carboplatin

[kahr″bo-plat´in] a platinum coordination compound that interferes with functioning of cellular DNA; used as an antineoplastic agent to treat cancers of the ovary, lung, head and neck, testes, bladder, brain, and other organs.

carboplatin

Pharmacologic class: Alkylating agent

Therapeutic class: Antineoplastic

Pregnancy risk category D

FDA Box Warning

• Give under supervision of physician experienced in cancer chemotherapy, in facility with adequate diagnostic and treatment resources.

• Bone marrow suppression is dose-related and may be severe, resulting in infection and bleeding. Anemia may be cumulative and warrant transfusions.

• Vomiting is a common adverse effect.

• Anaphylactic-like reactions may occur within minutes of administration.

Action

Inhibits DNA synthesis by causing cross-linking of parent DNA strands; interferes with RNA transcription, causing growth imbalance that leads to cell death. Cell-cycle-phase nonspecific.

Availability

Injection: 50-mg, 150-mg, and 450-mg vials

Indications and dosages

➣ Initial treatment of advanced ovarian cancer or palliative treatment of ovarian cancer unresponsive to other chemotherapeutic modalities

Adults: Initially, 300 mg/m² I.V. (given with cyclophosphamide) at 4-week intervals. For refractory tumors, 360 mg/m² I.V. as a single dose; may be repeated at 4-week intervals, depending on response. However, single dose shouldn't be repeated until neutrophil count is at least 2,000/mm³ and platelet count at least 100,000/mm³. Subsequent dosages are based on blood counts.

Dosage adjustment

• Renal impairment

• Reduced bone marrow reserve

Off-label uses

• Advanced endometrial cancer

• Advanced or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck

• Relapsed and refractory acute leukemia

• Small-cell lung cancer

• Testicular cancer

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to drug, cisplatin, or mannitol

• Pregnancy or breastfeeding

Precautions

Use cautiously in:

• hearing loss, electrolyte imbalances, renal impairment, active infections, diminished bone marrow reserve

• females of childbearing age.

Administration

• Premedicate with antiemetics, as prescribed.

• When preparing and administering drug, follow facility protocol for handling cytotoxic drugs.

• Reconstitute powder for injection by adding sterile water for injection, 0.9% sodium chloride injection, or 5% dextrose injection, as appropriate, to provide 10-mg/ml solution. Drug may be further diluted to concentrations as low as 0.5 mg/ml.

• Don't use with needles or I.V. sets containing aluminum.

• Administer I.V. infusion over at least 15 minutes.

• Make sure patient maintains adequate fluid intake.

• Know that drug is given in combination with other agents.

Adverse reactions

CNS: weakness, dizziness, confusion, peripheral neuropathy, cerebrovascular accident

CV: heart failure, embolism

EENT: visual disturbances, ototoxicity

GI: nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, stomatitis

GU: gonadal suppression, nephrotoxicity

Hematologic: anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia Hepatic: hepatitis

Metabolic: hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia

Respiratory: bronchospasm

Skin: alopecia, rash, urticaria, erythema, pruritus

Other: altered taste, hypersensitivity reactions, anaphylaxis

Interactions

Drug-drug. Live-virus vaccines: decreased antibody response to vaccine, increased risk of adverse reactions

Myelosuppressants: additive bone marrow depression

Nephrotoxic or ototoxic drugs (such as aminoglycosides, loop diuretics): additive nephrotoxicity or ototoxicity

Phenytoin: decreased phenytoin blood level

Drug-diagnostic tests. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen, creatinine: increased values

Electrolytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin. neutrophils, platelets, red blood cells, white blood cells: decreased values

Patient monitoring

• Assess for signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions.

• Monitor CBC to help detect drug-induced anemia and other hematologic reactions.

• Monitor ALP, AST, and total bilirubin levels.

• Evaluate fluid and electrolyte balance.

Patient teaching

• Instruct patient to report signs and symptoms of allergic response and other adverse reactions, such as breathing problems, mouth sores, rash, itching, and reddened skin.

• Advise patient to report unusual bleeding or bruising.

• Caution patient to avoid driving and other hazardous activities until he knows how drug affects concentration and alertness.

• Urge patient to avoid activities that can cause injury. Advise him to use soft toothbrush and electric razor to avoid gum and skin injury.

• Instruct patient to drink plenty of fluids to ensure adequate urinary output.

• Provide dietary counseling and refer patient to dietitian as needed if GI adverse effects significantly limit food intake.

• As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs and tests mentioned above.

car·bo·plat·in

(kar'bō-pla-tin), A platinum-containing anticancer agent much like cisplatin but more toxic to the myeloid elements of bone marrow while producing less nausea and neuro-, oto-, and nephrotoxicity; used in the chemotherapy of solid tumors.

carboplatin

(kär′bō-plăt′n)n. A platinum-containing chemotherapeutic drug used primarily in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer.

carboplatin

A chemotherapeutic agent used to manage advanced ovarian, lung, head and neck and other cancers; it interacts with DNA in a manner similar to that of alkylating agents.
Adverse effects
Myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting diarrhoea, hair loss, pain, neurologic complaints.

carboplatin

Oncology A chemotherapeutic for advanced ovarian and other CAs Adverse effects Cytopenias, nausea, diarrhea, hair loss, pain, neurologic complaints

car·bo·plat·in

(kahr'bō-plat'in) A platinum-containing anticancer agent much like cisplatin but more toxic to the myeloid elements of bone marrow while producing less nausea and neuro-,oto-, and nephrotoxicity; used in the chemotherapy of solid tumors.

carboplatin

An anticancer drug. A brand name is Paraplatin.

