| 释义 |
avalanche
av·a·lanche A0542700 (ăv′ə-lănch′)n.1. A fall or slide of a large mass of material, especially of snow, down a mountainside.2. A massive or overwhelming amount; a flood: received an avalanche of mail.v. av·a·lanched, av·a·lanch·ing, av·a·lanch·es v.intr. To fall or slide in a massive or overwhelming amount.v.tr. To overwhelm; inundate.
[French; akin to Provençal lavanca, ravine, perhaps ultimately from Latin lābī, to slip.]avalanche (ˈævəˌlɑːntʃ) n1. (Physical Geography) a. a fall of large masses of snow and ice down a mountainb. a fall of rocks, sand, etc2. a sudden or overwhelming appearance of a large quantity of things: an avalanche of letters. 3. (General Physics) physics a group of ions or electrons produced by a single ion or electron as a result of a collision with some other form of mattervbto come down overwhelmingly (upon)[C18: from French, by mistaken division from la valanche, from valanche, from (northwestern Alps) dialect lavantse; related to Old Provençal lavanca, of obscure origin]av•a•lanche (ˈæv əˌlæntʃ, -ˌlɑntʃ)
n., v. -lanched, -lanch•ing. n. 1. a mass of snow, ice, etc., detached from a mountain slope and sliding or falling suddenly downward. 2. anything like an avalanche in suddenness and overwhelming quantity: an avalanche of mail. 3. a cumulative ionization process in which the ions and electrons of one generation undergo collisions that produce a greater number of ions and electrons in succeeding generations. v.i. 4. to come down in or like an avalanche. v.t. 5. to overwhelm with a large amount of anything. [1755–65; < French < dial. (Savoy) avalantse] av·a·lanche (ăv′ə-lănch′) The fall or slide of a large mass, as of snow or rock, down the side of a mountain.avalanche
Past participle: avalanched
Gerund: avalanching
| Imperative |
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| avalanche | | avalanche |
| Present |
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| I avalanche | | you avalanche | | he/she/it avalanches | | we avalanche | | you avalanche | | they avalanche |
| Preterite |
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| I avalanched | | you avalanched | | he/she/it avalanched | | we avalanched | | you avalanched | | they avalanched |
| Present Continuous |
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| I am avalanching | | you are avalanching | | he/she/it is avalanching | | we are avalanching | | you are avalanching | | they are avalanching |
| Present Perfect |
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| I have avalanched | | you have avalanched | | he/she/it has avalanched | | we have avalanched | | you have avalanched | | they have avalanched |
| Past Continuous |
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| I was avalanching | | you were avalanching | | he/she/it was avalanching | | we were avalanching | | you were avalanching | | they were avalanching |
| Past Perfect |
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| I had avalanched | | you had avalanched | | he/she/it had avalanched | | we had avalanched | | you had avalanched | | they had avalanched |
| Future |
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| I will avalanche | | you will avalanche | | he/she/it will avalanche | | we will avalanche | | you will avalanche | | they will avalanche |
| Future Perfect |
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| I will have avalanched | | you will have avalanched | | he/she/it will have avalanched | | we will have avalanched | | you will have avalanched | | they will have avalanched |
| Future Continuous |
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| I will be avalanching | | you will be avalanching | | he/she/it will be avalanching | | we will be avalanching | | you will be avalanching | | they will be avalanching |
| Present Perfect Continuous |
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| I have been avalanching | | you have been avalanching | | he/she/it has been avalanching | | we have been avalanching | | you have been avalanching | | they have been avalanching |
| Future Perfect Continuous |
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| I will have been avalanching | | you will have been avalanching | | he/she/it will have been avalanching | | we will have been avalanching | | you will have been avalanching | | they will have been avalanching |
| Past Perfect Continuous |
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| I had been avalanching | | you had been avalanching | | he/she/it had been avalanching | | we had been avalanching | | you had been avalanching | | they had been avalanching |
| Conditional |
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| I would avalanche | | you would avalanche | | he/she/it would avalanche | | we would avalanche | | you would avalanche | | they would avalanche |
| Past Conditional |
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| I would have avalanched | | you would have avalanched | | he/she/it would have avalanched | | we would have avalanched | | you would have avalanched | | they would have avalanched |
