usually gone in 14 days; if left untreated it lasts two weeks" | | 6. | bound - headed or intending to head in a certain direction; often used as a combining form as in `college-bound students'; "children bound for school"; "a flight destined for New York"destinedorientated, oriented - adjusted or located in relation to surroundings or circumstances; sometimes used in combination; "the house had its large windows oriented toward the ocean view"; "helping freshmen become oriented to college life"; "the book is value-oriented throughout" | | 7. | bound - bound by an oath; "a bound official"sworn - bound by or stated on oath; "now my sworn friend and then mine enemy"- Shakespeare | | 8. |  bound - bound by contract apprenticed, articled, indenturedunfree - hampered and not free; not able to act at will | | 9. | bound - confined in the bowels; "he is bound in the belly"constipated - have difficult or incomplete or infrequent evacuation of the bowels |
bound1adjective1. compelled, obliged, forced, committed, pledged, constrained, obligated, beholden, duty-bound All members are bound by an oath of secrecy.2. tied, fixed, secured, attached, lashed, tied up, fastened, trussed, pinioned, made fast Her arms were bound to her sides.3. certain, sure, fated, doomed, destined, very likely There are bound to be price increases next year.4. (with for) going to, travelling to, flying to, on its way to, sailing to The ship was bound for Italy.bound up with connected with, linked to, attached to, dependent on, united with, tied up with, reliant on My fate was bound up with hers.
bound2verb1. surround, confine, enclose, terminate, encircle, circumscribe, hem in, demarcate, delimit the trees that bounded the car park2. limit, fix, define, restrict, confine, restrain, circumscribe, demarcate, delimit Our lives are bounded by work, family and television.
bound3verb1. leap, bob, spring, jump, bounce, skip, vault, pounce He bounded up the steps and pushed the bell of the door.noun1. leap, bob, spring, jump, bounce, hurdle, skip, vault, pounce, caper, prance, lope, frisk, gambol With one bound Jack was free.bound 1verbTo move in a lively way:bounce, jump, leap, spring.noun1. A sudden lively movement:bounce, jump, leap, spring.2. An act of bouncing or a bouncing movement:bounce, rebound.
bound 2verb1. To put or form a border on:border, edge, fringe, margin, rim, skirt, verge.2. To be contiguous or next to:abut, adjoin, border, butt, join, meet, neighbor, touch, verge.3. To fix the limits of:delimit, delimitate, demarcate, determine, limit, mark (off or out), measure.noun1. A demarcation point or boundary beyond which something does not extend or occur.Often used in plural:confine (used in plural), end, limit.2. The boundary surrounding a certain area.Used in plural:confine (used in plural), limit (used in plural), precinct (often used in plural).
bound 3adjectiveOwing something, such as gratitude or appreciation, to another:beholden, indebted, obligated, obliged.Archaic: bounden.Idiom: under obligation.Translationsbound2 (baund) suffix going in a particular direction. westbound traffic. 往特定方向的 向特定方向的，前往…的 bound for on the way to. bound for Africa. 開往... 开往...的bound to1. certain to. He's bound to notice your mistake. 必定的 必定的2. obliged to. I felt bound to mention it. 有義務的 有义务的
see also -bound under bind.
