| 单词 | chlamydia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | chlamydiachla·myd·i·aC0312100 (klə-mĭd′ē-ə)chlamydia(kləˈmɪdɪə)chla•myd•i•a(kləˈmɪd i ə)n., pl. -myd•i•ae (-ˈmɪd iˌi) chlamydia
chlamydiachlamydia(kləmĭd`ēə), genus of microorganisms that cause a variety of diseases in humans and other animals. Psittacosis, or parrot fever, caused by the species Chlamydia psittaci, is transmitted to people by birds, particularly parrots, parakeets, and lovebirds. In birds the disease takes the form of an intestinal infection, but in people it runs the course of a viral pneumonia. Different forms of Chlamydia trachomatis cause trachomatrachoma, infection of the mucous membrane of the eyelids caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. Trachoma affects at least 86 million people worldwide. An estimated 1. ..... Click the link for more information. , an infection of the mucous membrane of the eyelids, and the sexually transmitted diseasesexually transmitted disease (STD) or venereal disease, term for infections acquired mainly through sexual contact. Five diseases were traditionally known as venereal diseases: gonorrhea, syphilis, and the less common granuloma inguinale, lymphogranuloma venereum, and ..... Click the link for more information. lymphogranuloma venereum. This same species also causes the sexually transmitted disease called chlamydia, the most common such disease in the United States. In women, chlamydia is a common cause of pelvic inflammatory diseasepelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infection of the female reproductive organs, usually resulting from infection with the bacteria that cause chlamydia or gonorrhea. The infection typically first affects the cervical area, then spreads to the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, ..... Click the link for more information. , which can result in infertility and an increased risk of tubal pregnancy. Men are the primary carriers, but painful urination and discharge often prompt men to get treatment before the testes can be infected and male infertility can result. Chlamydial infections can be treated with antibiotics such as tetracycline. ChlamydiaA genus of bacteria with a growth cycle differing from that of all other microorganisms. Chlamydiae grow only in living cells and cannot be cultured on artificial media. Although capable of synthesizing macromolecules, they have no system for generating energy; the host cell's energy system fuels the chlamydial metabolic processes. The genome is relatively small; the genomes of C. pneumoniae and C. trachomatis have been completely sequenced. The chlamydial infectious particle, called the elementary body, is round and about 350–450 nanometers in diameter. It enters a susceptible host cell and changes to a metabolically active and larger (approximately 800–1000 nm in diameter) reticulate body that divides by binary fission. The entire growth cycle occurs within a vacuole that segregates the chlamydia from the cytoplasm of the host cell. The reticulate bodies change back to elementary bodies, and then the cell lyses and the infectious particles are released. The growth cycle takes about 48 h. Human diseases are caused by three species of Chlamydia. Chlamydia trachomatis is almost exclusively a human pathogen, and one of the most common. Infections occur in two distinct epidemiologic patterns. In many developing countries, C. trachomatis causes trachoma, a chronic follicular keratoconjunctivitis. It is the world's leading cause of preventable blindness, affecting approximately 500 million people. In areas where this condition is highly endemic, virtually the entire population is infected within the first few years of life. Most active infections are found in childhood. By age 60, more than 20% of a population can be blinded as a result of trachoma. See Eye disorders Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial pathogen; an estimated 3–4 million cases occur each year in the United States, and there are close to 90 million worldwide. The most common manifestation is nongonococcal urethritis in males. The cervix is the most commonly infected site in women. Ascending infections can occur in either sex, resulting in epididymitis in males or endometritis and salpingitis in females. Chlamydial infection of the fallopian tube can cause late consequences such as infertility and ectopic pregnancy, even though the earlier infection is asymptomatic. The infant passing through the infected birth canal can acquire the infection and may develop either conjunctivitis or pneumonia. A more invasive form of C. trachomatis causes a systemic sexually transmitted disease called lymphogranuloma venereum. See Sexually transmitted diseases Chlamydia psittaci is virtually ubiquitous among avian species and is a common pathogen among lower mammals. It is