释义 |
acquired reflex ThesaurusNoun | 1. | acquired reflex - an acquired response that is under the control of (conditional on the occurrence of) a stimulusconditional reaction, conditional reflex, conditional response, conditioned reaction, conditioned reflex, conditioned responselearned reaction, learned response - a reaction that has been acquired by learningconditioned avoidance, conditioned avoidance response - a conditioned response that anticipates the occurrence of an aversive stimulus | EncyclopediaSeeconditioned reflexacquired reflex
con·di·tioned re·flex (CR), a reflex that is gradually developed by training and association through the frequent repetition of a definite stimulus. See: conditioning. Synonym(s): acquired reflex, behavior reflex, conditioned response, trained reflexreflex (re'fleks?) [L. reflexus, bending back] An involuntary response or action to a stimulus. Reflexes are specific and predictable and are usually purposeful and adaptive. They depend on an intact neural pathway between the stimulation point and a responding organ. This pathway is called the reflex arc. In a simple reflex this includes a sensory receptor, afferent or sensory neuron, reflex center in the brain or spinal cord, one or more efferent neurons, and an effector organ. Most reflexes, however, are more complicated and include internuncial or associative neurons intercalated between afferent and efferent neurons. See: reflex arc for illus abdominal reflexContraction of the muscles of the abdominal wall when the overlying skin is stimulated. Absence of this reflex indicates damage to the pyramidal tract. abdominocardiac reflexA change in heart rate, usually a slowing, resulting from mechanical stimulation of abdominal viscera.accommodation reflexAny of the changes that take place as the eye adjusts to bring light rays from an object to focus on the retina. This involves a change in the size of the pupil, convergence or divergence of the eyes, and either a decrease or an increase in the convexity of the lens depending on the previous condition of the lens. Synonym: near reflexAchilles tendon reflex See: Achilles tendon reflexAchilles reflex See: Achilles tendon reflexacoustic blink reflexInvoluntary closure of the eyelids after exposure to a sharp, sudden noise. This is a normal startle response that may be exaggerated in patients with anxiety disorders or hyperacusis. It may be blunted in infants or adults with a hearing disorder or facial nerve paralysis. acquired reflexConditioned reflex.acromial reflexFlexion of the forearm and internal rotation of the hand as a result of a quick blow to the acromion. It is elicited in hyperreflexic states. adductor reflexContraction of the adductor muscles of the thigh on applying pressure to or tapping the medial surface of the thigh or knee.allied reflexAny of the reflexes initiated by several stimuli originating in widely separated receptors whose impulses follow the final common path to the effector organ and reinforce one another. anal reflexContraction of the anal sphincter following irritation or stimulation of the skin around the anus. This reflex is lost if the second to fourth sacral nerves are injured. Synonym: anal winkankle clonus reflexA reflex elicited by quick, vigorous dorsiflexion of the foot while the knee is held in a flexed position, resulting in repeated clonic movement of the foot as long as it is maintained in dorsiflexion. In women with pregnancy-induced hypertension, this reflects hyperirritability of the central nervous system and increased risk for eclamptic convulsions. ankle reflexAchilles tendon reflex.antagonistic reflexesTwo or more reflexes initiated simultaneously in different receptors that involve the same motor center but produce opposite effects.asymmetrical tonic neck reflexIn an infant, extension of one or both extremities on the side to which the head is forcibly turned. Flexion of the extremities occurs on the other side. attention reflexChange in the size of the pupil when attention is suddenly fixed.audito-oculogyric reflexThe sudden turning of the head and eyes toward an alarming sound.auditory reflexAny reflex produced by stimulation of the auditory nerve, esp. blinking of the eyes at the sudden unexpected production of a sound.auriculocervical nerve reflexSnellen reflex.auriculopalpebral