cardinal

car·di·nal

C0107700 (kär′dn-əl, kärd′nəl)adj.1. Of foremost importance; paramount: a cardinal rule; cardinal sins.2. Dark to deep or vivid red.n.1. Abbr. Card. Roman Catholic Church A high church official, ranking just below the pope, who has been appointed by a pope to membership in the College of Cardinals.2. A dark to deep or vivid red.3. A North American bird (Cardinalis cardinalis) having a crested head, a short thick bill, and bright red plumage in the male.4. A short hooded cloak, originally of scarlet cloth, worn by women in the 1700s.5. A cardinal number.

[Middle English, from Late Latin cardinālis, principal, pivotal, from Latin, serving as a hinge, from cardō, cardin-, hinge.]

car′di·nal·ship′ n.

cardinal

(ˈkɑːdɪnəl) n1. (Roman Catholic Church) RC Church any of the members of the Sacred College, ranking next after the pope, who elect the pope and act as his chief counsellors2. (Colours) Also called: cardinal red a deep vivid red colour3. (Mathematics) See cardinal number4. (Animals) Also called: cardinal grosbeak or redbird (US)a crested North American bunting, Richmondena (or Pyrrhuloxia) cardinalis, the male of which has a bright red plumage and the female a brown one5. (Animals) a fritillary butterfly, Pandoriana pandora, found in meadows of southern Europe6. (Clothing & Fashion) a woman's hooded shoulder cape worn in the 17th and 18th centuriesadj7. (usually prenominal) fundamentally important; principal: cardinal sin. 8. (Colours) of a deep vivid red colour9. (Anatomy) astrology of or relating to the signs Aries, Cancer, Libra, and Capricorn. Compare mutable², fixed¹⁰[C13: from Latin cardinālis, literally: relating to a hinge, hence, that on which something depends, principal, from cardō hinge] ˈcardinally adv

car•di•nal

(ˈkɑr dn l)

adj. 1. of prime importance; chief; principal. 2. of the color cardinal. n. 3. a high ecclesiastic appointed by the pope to the College of Cardinals. 4. a common crested songbird, Cardinalis cardinalis, of North America, the male of which is bright red. 5. a deep, rich red color. 6. a woman's short scarlet cloak with a hood, worn in the 18th century. 7. cardinal number. [before 1150; < Latin cardinālis <cardō hinge] car′di•nal•ly, adv. car′di•nal•ship`, n.

cardinal

One of the three qualities; associated with receptivity, initiative and executive action.

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	cardinal - (Roman Catholic Church) one of a group of more than 100 prominent bishops in the Sacred College who advise the Pope and elect new PopesChurch of Rome, Roman Catholic Church, Roman Church, Western Church, Roman Catholic - the Christian Church based in the Vatican and presided over by a pope and an episcopal hierarchyCollege of Cardinals, Sacred College - (Roman Catholic Church) the body of cardinals who advise the Pope and elect new Popesbishop - a senior member of the Christian clergy having spiritual and administrative authority; appointed in Christian churches to oversee priests or ministers; considered in some churches to be successors of the twelve Apostles of Christdean - (Roman Catholic Church) the head of the College of Cardinals
	2.	cardinal - the number of elements in a mathematical set; denotes a quantity but not the ordercardinal numbernumber - a concept of quantity involving zero and units; "every number has a unique position in the sequence"absolute frequency, frequency - the number of observations in a given statistical categorygoogol - a cardinal number represented as 1 followed by 100 zeros (ten raised to the power of a hundred)googolplex - a cardinal number represented as 1 followed by a googol of zeros (ten raised to the power of a googol)
	3.	cardinal - a variable color averaging a vivid redcarminered, redness - red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood
	4.	cardinal - crested thick-billed North American finch having bright red plumage in the malecardinal grosbeak, Cardinalis cardinalis, Richmondena Cardinalis, redbirdfinch - any of numerous small songbirds with short stout bills adapted for crushing seedsgenus Richmondena, Richmondena - cardinals
Adj.	1.	cardinal - serving as an essential component; "a cardinal rule"; "the central cause of the problem"; "an example that was fundamental to the argument"; "computers are fundamental to modern industrial structure"central, fundamental, key, primalimportant, of import - of great significance or value; "important people"; "the important questions of the day"
	2.	cardinal - being or denoting a numerical quantity but not order; "cardinal numbers"ordinal - being or denoting a numerical order in a series; "ordinal numbers"; "held an ordinal rank of seventh"

