destructive distillation

destructive distillationIn the destructive distillation of powdered coal, heated coal turns to coke, ammonia dissolves in water to form an ammoniacal liquor, and coal gas and coal tar are produced.

destructive distillation

n. A process by which organic substances such as wood, coal, and oil shale are decomposed by heat in the absence of air and distilled to produce useful products such as coke, charcoal, oils, and gases.

destructive distillation

n (Chemistry) the decomposition of a complex substance, such as wood or coal, by heating it in the absence of air and collecting the volatile products

destruc′tive distilla′tion

n. the decomposition of a substance, as wood or coal, by heating with a minimal exposure to air, and the collection of the volatile products formed. [1825–35]

Thesaurus

Noun

destructive distillation - heating a solid substance in a closed container and collecting the volatile productscarbonisation, carbonization - the destructive distillation of coal (as in coke ovens)fractional process, fractionation - a process that uses heat to separate a substance into its components

destructive distillation

[di′strək·tiv dis·tə′lā·shən] (organic chemistry) Decomposition of organic compounds by heat without the presence of air.

Destructive distillation

The primary chemical processing of materials such as wood, coal, oil shale, and some residual oils from refining of petroleum. It consists in heating material in an inert atmosphere at a temperature high enough for chemical decomposition. The principal products are (1) gases containing carbon monoxide, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia, (2) oils, and (3) water solutions of organic acids, alcohols, and ammonium salts.

Crude shale oil may be obtained by destructive distillation of carboniferous shales. It may be subjected to a destructive, or coking, distillation to reduce its viscosity and increase its hydrogen content. Residual oils from petroleum refinery operations are subjected to coking distillation to reduce the carbon content. The coke is used for the manufacture of electrode carbon. The main product of the destructive distillation of wood is 40–45% charcoal used in metallurgical processes in which the low content of ash, sulfur, and phosphorus is important. See Coal chemicals

dry dis·til·la·tion

submission of an organic substance to heat in a closed vessel so that oxygen is absent and combustion prevented with the objective of effecting its decomposition with release of volatile constituents and the formation of new substances. Synonym(s): destructive distillation

destructive distillation

The process of decomposing complex organic compounds by heat in the absence of air and condensing the vapor of the liquid products.See also: distillation

destructive distillation

destructive distillation

destructive distillation

destruc′tive distilla′tion

destructive distillation

destructive distillation

Destructive distillation

destructive distillation

dry dis·til·la·tion

destructive distillation

destructive distillation

Words related to destructive distillation

noun heating a solid substance in a closed container and collecting the volatile products

Related Words