Bordetella

enUK

Bordetella

A genus of gram-negative bacteria which are coccobacilli and obligate aerobes, and fail to ferment carbohydrates. These bacteria are respiratory pathogens. Bordetella pertussis, B. parapertussis, and B. bronchiseptica share greater than 90% of their deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences and would not warrant separate species designations except that the distinctions are useful for clinical purposes. Bordetella pertussis is an obligate human pathogen and is the causative agent of whooping cough (pertussis). Bordetella parapertussis causes a milder form of disease in humans and also causes respiratory infections in sheep. Bordetella bronchiseptica has the broadest host range, causing disease in many mammalian species, but kennel cough in dogs and atrophic rhinitis, in which infected piglets develop deformed nasal passages, have the biggest economic impact. Bordetella avium is more distantly related to the other species. A pathogen of birds, it is of major economic importance to the poultry industry.

Infection by all four species is characterized by bacterial adherence to the ciliated cells that line the windpipe (trachea), B. pertussis releases massive amounts of peptidoglycan, causing an exaggerated immune response that is ultimately deleterious, resulting in self-induced death of the ciliated cells. Bordetella also produces protein toxins. The best-characterized is pertussis toxin, made only by B. pertussis. This toxin interferes with the mechanisms used by host cells to communicate with one another.

Bordetella pertussis is spread by coughing and has no environmental reservoir other than infected humans. Culturing the organism is difficult. Erythromycin is the antibiotic used most frequently to treat whooping cough. Unfortunately, antibiotic treatment improves the patient's condition only if given early, when the disease is most difficult to diagnose, and does not help after whooping has begun. This is consistent with the concept that the early symptoms of the disease result from bacterial damage to the respiratory tract and the later symptoms are due to toxins released by the bacteria. Antibiotics can eradicate the microorganisms but cannot reverse the effects of toxins, which can cause damage far from the site of bacterial growth.

Vaccines have been developed for whooping cough and kennel cough. Multicomponent pertussis vaccines consisting of inactivated pertussis toxin and various combinations of filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin, and fimbriae are now replacing the older whole-cell vaccines consisting of killed bacteria, which were suspected but not proven to cause rare but serious side effects. Vaccination programs have greatly reduced the incidence of whooping cough in affluent nations, but worldwide nearly half a million deaths occur each year, most of which are vaccine-preventable. See Antibiotic, Medical bacteriology

Bordetella

[‚bȯr·də′tel·ə] (microbiology) A genus of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria of uncertain affiliation; minute coccobacilli, parasitic and pathogenic in the respiratory tract of mammals.

Bordetella

enUK

Bordetella

[bor″dĕ-tel´ah] a genus of gram-negative aerobic cocci. B. pertus´sis is the etiologic agent of whooping cough. B. bronchisep´tica and B. parapertus´sis are also found occasionally in whooping cough.

Bordetella

(bōr-dĕ-tel'ă), A genus of strictly aerobic bacteria (family Brucellaceae) containing minute, gram-negative non-spore-bearing, coccobacilli. Motile and nonmotile species occur; motile cells are peritrichous. The metabolism of these organisms is respiratory. They require nicotinic acid, cysteine, and methionine; hemin (X factor) and coenzyme I (V factor) are not required. They are parasites and pathogens of the mammalian respiratory tract; type species is Bordetella pertussis. [J. Bordet]

bordetella

(bôr′də-tĕl′ə)n. Any of various small, gram-negative coccobacilli of the genus Bordetella, some of which are pathogenic in the human respiratory tract. It includes B. pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough.

Bor·de·tel·la

(bōr-dĕ-tel'ă) A genus of stricty aerobic bacteria (family Brucellaceae) containing minute gram-negative coccobacilli. Motile and nonmotile species occur; motile cells are peritrichous. The metabolism of these organisms is respiratory. They require nicotinic acid, cysteine, and methionine; hemin (X factor) and coenzyme I (V factor) are not required by some species. They are parasites and pathogens of the mammalian respiratory tract. The type species is B. pertussis. [J. Bordet]

Bordetella

A genus of coccobacilli that have an affinity for the respiratory system and includes Bordetella pertussis the organism responsible for whooping cough. These organisms are sensitive to various antibiotics including TETRACYCLINE, ERYTHROMYCIN and CHLORAMPHENICOL. (Jules Bordet, 1870–1961, Belgian bacteriologist).

Bordet,

Jules, Belgian bacteriologist and Nobel laureate, 1870-1961. Bordet amboceptorBordetella - a genus of strictly aerobic bacteria that are pathogens of the mammalian respiratory tract.Bordet-Gengou bacillus - a species that causes whooping cough. Synonym(s): Bordetella pertussisBordet-Gengou phenomenon - the phenomenon of complement fixation.Bordet-Gengou potato blood agar - glycerin-potato agar with 25% of blood, used for the isolation of Bordetella pertussis.Bordet-Gengou reaction - Synonym(s): complement fixation