avalancheA great mass of snow that suddenly slides down a slope.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  avalanche - a slide of large masses of snow and ice and mud down a mountainslide - (geology) the descent of a large mass of earth or rocks or snow etc.lahar - an avalanche of volcanic water and mud down the slopes of a volcano | | 2. | avalanche - a sudden appearance of an overwhelming number of things; "the program brought an avalanche of mail"happening, natural event, occurrence, occurrent - an event that happens | | Verb | 1. |  avalanche - gather into a huge mass and roll down a mountain, of snowroll downcome down, descend, go down, fall - move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way; "The temperature is going down"; "The barometer is falling"; "The curtain fell on the diva"; "Her hand went up and then fell again" |
avalanchenoun1. snow-slide, landslide, landslip, snow-slip Four people died when an avalanched buried them alive last week.2. large amount, barrage, torrent, deluge, inundation He was greeted with an avalanche of publicity.Translationsavalanche (ˈӕvəlaːnʃ) noun a fall of snow and ice down a mountain. Two skiers were buried by the avalanche. 雪崩 雪崩avalanche
avalanche, rapidly descending large mass of snow, ice, soil, rock, or mixtures of these materials, sliding or falling in response to the force of gravity. Avalanches, which are natural forms of erosion and often seasonal, are usually classified by their content such as a debris or snow avalanche. Speeds can reach over 200 mi per hr (300 km per hr). They are triggered by such events as earthquake tremors, human-caused disturbances, or excessive rainfall on high gradient slopes, often where materials are loosely consolidated or weathered. Avalanches of snow result when weak layers within a snowpack fail to support the weight of the snow above it and collapse, causing the overlying snow to break free and flow downhill. A high proportion of people who die in snow avalanches trigger the event, typically when skiing or snowmobiling in backcountry areas where the risk of an avalanche is higher. Destruction from avalanches results both from the avalanche wind (the air pushed ahead of the mass) and from the actual impact of the avalanche material.avalanche A process such as that in which a single ionization leads to a large number of ions. The electrons and ions produced ionize more atoms, so that the number of ions multiplies quickly. See Geiger counter.Avalanche (Russian lavina, from the German Lawine, from the Late Latin labina, “landslide”), masses of snow on mountain slopes that begin moving and slide downward. Avalanches may occur in all mountain regions where there are stable snow covers. Snow accumulated on mountain slopes is freed when (1) the slopes are overloaded with snow during a storm or as a result of low cohesive force between new snow and the underlying surface in the first two days after a snowfall ends (dry snow avalanches); (2) a water lubricant is formed between the bottom surface of the snow and the underlying surface of the slope during thaws or rains (wet snow avalanches); or (3) a loose layer consisting of disconnected deep-lying frost crystals forms in the lower parts of the snow stratum (sublimation diaphthore-sis avalanches). The reason for the loosening is that temperatures are higher in the lower snow horizons, and water vapor moves from there to the higher (and colder) horizons. This causes evaporation of snow in the warm horizon, and it becomes the slide horizon. Three types of avalanches may be distinguished, depending on the nature of snow movement along the slopes: osovy (snowslide) avalanches, which slide along the entire surface of the slope without channels; chute avalanches, which move in hollows, ravines, and eroded furrows; and leaping avalanches, which fall freely from ledges. The average speed of avalanches is 20–30 m per sec. The fall of an avalanche is usually accompanied by a low whistle (if dry snow is falling), by a scraping sound (if the snow is wet), or by a deafening roar (if an avalanche wind occurs). The frequency of avalanches and their size depend on the morphology of the avalanche. Chute avalanches from deep hollows occur frequently but are not large; avalanches rarely originate by disruption of cirques, but when they do, such avalanches reach huge proportions. The remains of avalanches usually form névé basins. Avalanches have enormous destructive force. They cause major disasters and prevent the normal operation of roads, industrial installations, and sports facilities. Preventive measures include maintaining a mountain avalanche service and mountain engineering surveillance, forecasting the time when avalanches will come down, and artificially setting off avalanches by firing guns and by setting off explosions. Engineering protective measures consist in preventing snow from sliding in avalanche channels by planting trees on the slopes and reinforcing them with support structures, using guide dikes to divert avalanches from the objects being protected, and running the avalanches over the object by means of suspended covers and tunnels. In areas subject to avalanches special maps are compiled indicating regions with significant, medium, and slight danger and also regions with potential danger—areas that are safe at the present time but could become dangerous if forests were cut, earth were removed from the slopes, and so on. REFERENCESTushinskii, G. K. Ledniki, snezhniki, laviny Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moscow, 1963.