reflexKisch reflex.autonomic reflexAny reflex involving the response of a visceral effector (cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, or gland). Such reflexes always involve two efferent neurons (preganglionic and postganglionic). axon reflexA reflex that does not involve a complete reflex arc and hence is not a true reflex. Its afferent and efferent limbs are branches of a single nerve fiber, the axon (axon-like dendrite) of a sensory neuron. An example is vasodilation resulting from stimulation of the skin. Babinski reflex See: Babinski, Joseph-François-FelixBainbridge reflex See: Bainbridge, Francis ArthurBechterew reflex See: Bechterew, Vladimir Mikhailovichbiceps reflexFlexion of the forearm on percussion of the tendon of the biceps brachii.blink reflexSudden closing of the eyelids in response to turning of the head, loud noises, bright lights, or visual threats. Absence of this reflex occurs in blindness and in injuries to cranial nerves III, V, and VII. Brain reflex See: Brain reflexbregmocardiac reflexA reduced heart rate following pressure on the anterior fontanel.Breuer-Hering reflexHering-Breur reflex.Brissaud reflex See: Brissaud, Édouardbulbocavernosus reflexContraction of bulbocavernosus muscle on percussing the dorsum of the penis. Synonym: virile reflexbulbomimic reflex Synonym: Facial reflexbulbospongiosus reflexContraction of bulbospongiosus muscle on percussing the dorsum of the penis.cardiac reflexAn involuntary response consisting of a change in cardiac rate. Stimulation of sensory nerve endings in the wall of the carotid sinus by increased arterial blood pressure reflexively slows the heart (Marey law). Stimulation of vagus fibers in the right side of the heart by increased venous return reflexively increases the heart rate (Bainbridge reflex). cardiovascular reflex1. A sympathetic increase in heart rate when there is increased pressure in or distention of great veins.2. Reflex vasoconstriction resulting from reduced venous pressure.carotid sinus reflexA slowing of the heart rate and a fall in blood pressure when the carotid sinus is massaged. Carotid sinus massage may be used therapeutically to treat paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. cat's eye reflexIn children, an abnormal pupillary flash or reflection from the eye that may be momentary; may be white, yellow, or pink; and is best seen under diminished natural illumination. This reflex, which may be noticed first by a parent, may be caused by various conditions, the most important of which is retinoblastoma. It is also observed in tuberous sclerosis, inflammatory eye diseases, and some congenital malformations of the eye. See: retinoblastomaChaddock reflex See: Chaddock reflexchain reflexA reflex initiated by several separate serial reflexes, each activated by the preceding one.chemical reflexChemoreflex.chin reflexA clonic movement resulting from percussion or stroking of the lower jaw. Synonym: jaw jerk; jaw reflexciliary reflexThe normal contraction of the pupil in accommodation of vision from distant to near.ciliospinal reflexDilation of the pupil after stimulation of the skin of the neck by pinching or scratching.clasp-knife reflexQuick inhibition of the stretch reflex when extensor muscles are forcibly stretched by flexing the limb. cochleo-orbicular reflexCochleopalpebral reflex.cochleopalpebral reflexContraction of the orbicularis palpebrarum muscle resulting from a sudden noise produced near the ear. Synonym: cochleo-orbicular reflexconditioned reflexA reflex acquired as a result of training in which the cerebral cortex plays an essential part. Conditioned reflexes are learned, not inborn or inherited. Synonym: acquired reflexconjunctival reflexClosure of eyelids when the conjunctiva is touched or threatened.consensual reflexCrossed reflex.consensual light reflexThe reaction of both pupils that occurs when one eye is exposed to a greater intensity of light than the other. See: pupillary reflexcontralateral reflex1. Passive flexion of one part following flexion of another.2. Passive flexion of one leg, causing similar movement of the opposite leg.convulsive reflexA reflex induced by a weak stimulus and causing widespread uncoordinated and purposeless muscle contractions, seen in strychnine poisoning.corneal reflexClosure of eyelids resulting from