单词	bordetella
释义	bordetella enUK bor·de·tel·la B0401800 (bôr′də-tĕl′ə)n. Any of various small, gram-negative coccobacilli of the genus Bordetella, some of which are pathogenic in the human respiratory tract. It includes B. pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough. [New Latin Bordetella, genus name, after Jules Jean Baptiste Vincent Bordet (1870-1961), Belgian bacteriologist.] Bordetella enUK Bordetella A genus of gram-negative bacteria which are coccobacilli and obligate aerobes, and fail to ferment carbohydrates. These bacteria are respiratory pathogens. Bordetella pertussis, B. parapertussis, and B. bronchiseptica share greater than 90% of their deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences and would not warrant separate species designations except that the distinctions are useful for clinical purposes. Bordetella pertussis is an obligate human pathogen and is the causative agent of whooping cough (pertussis). Bordetella parapertussis causes a milder form of disease in humans and also causes respiratory infections in sheep. Bordetella bronchiseptica has the broadest host range, causing disease in many mammalian species, but kennel cough in dogs and atrophic rhinitis, in which infected piglets develop deformed nasal passages, have the biggest economic impact. Bordetella avium is more distantly related to the other species. A pathogen of birds, it is of major economic importance to the poultry industry. Infection by all four species is characterized by bacterial adherence to the ciliated cells that line the windpipe (trachea), B. pertussis releases massive amounts of peptidoglycan, causing an exaggerated immune response that is ultimately deleterious, resulting in self-induced death of the ciliated cells. Bordetella also produces protein toxins. The best-characterized is pertussis toxin, made only by B. pertussis. This toxin interferes with the mechanisms used by host cells to communicate with one another. Bordetella pertussis is spread by coughing and has no environmental reservoir other than infected humans. Culturing the organism is difficult. Erythromycin is the antibiotic used most frequently to treat whooping cough. Unfortunately, antibiotic treatment improves the patient's condition only if given early, when the disease is most difficult to diagnose, and does not help after whooping has begun. This is consistent with the concept that the early symptoms of the disease result from bacterial damage to the respiratory tract and the later symptoms are due to toxins released by the bacteria. Antibiotics can eradicate the microorganisms but cannot reverse the effects of toxins, which can cause damage far from the site of bacterial growth. Vaccines have been developed for whooping cough and kennel cough. Multicomponent pertussis vaccines consisting of inactivated pertussis toxin and various combinations of filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin, and fimbriae are now replacing the older whole-cell vaccines consisting of killed bacteria, which were suspected but not proven to cause rare but serious side effects. Vaccination programs have greatly reduced the incidence of whooping cough in affluent nations, but worldwide nearly half a million deaths occur each year, most of which are vaccine-preventable. See Antibiotic, Medical bacteriology Bordetella [‚bȯr·də′tel·ə] (microbiology) A genus of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria of uncertain affiliation; minute coccobacilli, parasitic and pathogenic in the respiratory tract of mammals. Bordetella enUK Bordetella [bor″dĕ-tel´ah] a genus of gram-negative aerobic cocci. B. pertus´sis is the etiologic agent of whooping cough. B. bronchisep´tica and B. parapertus´sis are also found occasionally in whooping cough. Bordetella (bōr-dĕ-tel'ă), A genus of strictly aerobic bacteria (family Brucellaceae) containing minute, gram-negative non-spore-bearing, coccobacilli. Motile and nonmotile species occur; motile cells are peritrichous. The metabolism of these organisms is respiratory. They require nicotinic acid, cysteine, and methionine; hemin (X factor) and coenzyme I (V factor) are not required. They are parasites and pathogens of the mammalian respiratory tract; type species is Bordetella pertussis. [J. Bordet] bordetella (bôr′də-tĕl′ə)n. Any of various small, gram-negative coccobacilli of the genus Bordetella, some of which are pathogenic in the human respiratory tract. It includes B. pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough. Bor·de·tel·la (bōr-dĕ-tel'ă) A genus of stricty aerobic bacteria (family Brucellaceae) containing minute gram-negative coccobacilli. Motile and nonmotile species occur; motile cells are peritrichous. The metabolism of these organisms is respiratory. They require nicotinic acid, cysteine, and methionine; hemin (X factor) and coenzyme I (V factor) are not required by some species. They are parasites and pathogens of the mammalian respiratory tract. The type species is B. pertussis. [J. Bordet] Bordetella A genus of coccobacilli that have an affinity for the respiratory system and includes Bordetella pertussis the organism responsible for whooping cough. These organisms are sensitive to various antibiotics including TETRACYCLINE, ERYTHROMYCIN and CHLORAMPHENICOL. (Jules Bordet, 1870–1961, Belgian bacteriologist). Bordet, Jules, Belgian bacteriologist and Nobel laureate, 1870-1961. *Bordet amboceptorBordetella* - a genus of strictly aerobic bacteria that are pathogens of the mammalian respiratory tract.Bordet-Gengou bacillus - a species that causes whooping cough. Synonym(s): Bordetella pertussisBordet-Gengou phenomenon - the phenomenon of complement fixation.Bordet-Gengou potato blood agar - glycerin-potato agar with 25% of blood, used for the isolation of Bordetella pertussis.Bordet-Gengou reaction - Synonym(s): complement fixation**
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bordetella

bor·de·tel·la

Bordetella

Bordetella

Bordetella

Bordetella

Bordetella

Bordetella

bordetella

Bor·de·tel·la

Bordetella

Bordet,