bone marrow

n. The soft tissue that fills most bone cavities and consists of yellowish fatty tissue or reddish vascular tissue. In adult mammals, the bone marrow of certain bones is the location of stem cells that give rise to the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

bone marrow

n (Anatomy) See marrow¹¹

bone marrow

The spongy, red tissue that fills the bone cavities of mammals. Bone marrow is the source of red blood cells, platelets, and most white blood cells.

bone marrow

Soft red and yellow substances that fill cavities in bone. Red bone marrow forms blood. Yellow bone marrow contains fat.

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	bone marrow - the fatty network of connective tissue that fills the cavities of bonesmarrowbone, os - rigid connective tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebratesred bone marrow, red marrow - bone marrow of children and some adult bones that is required for the formation of red blood cellsyellow bone marrow, yellow marrow - bone marrow that is yellow with fat; found at the ends of long bones in adultsconnective tissue - tissue of mesodermal origin consisting of e.g. collagen fibroblasts and fatty cells; supports organs and fills spaces between them and forms tendons and ligamentsimmune system - a system (including the thymus and bone marrow and lymphoid tissues) that protects the body from foreign substances and pathogenic organisms by producing the immune response
	2.	bone marrow - very tender and very nutritious tissue from marrowbonesmarrowdainty, goody, kickshaw, treat, delicacy - something considered choice to eatmarrowbone - a bone containing edible marrow; used especially in flavoring soup

Translations

bone marrow

bone marrow,

soft tissue filling the spongy interiors of animal bones. Red marrow is the principal organ that forms blood cells in mammals, including humans (see bloodblood,
fluid pumped by the heart that circulates throughout the body via the arteries, veins, and capillaries (see circulatory system; heart). An adult male of average size normally has about 6 quarts (5.6 liters) of blood.
..... Click the link for more information. ). In children, the bones contain only red marrow. As the skeleton matures, fat-storing yellow marrow displaces red marrow in the shafts of the long bones of the limbs. In adults red marrow remains chiefly in the ribs, the vertebrae, the pelvic bones, and the skull. Erythrocytes (red blood cells), platelets, and all but one kind of leukocyte (white blood cell) are manufactured in human red marrow. The marrow releases about 10 million to 15 million new erythrocytes every second, while an equivalent number are destroyed by the spleen.

Diseases of the marrow, such as leukemialeukemia
, cancerous disorder of the blood-forming tissues (bone marrow, lymphatics, liver, spleen) characterized by excessive production of immature or mature leukocytes (white blood cells; see blood) and consequently a crowding-out of red blood cells and platelets.
..... Click the link for more information. or multiple myeloma, or injury to it from metallic poisons can interfere with the production of erythrocytes, causing anemiaanemia
, condition in which the concentration of hemoglobin in the circulating blood is below normal. Such a condition is caused by a deficient number of erythrocytes (red blood cells), an abnormally low level of hemoglobin in the individual cells, or both these conditions
..... Click the link for more information. . A bone marrow biopsy, in which a small sample of bone marrow is obtained by aspiration through a thin needle, may be used to aid in the diagnosis of leukemia, anemia, and other blood disorders, as well as to gain insight on the normal functioning of the cells of the bone marrow.

Bone marrow transplantation is a technique that infuses healthy bone marrow into a patient whose bone marrow is defective. The transplant can be autologous, consisting of bone marrow removed from the patient, treated, and then reinserted, or it can be allogeneic, consisting of healthy bone marrow obtained from a closely related donor, such as a sibling (see transplantation, medicaltransplantation, medical,
surgical procedure by which a tissue or organ is removed and replaced by a corresponding part, usually from another part of the body or from another individual.
..... Click the link for more information. ). Bone marrow transplants are most frequently undergone for leukemia, severe forms of anemia, and disorders of the immune system. The major complications are graft-versus-host disease (as a result of allogeneic transplantation) and infections that occur before the transplanted marrow begins to produce leukocytes.

Bone Marrow

the tissue that fills the cavities of the bones in vertebrate animals and man. A distinction is made between red marrow, with a predominance of hematopoietic myeloid tissue, and yellow marrow, with a predominance of fatty tissue. Red marrow remains throughout life in the flat bones (ribs, sternum, and cranial and pelvic bones) and in the vertebrae and epiphyses of the long bones. In man, bone marrow constitutes approximately 1.5 percent of the body mass. The hematopoietic tissue in the cavities of the long bones is eventually replaced by fatty tissue and the marrow becomes yellow.