direct corneal irritation. This reflex is mediated by the fifth cranial nerve. Synonym: lid reflexcorneomandibular reflexDeflexion of the mandible toward the opposite side when the cornea is irritated while the mouth is open and relaxed. cranial reflexAny reflex whose origin is in the brain. cremasteric reflexRetraction of the testis when the skin is stroked on the inner front side of the thigh.crossed reflexA reflex in which stimulation of one side of the body results in response on the opposite side. Synonym: consensual reflex; indirect reflexcrossed extension reflexAn extension of the lower extremity on the opposite side when a painful stimulus is applied to the skin. cry reflex1. The normal ability of an infant to cry. It is not usually present in premature infants. 2. The spontaneous crying by infants during sleep.dartos muscle reflexA wormlike contraction of the dartos muscle after a sudden application of cold to the perineum. When the dartos muscle fibers contract, the scrotal skin becomes wrinkled and is held close to the testes deep reflexDeep tendon reflex.deep tendon reflex Abbreviation: DTR An automatic motor response elicited by stimulating stretch receptors in subcutaneous tissues surrounding joints and tendons. The assessment of DTRs is typically made by striking a tendon (such as the Achilles or brachioradialis tendons) with a weighted hammer. Brisk or hyperactive responses are seen in conditions such as hyperthyroidism, stroke, preeclampsia, or spastic disorders. Diminished responses may be seen in patients with hypothyroidism, drug intoxication, and flaccid neuromuscular disorders. Synonym: deep reflex; muscle stretch reflex See: clonus; knee-jerk reflexdefense reflexRetraction or tension in response to an action or threatened action.delayed reflexA reflex that does not occur until several seconds after the application of a stimulus.depressor reflexA reflex that results in slowed muscle activity, as in the heart rate.digital reflexSudden flexion of the terminal phalanx of a finger or thumb when the nail is suddenly tapped.direct reflexA reflex in which response occurs on the same side as the stimulus.direct light reflexPrompt contraction of the sphincter of the iris when light entering through the pupil strikes the retina. diving reflexSlowing of the heart rate when a person's head is immersed in water. This reflex helps to protect a person from drowning, esp. in cold water. See: drowningdorsal reflexLumbar reflex.elbow reflexTriceps reflex.elementary reflexA typical reflex common to all vertebrates that includes the postural, flexion, stretch, and extensor thrust reflexes. embrace reflexMoro reflex.epigastric reflexContraction of the upper portion of the rectus abdominis muscle when the skin of the epigastric region is scratched. Erben reflex See: Erben reflexerector spinae reflexLumbar reflex.Escherich reflex See: Escherich reflexextensor plantar reflexExtension of the great toe when the sole of the foot is stimulated. See: Babinski reflexextensor thrust reflexA quick and brief extension of a limb when pressure is applied to its plantar surface.extrusion reflexAn infantile reflex in which the tongue moves outward after it has been touched. It is present from birth to 4 months. eyelid closure reflexContraction of the orbicularis palpebrarum muscle with closure of lids resulting from percussion above the supraorbital nerve. Synonym: McCarthy reflex; supraorbital reflexfacial reflexIn coma, contraction of facial muscles when pressure is applied to the eyeball. Synonym: bulbomimic reflex; Mondonesi reflexfascial reflexMuscular contraction resulting from percussing facial fascia.femoral reflexExtension of the knee and flexion of the foot resulting from irritation of the skin over the upper anterior third of the thigh.fencing reflexTonic neck reflex.flexor withdrawal reflexFlexion of a body part in response to a painful stimulus. Synonym: withdrawal reflexfront-tap reflexContraction of the gastrocnemius muscle when stretched muscles of the extended leg are percussed.gag reflexGagging and vomiting resulting from irritation of the throat or pharynx.Galant reflex See: Galant reflexgastrocolic reflexA peristaltic wave in the colon induced by entrance of food into the stomach.gastroileac reflexThe physiological relaxation of the ileocecal valve resulting