economically important in many countries as a cause of abortion in sheep, cattle, and goats. It causes considerable morbidity and mortality in poultry. Chlamydia psittaci can infect humans, causing the disease psittacosis. Psittacosis can occur as pneumonia or a febrile toxic disease without respiratory symptoms. Chlamydia pneumoniae appears to be a human pathogen with no animal reservoir. It is of worldwide distribution and may be the most common human chlamydial infection. It appears to be an important cause of respiratory disease. Azithromycin is the drug of choice for uncomplicated chlamydial infection of the genital tract. Two therapeutic agents require longer treatment regimens: doxycycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, is the first alternate treatment; erythromycin may be used for those who are tetracycline-intolerant, as well as for pregnant women or young children. See Medical bacteriology Chlamydia[klə′mid·ē·ə]ChlamydiaChlamydia[klah-mid´e-ah]The genus Chlamydia contains two species, C. tracho´matis and C. psit´taci. C. trachomatis can cause trachoma, conjunctivitis" >inclusion conjunctivitis, lymphogranuloma venereum, urethritis" >nongonococcal urethritis, and a number of other genital infections. C. psittaci causes psittacosis. The symptoms of sexually transmitted chlamydial infections may be mild; hence this is sometimes called “the silent STD.” Victims may not be aware they have the disease and may not seek treatment until serious complications and unwitting transmission to other persons have occurred. Males who have symptoms usually have painful urination and a watery discharge from the penis. Women may suffer itching and burning in the genital area, an odorless, thick, yellow-white vaginal discharge, dull abdominal pain, and bleeding between menstrual periods. C. trachomatis causes about half of all pelvic inflammatory disease. Symptoms can appear from a week to five weeks after exposure to the bacteria, during which time almost all sexual contacts become infected. Chlamydial infection during pregnancy can increase the risk of stillbirth or premature birth. The newborn is at risk for infection from its mother and may suffer from inclusion conjunctivitis. Chlamydial infection can also lead to pneumonia some weeks after birth, probably because of infectious material from the eye draining through the nasolacrimal ducts and being aspirated into the lungs. Chlamydial infection is usually treated with an antibiotic; effective single antibiotic therapy is available. It is essential that condoms be used during sexual intercourse throughout the treatment period to prevent reinfection, and condom use is usually recommended for 3 to 6 months after treatment. As with all sexually transmitted diseases, both partners should be treated at the same time to prevent reinfection. If left untreated, chlamydial infection can cause scarring in the fallopian tubes and lead to infertility and tubal pregnancies. In the male, nongonococcal urethritis due to chlamydiae may lead to epididymitis and sterility. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force has drawn up guidelines that strongly recommend routine screening for Chlamydia infections for all sexually active women ages 25 and younger in order to insure detection. Printed copies of the Guidelines are available online through the National Guideline Clearinghouse at http://www.guideline.gov. They can also be obtained from the AHRQ Publications Clearinghouse by calling 1-800-358-9295. chlamydia[klah-mid´e-ah]Chlamydia(kla-mid'ē-ă),chla·myd·i·a, pl.chla·myd·i·ae(kla-mid'ē-ă, -mid'ē-ē),chlamydia(klə-mĭd′ē-ə)Chla·myd·i·a(klă-mid'ē-ă)chla·myd·i·a, pl. chlamydiae (klă-mid'ē-ă, -ē)Chlamydia,A genus of small, non-motile, GRAM NEGATIVE bacteria that occupy cells and were thus once thought to be viruses. They carry both DNA and RNA and multiply by binary fission. They can be destroyed by tetracycline antibiotics.ChlamydiaGram-negative BACTERIA (see GRAM'S STAIN) that are OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR PARASITES of man and other animals. They can only reproduce (see REPRODUCTION) within a host CELL. They are smaller than some of the largest VIRUSES. They are COCCOID, about 0.2–1.5 μm in size and can be transmitted by interpersonal contact or by respiratory routes. Chlamydia trachomatis causes trachoma, a common cause of blindness in humans.
ChlamydiaChla·myd·i·a(klă-mid'ē-ă)Patient discussion about ChlamydiaQ. How do I know if I'm infected by chlamydia? Q. after takeing a 1g. dose of zithromax how long do u have to wait to have sex for clamydia i havent been diagnosed yet but to be on the safe side they gave me a 1g. z-pack just in case getting tested in two days but i wanted to see a girl this weekend and sleep with a girl should i wait chlamydia
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