Red bone marrow is the main hematopoietic organ in man and other adult mammals. The red blood cells, granular leukocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils), blood platelets (thrombocytes), and marrow lymphocytes are produced by the red bone marrow. Bone marrow contains hematopoietic stem cells (approximately 0.1 percent of all its cells). Owing to their capacity for repeated division and development into all forms of hematopoietic and lymphoid cells, stem cells sustain hematopoiesis in the bone marrow and replace the white and red blood cells that are constantly being destroyed in the body. Bone marrow primarily consists of different series of maturing cells (erythroid, myeloid, lymphocytic megakaryocytic). All are produced and replenished by the stem cells, and some are capable of repeated division. The relative amount of maturing cells of the individual blood series and of more or less mature cellular forms of each series in bone marrow is an important characteristic of hematopoiesis. As the cells from the bone marrow mature, they enter the bloodstream. In addition to mature cells, some hematopoietic stem cells emerge from the bone marrow and migrate to other hematopoietic organs. The basis of bone marrow is reticular tissue, which forms the syncytium, in which the hematopoietic cells are distributed. The multiplication and maturation of these cells are largely dependent on their interaction with reticular tissue (which is also capable of forming bone, a phenomenon manifested during the healing of bone fractures). The rate of hematopoiesis in bone marrow can increase sharply. As a result, a substantial loss of blood cells (for example, in bleeding) or the destruction of many bone marrow cells is usually compensated for quickly. However, bone marrow (especially its stem cells) is highly sensitive to certain agents (for example, ionizing radiation). Therefore, the condition of bone marrow is one of the principal factors determining the body’s resistance to such agents.

REFERENCES

Zavarzin, A. A., and A. V. Rumiantsev. Kurs gistologii, 6th ed. Moscow, 1946.
Chertkov, I. L., and A. la. Fridenshtein. “Rodonachal’naia krovetvornaia kletka i ee differentsirovka.” Uspekhi sovremennoi biologii, 1966, vol. 62, no. 1.

A. IA. FRIDENSHTEIN

bone marrow

[′bōn ‚mar·ō] (histology) A vascular modified connective tissue occurring in the long bones and certain flat bones of vertebrates.

Bone marrow

marrow

[mar´o] soft spongy material; called also medulla. The term is often restricted to mean marrow" >bone marrow.bone marrow the soft, organic, spongelike material in the cavities of bones; called also medulla ossium. It is a network of blood vessels and special connective tissue fibers that hold together a composite of fat and blood-producing cells. Its chief function is to manufacture erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets" >platelets. These blood cells normally do not enter the bloodstream until they are fully developed, so that the marrow contains cells in all stages of growth. If the body's demand for leukocytes is increased because of infection, the marrow responds immediately by stepping up production. The same is true if more erythrocytes are needed, as in hemorrhage or anemia.
There are two types of marrow, red and yellow. The former produces the blood cells; the latter, which is mainly formed of fatty tissue, normally has no blood-producing function. During infancy and early childhood all bone marrow is red. But gradually, as one gets older and less blood cell production is needed, the fat content of the marrow increases as some of it turns from red to yellow. Red marrow is present in adulthood only in the flat bones of the skull, the sternum, ribs, vertebral column, clavicle, humerus, and part of the femur. However, under certain conditions, as after hemorrhage, yellow marrow in other bones may again be converted to red and resume its cell-producing functions.
The marrow is occasionally subject to disease, as in aplastic anemia" >aplastic anemia, which may be caused by destruction of the marrow by chemical agents or excessive x-ray exposure. Other diseases that affect the bone marrow are leukemia, pernicious anemia, myeloma, and metastatic tumors.

Cells of the bone marrow and the blood. From Malarkey and McMorrow, 2000.

bone mar·row

[TA] the soft, pulpy tissue filling the medullary cavities of bones, having a stroma of reticular fibers and cells; it differs in consistency by age and location.
See also: gelatinous bone marrow, red bone marrow, yellow bone marrow. Synonym(s): medulla ossium [TA]

bone marrow

n. The soft, fatty, vascular tissue that fills most bone cavities and is the source of red blood cells and many white blood cells.

bone marrow

The soft, spongy tissue in the centre of large bones, which is composed of mature and immature blood cells and fat. Bone marrow produces leukocytes, erythrocytes and platelets from cognate stem cells, and is the body’s most radiation-sensitive tissue.

BONE MARROW

A trial assessing the safety of the proprietary Biosense system for percutaneous injection of autologous bone marrow into ischaemic myocardium of patients with refractory angina.