from food in the stomach.Gault reflex See: Gault reflexGeigel reflex See: Geigel reflexGifford reflex See: Gifford reflexglabellar reflexBlinking of the eyes when the forehead just above the bridge of the nose is tapped. In most people, blinking stops after a few taps on the forehead. If it does not, significant brain disease may be present, e.g., Parkinson disease or any disease that causes frontal lobe atrophy. gluteal reflexContraction of the gluteal muscles from stimulation of the overlying skin.Gordon reflex See: Gordon reflexgrasp reflexThe grasping reaction of the fingers and toes when they are stimulated. This reflex is normal in the newborn but disappears as the nervous system matures. It may reappear later in life if a person suffers an injury to the frontal lobes of the brain. Grünfelder reflex See: Grünfelder reflexH reflexIn electrodiagnostic studies of spinal reflexes, the time required for a stimulus applied to a sensory nerve to travel to the spinal cord and return down the motor nerve. See: F responseHaab reflex See: Haab reflexheart reflexAny reflex, such as the Bainbridge reflex, in which the stimulation of a sensory nerve causes the heart rate to increase or decrease.Hering-Breuer reflex See: Hering-Breuer reflexHirschberg reflexHirschberg reflex.Hoffmann reflex See: Hoffmann, Johannhung-up reflexSlowness of the relaxation phase of deep tendon reflexes. It is present in hypothyroidism. hypochondrial reflexSudden inspiration resulting from abrupt pressure below the costal border.inborn reflexAn unconditioned reflex; an innate or inherited reflex.indirect reflexCrossed reflex.inflation reflexHering-Breuer reflex.inguinal reflexContractions of the musculature in the female groin when the upper thigh is scratched. See: Geigel reflexinterscapular reflexA scapular muscular contraction after percussion or stimulus between the scapulae.intersegmental reflexA reflex involving several segments of the spinal cord. Synonym: long reflexintestinal reflexMyenteric reflex.intrasegmental reflexA reflex that involves only a single segment of the spinal cord.jaw reflexChin reflex.Joffroy reflex See: Joffroy reflexJuster reflex See: Juster reflexkinetic reflexLabyrinthine righting reflex.Kisch reflex See: Kisch reflexknee-jerk reflexExtension of the leg after percussion of the patellar tendon. This is one of the myotatic or stretch reflexes important in maintaining posture. Synonym: patellar reflex; quadriceps reflexKocher reflex See: Kocher reflexlabyrinthine righting reflexA reflex, esp. a postural reflex, resulting from stimulation of receptors in the semicircular ducts, utricle, and saccule of the inner ear. This reflex helps orient the head in space and to the rest of the body. Synonym: kinetic reflex; optical righting reflex; tonic labyrinthine reflexlacrimal reflexSecretion of fluid after irritation of the corneal conjunctiva.Landau reflex See: Landau reflexlaryngeal reflexCoughing from irritation of the larynx or fauces. laughter reflexUncontrollable laughter resulting from tickling or the fear of tickling.letdown reflexThe movement of breast milk from the alveoli into the lactiferous ducts in response to oxytocin-stimulated contractions. The reflex may be stimulated by suckling or by an infant's crying. Stimulation of the nipple increases the secretion of oxytocin. This technique may be used to stimulate contraction of the postpartum uterus. lid reflexCorneal reflex.light reflexConstriction of the pupil when light is flashed into the eye.lip reflexThe reflex movement of the lips when the angle of the mouth is suddenly and lightly tapped during sleep. local reflexA reflex that does not involve the central nervous system, e.g., the myenteric reflex, which occurs even when extrinsic nerves to the intestine have been cut.long reflexIntersegmental reflex.Lovén reflex See: Lovén reflexlumbar reflexAn irritation of the skin over the erector spinae muscles, causing contraction of the back muscles. Synonym: dorsal reflex; erector spinae reflexLust reflex See: Lust reflexMagnus-de Kleijn reflexIn decerebrate rigidity, extension of the limbs on the side to which the chin is turned by rotating the head. There is flexion of the limbs on the opposite side. mandibular reflexClonic movement resulting from percussing or stroking the lower jaw.mass reflexAutonomic