chloramine

chlo·ra·mine

C0312900 (klôr′ə-mēn′)n.1. An unstable colorless liquid, NH₂Cl, used in making hydrazine and as a chlorine source for water treatment.2. Any of several aromatic sulfonamide salts containing chlorine, used medicinally as antiseptics.

chloramine

(ˈklɔːrəˌmiːn) n1. (Elements & Compounds) an unstable colourless liquid with a pungent odour, made by the reaction of sodium hypochlorite and ammonia. Formula: NH2Cl2. (Elements & Compounds) any compound produced by replacing hydrogen atoms in an azo or amine group with chlorine atoms

chlo•ra•mine

(ˈklɔr əˌmin, ˈkloʊr-, klɔˈræm in, kloʊ-)

n. any of a class of compounds obtained by replacing a hydrogen atom of an =NH or −NH₂ group with chlorine. [1890–95]

Thesaurus

Noun

chloramine - any of several compounds containing chlorine and nitrogen; used as an antiseptic in woundschloramine-Tantiseptic - a substance that destroys micro-organisms that carry disease without harming body tissues

chloramine

chloramine:

see hydrazinehydrazine
, chemical compound, formula NH₂NH₂, m.p. 1.4&degC;, b.p. 113.5&degC;, specific gravity 1.011 at 15&degC;. It is very soluble in water and soluble in alcohol.
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Chloramine

any one of a group of chloroderivatives of ammonia (inorganic chloramines) or amines (organic chloramines), whose molecules contain a chlorine atom bonded to nitrogen. (For a discussion of inorganic chloramines, seeNITROGEN CHLORIDE.)

Organic chloramines are liquids or solids, with a pungent odor that irritates the upper respiratory tract. They include the liquids N-chlorodimethylamine, (CH₃)₂NCl, which boils at 46°C, N,N-dichloromethylamine, CH₃NCl₂, which boils at 58°–60°C, and N,N-dichloroethylamine, C₂H₅NCl₂, and N-chlorodiethylamine, (C₂H₅)₂NCl, which boils at 91°C. Hexachloromelamine, whose structural formula is

is a yellow crystalline compound with a melting point of 149°C.

Chloramines decompose in the presence of water, including atmospheric moisture, with the formation of an amine and hypochlorous acid, HOCl. Solutions of chloramines in organic solvents are rather stable. Chloramines are produced by the action of chlorine or hypochlorous acid on amines and amine salts.

The term “chloramine” is often used to denote any N-chloro-derivative of the amides of organic and inorganic acids. Chloramides and dichloramides of aromatic sulfonic acids have found great practical use. Chloramine-B, C₆H₅SO₂NNaCl · 3H₂O (the sodium salt of the N-chloramide of benzenesulfonic acid), and chloramine-T, (CH₃)C₆H₄SO₂NNaCl · 3H₂O (the sodium salt of the N-chloramide of p-toluenesulfonic acid), are colorless crystals with a melting point of 180°–185°C and 175°–180°C, respectively; they are readily soluble in water and ethanol. Dichloramine-B (N,N-dichloro-benzenesulfonamide) and dichloramine-T (N,N-dichloro-p-toluenesulfonamide) are crystals with an odor of chlorine and a melting point of 69°–72°C and 80°–83°C, respectively; they are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents, usually dichloroethane.

Chloramines have oxidizing and chlorinating properties and consequently are used in analytical chemistry and in industry, for example, in the textile industry to bleach fabrics; they are also used as decontaminants. In medicine, chloramines, mainly chloramine-B, are used as antiseptics. Chloramine-B, which contains 25–29 percent active chlorine, is also used as a deodorizer and spermatocide. A 0.25–0.5 percent solution of chloramine-B is used to disinfect hands, while a 1–5 percent solution of chloramine-B, chloramine-T, or dichloramine are used to decontaminate utensils and excretions of patients with intestinal and respiratory infections. Chloramines are also used for chlorination of water (Pantocid tablets), treatment of infected wounds, and decontamination of hands and nonmetallic equipment.

chloramine

chlo·ra·mine

chloramine

chlo•ra•mine

chloramine

chloramine:

Chloramine

chloramine

Synonyms for chloramine

noun any of several compounds containing chlorine and nitrogen

Synonyms

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