cardinal

adjective principal, first, highest, greatest, leading, important, chief, main, prime, central, key, essential, primary, fundamental, paramount, foremost, pre-eminent As a salesman, your cardinal rule is to do everything you can to satisfy the customer.
lowest, secondary, subordinate, least important, dispensable, inessential

cardinal

adjectiveMost important, influential, or significant:capital, chief, first, foremost, key, leading, main, major, number one, paramount, premier, primary, prime, principal, top.

Translations

主要的红衣主教

cardinal

(ˈkaːdənl) adjective chief; principal. cardinal sins.主要的 noun (the status of) one of the men next in rank to the Pope in the Roman Catholic Church. 红衣主教cardinal numbers numbers expressing quantity (1,2,3 etc). See also ordinal numbers 基数

cardinal

[Lat.,=attached to and thus "belonging to" the hinge], in the Roman Catholic Church, a member of the highest body of the church. The sacred college of cardinals of the Holy Roman Church is the electoral college of the papacypapacy
, office of the pope, head of the Roman Catholic Church. He is pope by reason of being bishop of Rome and thus, according to Roman Catholic belief, successor in the see of Rome (the Holy See) to its first bishop, St. Peter.
..... Click the link for more information. . Its members are appointed by the pope. A cardinal's insignia resemble those of a bishop, except for the characteristic red, broad-brimmed, tasseled hat, which is conferred by the pope but not subsequently worn. Cardinals, the "princes of the church," are styled "Eminence."

The term cardinal was formerly applied to important clergymen of all sorts and countries, but in the Middle Ages it was restricted to the Roman province. The college of cardinals is the modern derivative of the clergy of the ancient diocese of Rome, used by the pope for advice and transaction of business. Pope Sixtus V set the maximum number of cardinals at 70, a tradition maintained for centuries until the pontificate of Pope John XXIII. Since then it has increased to well over 100, approaching twice that at times. The number number of cardinals eligible to vote in papal elections (those under 80 years old) was limited to 120 by Paul VI and John Paul II, but John Paul appointed more than that number several times. Following the lead of Pius XII, John XXIII and Paul VI promoted the international character of the college. John Paul continued to expand international representation in the college, and Europeans now account for only about half of the cardinals eligible to vote in papal elections.

Classes of Cardinals

There are three classes of cardinals. Cardinal bishops are the bishops of seven sees around Rome (Ostia, Velletri, Porto and Santa Rufina, Albano, Frascati, Palestrina, and Sabina and Poggio Mirteto) and Eastern-rite patriarchs; the first of these in order of creation is dean of the college and ex officio bishop of Ostia in addition to his other see. Cardinal priests are mostly archbishops outside the Roman province; the title "cardinal archbishop"—often applied to these men—simply represents the union of the two dignities in one man. Cardinal deacons are priests with functions in the papal government. Cardinal priests and cardinal deacons have titles corresponding to churches of the Roman diocese.