dysfunction that may occur as a late consequence of transection of the spinal cord. It is marked by episodes of sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, urinary incontinence, and muscular spasms of the legs. Mayer reflex See: Mayer reflexMendel reflex See: Mendel, KurtMendel-Bechterew reflex See: Mendel-Bechterew reflexMcCormac reflex See: McCormac reflexmonosynaptic reflexA reflex involving only two neurons (afferent and efferent).Moro reflex See: Moro reflexmuscle stretch reflexDeep tendon reflex.myenteric reflexReflex caused by distention of the intestine, resulting in contraction above the point of stimulation and relaxation below it. Synonym: intestinal reflexmyotatic reflexStretch reflex.nasal reflexSneezing resulting from irritation of nasal mucosa. nasomental reflexContraction of the mentalis muscle with elevation of lower lip and wrinkling of skin of chin. The reflex is elicited by percussion of the side of the nose. near reflexAccommodation reflex.neck-righting reflexIn a reclining infant, rotation of the trunk in the same direction in which the head is turned. This reflex appears at age 4 to 6 months and is no longer obtainable by age 2 years. nociceptive reflexA reflex initiated by a painful stimulus. nostril reflexReduction of the opening of the naris on the affected side in lung disease in proportion to lessened alveolar air capacity on the affected side.obliquus reflexContraction of the entire external obliquus muscle when the skin of the thigh below the inguinal ligament is simulated. oculocardiac reflex See: Aschner phenomenonoculodigital reflexA form of blindism characterized by repetitive rubbing of the eyes with fingers or the hands. See: blindismoculocephalic reflexThe deviation of a person's eyes to the opposite side when the head is rapidly rotated. This is a normal finding in neonates. In adults it is indicative of coma. Synonym: doll's eye movementOnanoff reflex See: Onanoff reflexoptical blink reflexInvoluntary closure of the eyelids after exposure to a bright light. Shining a bright light at an infant's eyes causes the eyes to blink and the head to flex backward. If this reflex is absent, further testing of cranial nerves II, III, IV, and VI is required. optical righting reflexLabyrinthine righting reflex.palatal reflexSwallowing induced by stimulation of the soft palate. palmar grasp reflexA normal reflex in a the newborn in which the baby's fingers spontaneously curl around any object placed within them and do not spontaneously let go. This reflex usually diminishes by age 3 to 4 months and disappears before age 6 months. The reflex reappears later in life in diseases that affect the frontal lobes of the brain. palmar reflexSwallowing induced by stimulation of the soft palate. palmomental reflexA contraction of the superficial muscles of the eye and chin produced on the same side as the palmar area that is stimulated by an examiner. This is an abnormal finding and indicates frontal disease. parachute reflexExtension of an infant's arms, hands, and fingers when the infant is suspended in the prone position and dropped a short distance onto a soft surface. This reaction appears at age 9 months and persists. An asymmetrical response indicates a motor nerve abnormality. Synonym: parachute responseparadoxical reflexA response to a stimulus that is unexpected and may be the opposite of what is considered normal.patellar reflexKnee-jerk reflex.pathological reflexAny abnormal reflex due to disease. penile reflex1. Sudden downward movement of the penis when the prepuce or gland of a completely relaxed penis is pulled upward. Synonym: virile reflex2. Contraction of the bulbocavernous muscle on percussing the dorsum of the penis. Synonym: virile reflex3. Contraction of the bulbocavernous muscle resulting from compression of the glans penis. Synonym: virile reflexpharyngeal reflexAn attempt to swallow when the pharynx is stimulated. pilomotor reflexPiloerection when the skin is cooled or as a result of emotional reaction.Piltz reflex See: Piltz reflexplacing reflexFlexion and then extension of an infant's leg that occurs when the infant is held erect and the dorsum of one foot is dragged along the underedge of a table top. This reflex lasts from birth until age 6 weeks. plantar reflex See: plantar graspplantar grasp reflexA grasp reflex