Primary endpoints
Major acute coronary events at 30 days.

Conclusion
Autologous bone marrow cell injection in patients with ischemia is safe and results in a sustained beneficial effect on anginal symptoms, myocardial perfusion and left ventricular function.

bone mar·row

(bōn mar'ō) [TA] The tissue filling the cavities of bones, having a stroma of reticular fibers and cells.

marrow

(mar'o)

RED BONE MARROW: Red bone marrow can only be found in the ribs, sternum, vertebrae, skull, pelvis, and upper parts of both the humerus and femur. All other bones contain yellow marrow.1. The soft tissue in the marrow cavities of long bones (yellow marrow) and in the spaces between trabeculae of spongy bone in the sternum and other flat and irregular bones (red marrow). Yellow marrow consists principally of fat cells and connective tissue and does not participate in hematopoiesis. Red marrow produces redf blood cells. Synonym: bone marrow; medulla (1) See: illustration2. The substance of the spinal cord. Synonym: spinal marrow

bone marrow

Marrow (1).

gelatinous marrow

Yellow marrow of the old or the emaciated, almost devoid of fat and having a gelatinous consistency.

spinal marrow

Marrow (2).illustration

bone marrow

The substance contained within bone cavities. This is red in the flat bones and the vertebrae, and yellow from fat in adult long bones. The volume of the red marrow in young adults is about 15 l. The basic marrow stem cell differentiates into HAEMOGLOBIN-carrying red blood cells, the white blood cells of the immune system and the blood PLATELETS which are essential for BLOOD CLOTTING.

bone marrow

a modified connective tissue of a vascular nature found in long bones and some flat bones of vertebrates; it is responsible for the manufacture of blood cells.

Bone marrow

A substance found in the cavities of bones, especially the long bones and the sternum (breast bone). The bone marrow contains those cells that are responsible for the production of the blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets).Mentioned in: Aplastic Anemia, Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cancer Therapy, Supportive, Hairy Cell Leukemia, Immunologic Therapies, Leukemia Stains, Platelet Function Disorders, Porphyrias, Sickle Cell Disease, Thalassemia

bone mar·row

(bōn mar'ō) [TA] The tissue filling the cavities of bones, having a stroma of reticular fibers and cells.

Patient discussion about Bone marrow

Q. What is a bone marrow transplant? I wanted to enter myself as a potential bone marrow donor and wanted to know first of all what bone marrow is? What does a bone marrow transplant mean and how is it done?A. Bone marrow is a soft, fatty tissue inside the bones. This is where blood cells are produced, and where they develop. Transplanted bone marrow will restore production of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Donated bone marrow must match the patient's tissue type. It can be taken from the patient, a living relative (usually a brother or a sister), or from an unrelated donor. Donors are matched through special blood tests called HLA tissue typing. Bone marrow is taken from the donor in the operating room while the donor is unconscious and pain-free (under general anesthesia). Some of the donor's bone marrow is removed from the top of the hip bone. The bone marrow is filtered, treated, and transplanted immediately or frozen and stored for later use. Transplant marrow is transfused into the patient through a vein (IV) and is naturally carried into the bone cavities where it grows to replace the old bone marrow.

Q. What is Leukemia? My brother's best friend has been diagnosed with Leukemia. What is it? Is it dangerous? Can you recover from it?A. Leukemia is the general name for four different types of blood cancers. In people with leukemia, the bone marrow produces abnormal white blood cells. The abnormal cells are leukemia cells. At first, leukemia cells function almost normally. In time, they may crowd out normal white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. This makes it hard for blood to do its work. After diagnosis, many people with leukemia do survive and live many good, quality years. The relative five-year survival rate has more than tripled in the past 47 years for patients with leukemia. In 1960-63, when compared to a person without leukemia, a patient had a 14 percent chance of living five years. By 1975-77, the five year relative survival rate had jumped to 35 percent, and in 1996-2003 the overall relative survival rate was nearly 50 percent.

More discussions about Bone marrow

bone marrow

Related to bone marrow: Bone marrow biopsy, Bone marrow cancer

noun

Synonyms for bone marrow

noun the fatty network of connective tissue that fills the cavities of bones

Synonyms

marrow

Related Words

bone
os
red bone marrow
red marrow
yellow bone marrow
yellow marrow
connective tissue
immune system

noun very tender and very nutritious tissue from marrowbones

Synonyms

marrow

Related Words

dainty
goody
kickshaw
treat
delicacy
marrowbone