The Cabinet of the Pope

Apart from papal elections, the cardinals have great importance as the privy council of the pope. Hence those who are not bishops away from Rome must live at Rome. They meet with the pope in consistories, public and secret, but most of the business they transact is done in their various jurisdictional capacities. Thus the cardinals in residence at Rome make up a cabinet for the pope, directing the work of the Curia Romana, as the papal administration is called. This is made up of standing committees and courts, the departments of administration divided among them. Since there is no division of powers in the headship of the church, most organs of the Curia have power to judge, to command, and to legislate. The acts of these bodies are validated by papal approbation, and they therefore bind Roman Catholics as direct pontifical acts. Only the pope himself can speak finally in matters of faith and morals (see infallibilityinfallibility
, in Christian thought, exemption from the possibility of error, bestowed on the church as a teaching authority, as a gift of the Holy Spirit. It has been believed since the earliest times to be guaranteed in such scriptural passages as John 14.16,17.
..... Click the link for more information. ). The major divisions of the Curia are the secretariat of state, the Roman congregations, and the Roman tribunals. There are also pontifical commisions under some of the congregations; a number of pontifical councils with special responsibilities (e.g., for ecumenical dialogue with other Christians, for the family, for issues relating to the sanctity of life, and for dialogue with nonbelievers); curial offices responsible for administering the Vatican property and treasury; and other bodies.

The Secretariat of State

The secretariat of state, headed by the cardinal secretary of state, works most closely with the pope and is the most important body of the Curia; it is divided into two sections. The section for general affairs handles affairs relating to the papal office, distributes encyclicals and other official papal documents, oversees the official media and the press office of the Vatican, and maintains the church's statistical bureau. The section for relations with states is responsible for the Vatican's diplomatic relation with foreign governments and international organizations.

Roman Congregations

A Roman congregation consists of a group of cardinals, headed by a prefect, together with two staffs that transact most of the business—one of major officials and the other of minor officials chosen by competitive examination and assigned to less important affairs. The congregation proper, i.e., the cardinals, makes all major decisions.

The following are the Roman congregations (founded by Sixtus V in 1588; reorganized by Pius X in 1908, by Paul VI at the close of the Second Vatican Council, and by John Paul II in 1988): the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (formerly, of the Holy Office; see InquisitionInquisition
, tribunal of the Roman Catholic Church established for the investigation of heresy. The Medieval Inquisition

In the early Middle Ages investigation of heresy was a duty of the bishops.
..... Click the link for more information. ), concerned with doctrinal orthodoxy; the Congregation for the Eastern Churches, for all concerns of those following Eastern rites in communion with the pope; the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, for all public worship of the Latin rite, liturgical books, and the like, including sacred music and art; the Congregation for the Causes of the Saints, for overseeing the process of canonization and verifying sacred relics; the Congregation for Bishops, for recommending candidates for bishop and establishing dioceses; the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples (formerly Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith; the Propaganda), for all concerns of the missionsmissions,
term generally applied to organizations formed for the purpose of extending religious teaching, whether at home or abroad. It also indicates the stations or the fields where such teaching is given.
..... Click the link for more information. of the Latin rite; the Congregation for the Clergy, for all concerns relating to all secular priests and deacons; the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life, for all concerns relating to religious orders and their members; and the Congregation for Catholic Education, for the administration of seminaries and Catholic educational institutions. Of the Roman congregations, the two whose influence is felt most deeply throughout the church are probably the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith and the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples.

The Roman Tribunals

The Roman tribunals are three secret courts, the highest of the church; each is headed by a cardinal, and its work is handled by trained canonists. They are the Apostolic Penitentiary, for all cases of conscience appealed by any Catholic to the pope and for the regulation of indulgences; the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature, the court of final appeal of the church, considering only cases involving the members of, or appealed from, the Rota; the Tribunal of the Roman Rota, the court of appeal from diocesan courts and the lower court of Vatican City, hearing all cases requiring trial and evidence, except cases of conscience, cases of canonization, and cases involving sovereigns of states (reserved to the pope in person).

