name for a rural settlement among some peoples of Middle Asia and Kazakhstan (Turkomans, Karakalpak, Kazakhs) and also among a number of peoples in the northern Caucasus. Aul is the term used for the settlements of both nomadic and sedentary groups. The Aul Soviets of Toilers’ Deputies are the Soviet government bodies in the auls.

a climatic and koumiss-cure health resort 90 km from Semipalatinsk in the Kazakh SSR. It has a sharply continental climate with dry warm summers (average July temperature, 21° C) and moderately cold winters (average January temperature, -16°C). The average annual precipitation is 300 mm. Medical treatment includes climatotherapy and koumiss treatment. Medical treatment is provided for patients afflicted with active forms of pulmonary tuberculosis in the stages of compensation and subcompensation. The sanatorium is in operation throughout the year.