单词	carboplatin
释义	carboplatin carboplatin [¦kär·bō′plat·ən] (medicine) A platinum coordination compound and anticancer agent used for advanced gynecologic malignancies, especially ovarian tumors, and for head and neck cancers and lung cancers. carboplatin carboplatin [kahr″bo-plat´in] a platinum coordination compound that interferes with functioning of cellular DNA; used as an antineoplastic agent to treat cancers of the ovary, lung, head and neck, testes, bladder, brain, and other organs. carboplatin *Pharmacologic class: Alkylating agent Therapeutic class: Antineoplastic Pregnancy risk category D* FDA Box Warning • Give under supervision of physician experienced in cancer chemotherapy, in facility with adequate diagnostic and treatment resources. • Bone marrow suppression is dose-related and may be severe, resulting in infection and bleeding. Anemia may be cumulative and warrant transfusions. • Vomiting is a common adverse effect. • Anaphylactic-like reactions may occur within minutes of administration. Action Inhibits DNA synthesis by causing cross-linking of parent DNA strands; interferes with RNA transcription, causing growth imbalance that leads to cell death. Cell-cycle-phase nonspecific. Availability Injection: 50-mg, 150-mg, and 450-mg vials Indications and dosages ➣ Initial treatment of advanced ovarian cancer or palliative treatment of ovarian cancer unresponsive to other chemotherapeutic modalities Adults: Initially, 300 mg/m² I.V. (given with cyclophosphamide) at 4-week intervals. For refractory tumors, 360 mg/m² I.V. as a single dose; may be repeated at 4-week intervals, depending on response. However, single dose shouldn't be repeated until neutrophil count is at least 2,000/mm³ and platelet count at least 100,000/mm³. Subsequent dosages are based on blood counts. Dosage adjustment • Renal impairment • Reduced bone marrow reserve Off-label uses • Advanced endometrial cancer • Advanced or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck • Relapsed and refractory acute leukemia • Small-cell lung cancer • Testicular cancer Contraindications • Hypersensitivity to drug, cisplatin, or mannitol • Pregnancy or breastfeeding Precautions Use cautiously in: • hearing loss, electrolyte imbalances, renal impairment, active infections, diminished bone marrow reserve • females of childbearing age. Administration • Premedicate with antiemetics, as prescribed. • When preparing and administering drug, follow facility protocol for handling cytotoxic drugs. • Reconstitute powder for injection by adding sterile water for injection, 0.9% sodium chloride injection, or 5% dextrose injection, as appropriate, to provide 10-mg/ml solution. Drug may be further diluted to concentrations as low as 0.5 mg/ml. • Don't use with needles or I.V. sets containing aluminum. • Administer I.V. infusion over at least 15 minutes. • Make sure patient maintains adequate fluid intake. • Know that drug is given in combination with other agents. Adverse reactions CNS: weakness, dizziness, confusion, peripheral neuropathy, cerebrovascular accident CV: heart failure, embolism EENT: visual disturbances, ototoxicity GI: nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, stomatitis GU: gonadal suppression, nephrotoxicity Hematologic: anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia Hepatic: hepatitis Metabolic: hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia Respiratory: bronchospasm Skin: alopecia, rash, urticaria, erythema, pruritus Other: altered taste, hypersensitivity reactions, anaphylaxis Interactions Drug-drug. Live-virus vaccines: decreased antibody response to vaccine, increased risk of adverse reactions Myelosuppressants: additive bone marrow depression Nephrotoxic or ototoxic drugs (such as aminoglycosides, loop diuretics): additive nephrotoxicity or ototoxicity Phenytoin: decreased phenytoin blood level Drug-diagnostic tests. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen, creatinine: increased values Electrolytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin. neutrophils, platelets, red blood cells, white blood cells: decreased values Patient monitoring • Assess for signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions. • Monitor CBC to help detect drug-induced anemia and other hematologic reactions. • Monitor ALP, AST, and total bilirubin levels. • Evaluate fluid and electrolyte balance. Patient teaching • Instruct patient to report signs and symptoms of allergic response and other adverse reactions, such as breathing problems, mouth sores, rash, itching, and reddened skin. • Advise patient to report unusual bleeding or bruising. • Caution patient to avoid driving and other hazardous activities until he knows how drug affects concentration and alertness. • Urge patient to avoid activities that can cause injury. Advise him to use soft toothbrush and electric razor to avoid gum and skin injury. • Instruct patient to drink plenty of fluids to ensure adequate urinary output. • Provide dietary counseling and refer patient to dietitian as needed if GI adverse effects significantly limit food intake. • As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs and tests mentioned above. car·bo·plat·in (kar'bō-pla-tin), A platinum-containing anticancer agent much like cisplatin but more toxic to the myeloid elements of bone marrow while producing less nausea and neuro-, oto-, and nephrotoxicity; used in the chemotherapy of solid tumors. carboplatin (kär′bō-plăt′n)n. A platinum-containing chemotherapeutic drug used primarily in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. carboplatin A chemotherapeutic agent used to manage advanced ovarian, lung, head and neck and other cancers; it interacts with DNA in a manner similar to that of alkylating agents. Adverse effects Myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting diarrhoea, hair loss, pain, neurologic complaints. carboplatin Oncology A chemotherapeutic for advanced ovarian and other CAs Adverse effects Cytopenias, nausea, diarrhea, hair loss, pain, neurologic complaints car·bo·plat·in (kahr'bō-plat'in) A platinum-containing anticancer agent much like cisplatin but more toxic to the myeloid elements of bone marrow while producing less nausea and neuro-,oto-, and nephrotoxicity; used in the chemotherapy of solid tumors. carboplatin An anticancer drug. A brand name is Paraplatin. AcronymsSeeCBCDA
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