resulting from gentle stimulation of the sole of the foot. This reflex lasts from birth until age 10 months. Synonym: sole reflexplatysmal reflexDilation of the pupil resulting from sharp pinching of the platysma myoides.pneocardiac reflexA change in the rate and rhythm of the heart and blood pressure when an irritant vapor is inhaled.pneopneic reflexA change in respiratory depth and rate, coughing, suffocation, and pulmonary edema when an irritant vapor is inhaled. postural reflexAny reflex concerned with maintaining posture. pressor reflexA reflex in which the response to stimulation is an increase in blood pressure caused by constriction of arterioles. proprioceptive reflexA reflex initiated by body movement to maintain the position of the moved part; any reflex initiated by stimulation of a proprioceptor.psychogalvanic reflexDecreased electric resistance of the skin in response to emotional stress or stimuli.pupillary reflex1. Constriction of the pupil upon stimulation of the retina by light. This reflex is mediated by the third cranial nerve. 2. Constriction of the pupil upon accommodation for near vision, and dilatation upon accommodation for far vision.3. Constriction of the pupil of one eye in response to stimulation of the other by light. 4. Constriction of the pupil upon attempted closure of eyelids that are held apart. pupillomotor reflexPurkinje phenomenon.quadriceps reflexKnee-jerk reflex.quadrupedal reflexExtension of the flexed arm on assuming a quadrupedal posture.quadrupedal extensor reflexBrain reflex.radial reflexFlexion of forearm resulting when the lower end of the radius is percussed.rectal reflexThe normal desire to evacuate feces present in the rectum.red eye reflexRed reflexred reflexThe red light reflection seen in ophthalmoscopic examination of the eye. Synonym: red eye reflexrighting reflexAny of the reflexes that enable an animal to maintain its body in a definite relationship to its head and thus maintain its body right side up.rooting reflexThe turning of an infant's mouth toward the stimulus when the infant's cheek is stroked. This reflex is present at birth; by age 4 months it is gone when the infant is awake; by age 7 months it is gone when the infant is asleep. Rossolimo reflex See: Rossolimo reflexRuggeri reflex See: Ruggeri reflexscapular reflexMuscular contraction following percussion or stimulus between the scapulae.scapulohumeral reflexA reflex in which the upper arm is adducted and rotated outward when the vertebral border of the scapula is percussed. Schäffer reflex See: Schäffer reflexscrotal reflexSlow vermicular contraction of the scrotal muscle when the perineum is stroked or cold is applied.segmental reflexA reflex in which afferent impulses enter the cord in the same segment or segments from which the efferent impulses emerge.sexual reflexA reflex concerned with sexual activities, esp. erection and ejaculation, which results from direct genital stimulation or indirectly from emotion, whether the individual is asleep or awake. short reflexA reflex involving one or a few segments of the spinal cord.simple reflexA reflex in which only two or possibly three neurons are interposed between receptor and effector organs. Snellen reflex See: Snellen, Hermansolar sneeze reflexA sneeze following exposure to bright sunlight. This reflex is and affects a great number of normal people; it may also be associated with rhinitis. The mechanism of the cause of this type of sneeze reflex is unknown. sole reflexPlantar grasp reflex.somatic reflexA reflex induced by stimulation of somatic sensory nerve endings.spinal reflexA reflex whose center is in the spinal cord. startle reflexMoro reflex.static reflexA reflex concerned with establishing and maintaining posture when the body is at rest.statokinetic reflexA reflex that occurs when the body is moving. stepping reflexMovements of progression elicited by holding an infant upright, inclined forward, and touching the soles of the feet to a flat surface. This reflex lasts from birth to age 6 weeks. stretch reflexThe contraction of a muscle caused by quick stretching of that muscle. Stretch reflexes are of primary importance in the maintenance of posture. Synonym: myotatic reflexsucking reflexA sucking movement of an infant's mouth produced by stroking the lips. A primitive form of this reflex