Energy Supply Service of an Enterprise

the aggregate of equipment for the conversion and transmission of energy and the corresponding services that ensure uninterrupted supply to an enterprise of all forms of energy and energy carriers (electricity, fuel, steam, gas, and the like) to established specifications and at the lowest cost. Industrial enterprises are the primary consumers of energy resources. Their demand for energy and energy carriers is constantly increasing, and the power-labor ratio is one of the primary indicators of scientific and technical progress.

The energy supply service of an enterprise comprises electric power substations; electric, heat, and gas mains; oxygen and acetylene plants; refrigerating systems; a low-current shop, including an automatic telephone exchange; a repair shop for power equipment; and fuel supply services. The size of an energy supply service is reflected in the quantity and capacity of its power installations, which include steam boilers, electric generators, electric motors, and equipment that consumes electric power for production processes, such as welding, tempering, and smelting.

Great importance is attached to improved utilization of energy supply services. There are various time-of-use indicators for electric generators and motors, yielding a coefficient of extensive use. They include the ratio of the actual operating time to the calendar time (for power installations composed of several units, operating hours include all hours during which even one unit is in operation); the power utilization (coefficient of intensive use), which is the ratio of the average actual power for the time of operation to the maximum continuous power; and the work capacity utilization (coefficient of integrated use), which is the ratio of the actual energy produced or consumed to the maximum possible energy. The last indicator is calculated as a function of extensive and intensive use coefficients.

The average annual power of an electric power plant is determined by dividing the electricity generated during a year by the number of calendar hours. A comparison of the plant’s average annual power with its installed power gives the coefficient of integrated use.

The energy and fuel requirements of an industrial enterprise are calculated on the basis of its energy balance and fuel balance.

A technical and economic rating of fossil-fuel-fired steam power plants is the amount of fuel (in units of a standard fuel) expended in generating one kilowatt-hour of electricity. For the plants commonly used in the USSR, the specific consumption of a standard fuel was 367 g in 1970 and 337 g in 1976.

The most important problem in organizing efficient energy consumption in an industrial enterprise is the striving for fuel and energy economy. The methods used to achieve energy economy include improvement in the technology and organization of production, intensification of production processes, establishment of more expeditious operating modes and progressive expenditure norms, and organization of socialist competition.