单词 | cholestyramine |
释义 | cholestyraminecho·le·styr·a·mineC0320700 (kō′lĭ-stîr′ə-mēn′, kō-lĕs′tə-răm′ēn)cholestyramine(ˌkɒlɪˈstaɪərəˌmiːn)cholestyramineresin[rez´in]cholestyraminePharmacologic class: Bile acid sequestrant Therapeutic class: Lipid-lowering agent Pregnancy risk category C ActionCombines with bile acid in GI tract to form insoluble complex excreted in feces. Complex regulates and increases cholesterol synthesis, thereby decreasing serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels. AvailabilityPowder for suspension; powder for suspension with aspartame: 4 g cholestyramine/packet or scoop Indications and dosages➣ Primary hypercholesterolemia and pruritus caused by biliary obstruction; primary hyperlipidemia Adults: Initially, 4 g P.O. once or twice daily. May increase as needed and tolerated, up to 24 g/day in six divided doses. Off-label uses• Antibiotic-induced pseudomembranous colitis • Adjunct in infantile diarrhea • Digoxin toxicity Contraindications• Hypersensitivity to drug, its components, or other bile-acid sequestering resins • Complete biliary obstruction • Phenylketonuria (suspension containing aspartame) PrecautionsUse cautiously in: • history of constipation or abnormal intestinal function • pregnant patients • children. Administration• Mix powder with soup, cereal, pulpy fruit, juice, milk, or water. • Administer 1 hour before or 4 to 6 hours after other drugs. • Be aware that fat-soluble vitamin supplements may be necessary with long-term drug use. ![]() Adverse reactionsCNS: headache, anxiety, vertigo, dizziness, insomnia, fatigue, syncope EENT: tinnitus GI: nausea, vomiting, constipation, abdominal discomfort, fecal impaction, flatulence, hemorrhoids, perianal irritation, steatorrhea GU: hematuria, dysuria, diuresis, burnt odor to urine Hematologic: anemia, ecchymosis Hepatic: hepatic dysfunction Metabolic: vitamin A, D, E, and K deficiencies; hyperchloremic acidosis Musculoskeletal: joint pain, arthritis, back pain, muscle pain Respiratory: wheezing, asthma Skin: hypersensitivity reaction (irritation, rash, urticaria) Other: tongue irritation InteractionsDrug-drug. Acetaminophen, amiodarone, clindamycin, clofibrate, corticosteroids, digoxin, diuretics, fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K), gemfibrozil, glipizide, imipramine, methotrexate, methyldopa, mycophenolate, niacin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, penicillin, phenytoin, phosphates, propranolol, tetracyclines, tolbutamide, thyroid preparations, ursodiol, warfarin: decreased absorption and effects of these drugs Drug-diagnostic tests. Alkaline phosphatase: increased level Hemoglobin: decreased value Prothrombin time: increased Patient monitoring• Monitor CBC with white cell differential and liver function test results. • If bleeding or bruising occurs, monitor prothrombin time. Drug may reduce vitamin K absorption. • Watch for constipation, especially in patients with coronary artery disease. Take appropriate steps to prevent this problem. Patient teachingSee Instruct patient to immediately report yellowing of skin or eyes or easy bruising or bleeding. • Tell patient to take drug 1 hour before or 4 to 6 hours after other drugs. • Teach patient about role of diet in controlling cholesterol level and preventing constipation. • Instruct patient to avoid inhaling or ingesting raw powder. Tell him to mix powder with food, juice, or milk before consuming. • As appropriate, review all other significant and life-threatening adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs and tests mentioned above. cho·le·styr·a·mine res·incholestyramine(kō′lĭ-stîr′ə-mēn′, kō-lĕs′tə-răm′ēn)cholestyramineCardiology A bile acid sequestrant that ↑ conversion of cholesterol into bile acids, and secondarily stimulates the synthesis of LD receptors Pros ↓ risk of CAD, generally safe Cons Expensive, inconvenient, GI side effects. See Cholesterol.cholestyramineColestyramine, a drug used in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDAEMIA. It is an anion-exchange resin that binds bile acids so that they cannot be reabsorbed and are lost in the stools. This stimulates the conversion of body cholesterol into more bile acids. A brand name is Questran.Cholestyramine (Questran) |
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