bound3 (baund) noun (usually in plural) limits of some kind. beyond the bounds of coincidence. 範圍 范围ˈboundless adjective having no limit. boundless energy. 無邊際的 无边际的out of bounds outside the permitted area or limits. The cinema was out of bounds for the boys from the local boarding-school. 在容許範圍或限制之外 限制之外的
bound4 (baund) noun a spring; a leap. He reached me in one bound. 跳躍 跳动 verb to move in this way. The dog bounded over eagerly to where I was sitting. 跳躍 跳跃bound
See:- (in) honor bound (to do something)
- all oak and iron bound
- all oak and iron bound and *sound as a barrel
- be bound and determined
- be bound to (be or do something)
- be duty bound
- be honor-bound
- be honor-bound to (do something)
- be out of bounds
- be/feel duty/honour bound to do something
- bind (one) hand and foot
- bind (someone or something) together
- bind off
- bind over
- bind up
- bound and determined
- bound and determined to
- bound and determined to (do something)
- bound for
- bound for (somewhere or something)
- bound hand and foot
- bound to (be or do something)
- bound to do
- bound to, be
- bound up in
- bound up in (something)
- bound up with
- bound up with (someone or something)
- by leaps and bounds
- by/in leaps and bounds
- duty bound
- duty bound to (someone or something)
- duty bound, to be
- feel duty bound to (do something)
- feel honor-bound to (do something)
- grow by leaps and bounds
- honor bound
- honour bound
- in leaps and bounds
- increase by leaps and bounds
- keep within bounds
- know no bounds
- leaps and bounds
- out of bounds
- out-of-bounds
- overstep (one's)/its bounds
- overstep the bounds (of something)
- sound as a barrel
- take the ball before the bound
- talk of the devil, and he is bound to appear
- within bounds
- within limits
- within the bounds of possibility
bound
bound1 Logic (of a variable) occurring within the scope of a quantifier that indicates the degree of generality of the open sentence in which the variable occurs: in (x) (Fx → bxy), x is bound and y is free
bound2 Mathsa. a number which is greater than all the members of a set of numbers (an upper bound), or less than all its members (a lower bound) b. more generally, an element of an ordered set that has the same ordering relation to all the members of a given subset c. whence, an estimate of the extent of some set bound
bound (bownd), 1. Limited; circumscribed; enclosed. 2. Denoting a substance, such as iodine, phosphorus, calcium, morphine, or some other drug, which is not in readily diffusible form but exists in combination with a high molecular weight substance, especially protein. 3. Fixed to a receptor, such as on a cell membrane. bound (B, BD) (bownd) 1. Limited; circumscribed; attached; enclosed. 2. Denoting a substance, such as iodine, phosphorus, calcium, morphine, or some other drug, which is not in readily diffusible form but exists in combination with a high molecular weight substance, especially protein. bound (bownd) 1. Limited; circumscribed; enclosed. 2. Denoting a substance which is not in readily diffusible form but exists in combination with a high molecular weight substance, especially protein. Patient discussion about boundQ. My friend has Progressive MS, he is bound to a wheelchair, Prognosis? How can I help? He must be moved by a Hoyer Lift, he has caregivers. He has a beautiful voice and does have enough ability to move in his chair around local community. He has some bad days with spacicity, I want to help but am unsure as to how? He is 60? or so and lives on his own, he has had MS for many years and a number of complications, such as pneumonia and decubitus. Please help me to help him!A. There are a number of ideas and resources for social and recreational activities (i.e. wheelchair sports, dancing, travel, aviation, etc.) that may be helpful, which can be found at www.mobility-advisor.com. More discussions about boundLegalSeebindBound
BoundDescribing a party to a contract who is legally obligated to follow that contract. A bound party who violates the contract may be sued for damages.FinancialSeeb/dbound
Synonyms for boundadj compelledSynonyms- compelled
- obliged
- forced
- committed
- pledged
- constrained
- obligated
- beholden
- duty-bound
adj tiedSynonyms- tied
- fixed
- secured
- attached
- lashed
- tied up
- fastened
- trussed
- pinioned
- made fast
adj certainSynonyms- certain
- sure
- fated
- doomed
- destined
- very likely
adj going toSynonyms- going to
- travelling to
- flying to
- on its way to
- sailing to
phrase bound up withSynonyms- connected with
- linked to
- attached to
- dependent on
- united with
- tied up with
- reliant on
verb surroundSynonyms- surround
- confine
- enclose
- terminate
- encircle
- circumscribe
- hem in
- demarcate
- delimit
verb limitSynonyms- limit
- fix
- define
- restrict
- confine
- restrain
- circumscribe
- demarcate
- delimit
verb leapSynonyms- leap
- bob
- spring
- jump
- bounce
- skip
- vault
- pounce
noun leapSynonyms- leap
- bob
- spring
- jump
- bounce
- hurdle
- skip
- vault
- pounce
- caper
- prance
- lope
- frisk
- gambol
Synonyms for boundverb to move in a lively waySynonymsnoun a sudden lively movementSynonymsnoun an act of bouncing or a bouncing movementSynonymsverb to put or form a border onSynonyms- border
- edge
- fringe
- margin
- rim
- skirt
- verge
verb to be contiguous or next toSynonyms- abut
- adjoin
- border
- butt
- join
- meet
- neighbor
- touch
- verge
verb to fix the limits ofSynonyms- delimit
- delimitate
- demarcate
- determine
- limit
- mark
- measure
noun a demarcation point or boundary beyond which something does not extend or occurSynonymsnoun the boundary surrounding a certain areaSynonymsadj owing something, such as gratitude or appreciation, to anotherSynonyms- beholden
- indebted
- obligated
- obliged
- bounden
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