is present in the fetus by the 16th week of gestation; it is fully developed by the time of birth. In adults, the presence of a sucking reflex is an indicator of severe dementia, frontal lobe disease, or extrapyramidal diseases. superficial reflexA cutaneous reflex caused by irritation of the skin or of areas that depend on the spinal cord as a motor center (such as the scapular, epigastric, and plantar reflexes) or on centers in the medulla (such as the conjunctival, pupillary, and palatal reflexes). This reflex is induced by a very light stimulus, e.g., stroking the skin lightly with a soft cotton swab. supraorbital reflexEyelid closure reflex.suprapubic reflexDeflection of the linea alba toward the stroked side when the abdomen is stroked above the inguinal ligament. swallowing reflexInvoluntary muscular activity in the oropharynx and nasopharynx when foods, tongue depressors, or other objects stimulate the back of the throat. This reflex is mediated by the deglutition center of the medulla oblongata, i.e., by cranial nerves VII, IX, X, and XI. symmetrical tonic neck reflexIn an infant, flexion or extension of the arms in response to flexion and extension, respectively, of the neck. tendon reflexA deep reflex obtained by sharply tapping the skin over the tendon of a muscle. It is exaggerated in upper neuron disease and diminished or lost in lower neuron disease. testis compression reflexContraction of abdominal muscles following moderate compression of a testis.Throckmorton reflex See: Throckmorton reflextoe reflexA reflex in which strong flexion of the great toe flexes all the muscles below the knee.tibioadductor reflexAdduction of either the stimulated leg or the opposite one when the tibia is percussed on the inner side.tonic labyrinthine reflexLabyrinthine righting reflex.tonic neck reflexThe ipsilateral extension and contralateral flexion of the supine infant's extremities when the head is turned to one side. This normal newborn reflex may not be evident immediately after birth; however, once it appears, it persists until about the third postnatal month. Synonym: fencing reflextonic vibration reflex Abbreviation: TVR A polysynaptic reflex believed to depend on spinal and supraspinal pathways.triceps reflexSharp extension of the forearm resulting from tapping of the triceps tendon while the arm is held loosely in a bent position. Synonym: elbow jerk; elbow reflextriceps surae reflexAchilles tendon reflex.true autonomic reflexA visceral response in which afferent impulses do not pass through the central nervous system but enter prevertebral ganglia where connections are made with efferent neurons. unconditioned reflexA reflex that is not acquired but is natural or inherited.urinary reflexA spinal cord reflex, initiated by accumulated urine stretching the bladder and the resulting contraction of the bladder to expel urine.vascular reflexVasomotor reflex.vasomotor reflexThe constriction or dilatation of a blood vessel in response to a stimulus, as in becoming pale from fright. Synonym: vascular reflexvesical reflexAn inclination to urinate caused by moderate bladder distention.vestibulocollic reflexA reaction that stabilizes the position of the head according to sensory information from the labyrinth of the ear and the nerves in the neck.virile reflex1. Bulbocavernosus reflex.2. Penile reflex.visceral reflexAny reflex induced by stimulation of the visceral nerves.visceromotor reflexContraction or tenseness of the skeletal muscles resulting from painful stimuli originating in visceral organs. viscerosensory reflexPain or tenderness elicited in somatic structures (skin and muscle) caused by visceral disorder. See: referred painwithdrawal reflexFlexor withdrawal reflex.zygomaticreflexThe movement of the lower jaw toward the percussed side when the zygomatic bone is percussed.acquired reflex Related to acquired reflex: conditioned reactionSynonyms for acquired reflexnoun an acquired response that is under the control of (conditional on the occurrence of) a stimulusSynonyms- conditional reaction
- conditional reflex
- conditional response
- conditioned reaction
- conditioned reflex
- conditioned response
Related Words- learned reaction
- learned response
- conditioned avoidance
- conditioned avoidance response
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