Losev, K. S. Laviny SSSR. Leningrad, 1966.
Lavinoopasnye raiony Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moscow, 1970.
Inzhenernaia gliatsiologiia. Moscow, 1971.
Karta lavinoopasnykh raionov Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moscow, 1971.G. K. TUSHINSKII What does it mean when you dream about an avalanche?An avalanche signifies being overwhelmed, especially by emotions that could not be experienced or previously expressed owing to the “frozen” nature of the individual. avalanche[′av·ə‚lanch] (electronics) The cumulative process in which an electron or other charged particle accelerated by a strong electric field collides with and ionizes gas molecules, thereby releasing new electrons which in turn have more collisions, so that the discharge is thus self-maintained. Also known as avalanche effect; cascade; cumulative ionization; electron avalanche; Townsend avalanche; Townsend ionization. Cumulative multiplication of carriers in a semiconductor as a result of avalanche breakdown. Also known as avalanche effect. (hydrology) A mass of snow or ice moving rapidly down a mountain slope or cliff. avalanche1. a. a fall of large masses of snow and ice down a mountain b. a fall of rocks, sand, etc. 2. Physics a group of ions or electrons produced by a single ion or electron as a result of a collision with some other form of matter Avalanche (dreams)The material which makes up the avalanche is snow, and snow is frozen water. Water symbolizes your emotions, the unconscious, and, at times, life itself. Therefore, this dream is about rapidly and violently descending emotions and thoughts. Emotions which may have been repressed have finally been unlocked and may be overwhelming you. You may have this dream during emotionally turbulent times of your life, or in your dreams you may be remembering and reliving some difficult emotional experiences. Old dream interpretation books say that burial in an avalanche may result in good luck in the near future. Therefore, they think that it is a dream of the contrary.avalanche
Nuclear medicine Avalanche ionization
Wilderness medicine A natural disaster in which massive unsorted mixtures of snow/ice/rock/mud cascade down a steep incline. Powder snow avalanches can exceed speeds of 300 km/h, and masses of 10,000,000 tonnes
Statistics Europe, 150 deaths/year; USA/Canada, 15/year; most are recreational—e.g., snowmobilers, mountaineers, back-country skiers
Avalanche risks Decreased snow stability; slope angles > 35º
Emergency action Do not wait; even in well-equipped ski areas, helicopters take 45 minute to arrive
Survival 15 minutes—85%; 30 minutes—40%; 1 hour—20%; 2 hours—0%
Cause of death Crush injury, hypothermia, suffocationavalanche Geomedicine A natural disaster in which a massive block of snow cascades down a steep incline Statistics In North America, ± 15 die thereof/yr; in Europe, 150/yr; most are recreational deaths–eg, snowmobilers, mountaineers, backcountry skiers Avalanche risks ↓ Snow stability; slope angles > 35º COD Crush injury, asphyxia. See Geological disaster. AcronymsSeeAVsavalanche
Related to avalanche: Avalanche breakdownSynonyms for avalanchenoun snow-slideSynonyms- snow-slide
- landslide
- landslip
- snow-slip
noun large amountSynonyms- large amount
- barrage
- torrent
- deluge
- inundation
Synonyms for avalanchenoun a slide of large masses of snow and ice and mud down a mountainRelated Wordsnoun a sudden appearance of an overwhelming number of thingsRelated Words- happening
- natural event
- occurrence
- occurrent
verb gather into a huge mass and roll down a mountain, of snowSynonymsRelated Words- come down
- descend
- go down
- fall
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