Bibliography

See studies by G. D. Kittler (1960), and F. B. Thornton (1963).

cardinal

redbird,

common name for a North American songbird of the family Fringillidae (New World finchfinch,
common name for members of the Fringillidae, the largest family of birds (including over half the known species), found in most parts of the world except Australia.
..... Click the link for more information. family). In the eastern cardinal, Richmondena cardinalis, the male is bright scarlet with black throat and face; the female is brown with patches of red. Both sexes have crests and red bills. The Arizona, gray-tailed, Louisiana, and San Lucas cardinals frequent the S United States and Mexico. The pyrrhuloxia of the SW United States, gray with red face, crest, breast, and tail, is called gray cardinal or parrotbill. Cup-shaped nests are built by male and female, and the male helps rear the young. Cardinals are essentially monogamous, and are not very gregarious. They are classified in the phylum ChordataChordata
, phylum of animals having a notochord, or dorsal stiffening rod, as the chief internal skeletal support at some stage of their development. Most chordates are vertebrates (animals with backbones), but the phylum also includes some small marine invertebrate animals.
..... Click the link for more information. , subphylum Vertebrata, class Aves, order Passeriformes, family Fringillidae.

Cardinal

in the Catholic Church the highest member of the clergy after the pope.

Cardinals are the closest advisers and assistants to the pope in matters of church administration; they form the College of Cardinals, headed by a dean. Cardinals are appointed by the pope. The pope himself is elected exclusively by the College of Cardinals according to a decree of the Lateran Council of 1179. In 1586, Pope Sixtus V established that the number of the cardinals should not exceed 70. Up to the middle of the 20th century, Italians predominated in the College of Cardinals. The number of cardinals in the college was increased by Pope John XXIII and Pope Paul VI, and by October 1969 the College of Cardinals consisted of 131 members, as well as bishops from Asian and African countries.

The cardinals living in Rome (cardinals of the Curia) head the central organs of the Vatican, including the congregations and the tribunals. The cardinals are divided hierarchically into three groups—cardinal bishops, cardinal priests, and cardinal deacons. According to the decision of Pope Paul VI in 1970, cardinals who reach the age of 75 retire but retain their cloth; when they reach the age of 80, they remain members of the college but lose the right to belong to the Roman Curia and to participate in the election of a new pope.

Cardinal

(Cardinalis cardinalis), a bird of the family Fringil-lidae, order Passeriformes. Body length, approximately 20 cm. The male’s feathers are bright red (the color of a cardinal’s mantle). The base of the bill is black. The female is brown.

The cardinal is found in the USA (naturally in the east; introduced to California and the Hawaiian Islands), Mexico, and northern Central America. It dwells in forests, gardens, and parks, feeding on seeds and insects. It lays a clutch of three to four eggs, which the female alone incubates for 12–13 days.

cardinal

1. RC Church any of the members of the Sacred College, ranking next after the pope, who elect the pope and act as his chief counsellors 2. a deep vivid red colour 3. See cardinal number4. a crested North American bunting, Richmondena (or Pyrrhuloxia) cardinalis, the male of which has a bright red plumage and the female a brown one 5. a fritillary butterfly, Pandoriana pandora, found in meadows of southern Europe 6. of a deep vivid red colour 7. Astrology of or relating to the signs Aries, Cancer, Libra, and Capricorn

cardinal

car·di·nal

cardinal

car•di•nal

cardinal

cardinal

cardinal

cardinal

cardinal

cardinal

Classes of Cardinals

The Cabinet of the Pope

The Secretariat of State

Roman Congregations

The Roman Tribunals

Bibliography

cardinal

redbird,

Cardinal

Cardinal

cardinal

cardinal

car·di·nal

CARD8

Cardinal

cardinal

Synonyms for cardinal

adj principal

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Antonyms

Synonyms for cardinal

adj most important, influential, or significant

Synonyms

Synonyms for cardinal

noun (Roman Catholic Church) one of a group of more than 100 prominent bishops in the Sacred College who advise the Pope and elect new Popes

Related Words

noun the number of elements in a mathematical set

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Related Words

noun a variable color averaging a vivid red

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Related Words

noun crested thick-billed North American finch having bright red plumage in the male

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Related Words

adj serving as an essential component

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Related Words

adj being or denoting a numerical quantity but not order

Antonyms