释义 |
desert
deserta dry, barren region: Mojave Desert; deserved: received his just desert; abandon: desert a family to pursue selfish desires Not to be confused with:dessert – sweet food, often served as the last course of a meal: I’ll have my dessert first.des·ert 1 D0157800 (dĕz′ərt)n.1. A barren or desolate area, especially:a. A dry, often sandy region of little rainfall, extreme temperatures, and sparse vegetation.b. A region of permanent cold that is largely or entirely devoid of life.c. An apparently lifeless area of water.2. An empty or forsaken place; a wasteland: a cultural desert.3. Archaic A wild and uninhabited region.adj.1. Of, relating to, characteristic of, or inhabiting a desert: desert fauna.2. Wild and uninhabited: a desert island. [Middle English, from Old French, from Late Latin dēsertum, from neuter past participle of dēserere, to desert; see desert3.]
de·sert 2 D0157900 (dĭ-zûrt′)n.1. often deserts Something that is deserved or merited, especially a punishment: They got their just deserts when the scheme was finally uncovered.2. The state or fact of deserving reward or punishment. [Middle English, from Old French deserte, from feminine past participle of deservir, to deserve; see deserve.]Word History: When Shakespeare says in Sonnet 72, "Unless you would devise some virtuous lie, / To do more for me than mine own desert," he is using the word desert in the sense of "worthiness; merit," a word perhaps most familiar to us in the plural, meaning "something that is deserved," as in the phrase just deserts. This word goes back to the Latin word dēservīre, "to devote oneself to the service of," which in Vulgar Latin came to mean "to merit by service." Dēservīre is made up of dē-, meaning "thoroughly," and servīre, "to serve." Knowing this, we can distinguish this desert from desert, "a wasteland," and desert, "to abandon," both of which go back to Latin dēserere, "to forsake, leave uninhabited," which is made up of dē-, expressing the notion of undoing, and the verb serere, "to link together." We can also distinguish all three deserts from dessert, "a sweet course at the end of a meal," which is from the French word desservir, "to clear the table." Desservir is made up of des-, expressing the notion of reversal, and servir (from Latin servīre), "to serve," hence, "to unserve" or "to clear the table."
de·sert 3 D0157900 (dĭ-zûrt′)v. de·sert·ed, de·sert·ing, de·serts v.tr.1. To leave empty or alone; abandon.2. To withdraw from, especially in spite of a responsibility or duty; forsake: deserted her friend in a time of need.3. To abandon (a military post, for example) in violation of orders or an oath.v.intr. To forsake one's duty or post, especially to be absent without leave from the armed forces with no intention of returning. [French déserter, from Late Latin dēsertāre, frequentative of Latin dēserere, to abandon : dē-, de- + serere, to join; see ser- in Indo-European roots.] de·sert′er n.desert (ˈdɛzət) n1. (Physical Geography) a region that is devoid or almost devoid of vegetation, esp because of low rainfall2. (Physical Geography) an uncultivated uninhabited region3. a place which lacks some desirable feature or quality: a cultural desert. 4. (Physical Geography) (modifier) of, relating to, or like a desert; infertile or desolate[C13: from Old French, from Church Latin dēsertum, from Latin dēserere to abandon, literally: to sever one's links with, from de- + serere to bind together]
desert (dɪˈzɜːt) vb1. (tr) to leave or abandon (a person, place, etc) without intending to return, esp in violation of a duty, promise, or obligation2. (Military) military to abscond from (a post or duty) with no intention of returning3. (tr) to fail (someone) in time of need: his good humour temporarily deserted him. 4. (Law) (tr) Scots law to give up or postpone (a case or charge)[C15: from French déserter, from Late Latin dēsertāre, from Latin dēserere to forsake; see desert1] deˈserter n deˈserted adj
desert (dɪˈzɜːt) n1. (often plural) something that is deserved or merited; just reward or punishment2. the state of deserving a reward or punishment3. virtue or merit[C13: from Old French deserte, from deservir to deserve]des•ert1 (ˈdɛz ərt) n. 1. an arid, sandy region capable of supporting only a few, usu. specialized, life forms. 2. any area in which few forms of life can exist because of lack of water or absence of soil. 3. any place lacking in something desirable: The town was a cultural desert. adj. 4. of, pertaining to, or like a desert; desolate; barren: a desert island. 5. occurring or living in the desert: a desert palm. 6. designed or suitable for use in the desert. [1175–1225; < Late Latin dēsertum derivative of dēserere to abandon, forsake =dē- de- + serere to join together (in a line); compare series] de•ser•tic (dɪˈzɜr tɪk) adj. de•sert2 (dɪˈzɜrt) v.t. 1. to leave (a person, place, etc.) without intending to return: He deserted his wife. 2. to run away from (military service) without leave. 3. to fail (someone) at a time of need: None of his friends had deserted him. v.i. 4. to forsake or leave one's duty, obligations, etc. [1470–80; < Middle French déserter < Late Latin dēsertāre, frequentative of Latin dēserere; see desert1] de•sert′er, n. de•sert3 (dɪˈzɜrt) n. 1. Often, deserts. reward or punishment that is deserved: to get one's just deserts. 2. the state or fact of deserving reward or punishment. 3. the fact of deserving well; merit; virtue. [1275–1325; < Old French deserte, derivative of deservir to deserve] des·ert (dĕz′ərt) A dry, barren region, usually having sandy or rocky soil and little or no vegetation. Most deserts receive less than 10 inches (25 centimeters) of precipitation each year, concentrated in short bursts. Deserts cover about one fifth of the Earth's surface and are mainly located along the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.Did You Know? Spell it with two s's (dessert) and it's ice cream. Spell it with one s (desert) and it's a place where you'd have trouble finding a glass of water, let alone a scoop of vanilla. A desert is defined by the water you won't find there. There's no official standard, but many people say that any place that gets less than 10 inches of precipitation a year qualifies. Deserts do not have to be hot. Even the Sahara Desert in Africa, famous for heat, can get cold at night. And although many people think of the Sahara as the world's biggest desert, that distinction actually belongs to Antarctica, which is incredibly cold and amazingly dry, receiving the frozen equivalent of less than 2 inches of water per year. In spite of this dryness, some animals and plants thrive in deserts. Each desert is therefore a unique ecosystem, a particular environment that includes organisms interacting with it and with each other.Desert of lapwing: flock of lapwing—Bk. of St. Albans, 1486.desert dessert">dessert1. 'desert' as a nounA desert /'dezət/ is a large area of land where there is very little water or rain, no trees, and very few plants. They crossed the Sahara Desert.2. 'desert' as a verbWhen people or animals desert /dɪ'zɜːt/ a place, they all leave it. Poor farmers are deserting their fields and coming here looking for jobs.If you desert someone, you leave them and no longer help or support them. All our friends have deserted us.3. 'dessert'Dessert /dɪ'zɜːt/ is sweet food served at the end of a meal. For dessert there was ice cream.desert Past participle: deserted Gerund: deserting
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I desert | you desert | he/she/it deserts | we desert | you desert | they desert |
Preterite |
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I deserted | you deserted | he/she/it deserted | we deserted | you deserted | they deserted |
Present Continuous |
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I am deserting | you are deserting | he/she/it is deserting | we are deserting | you are deserting | they are deserting |
Present Perfect |
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I have deserted | you have deserted | he/she/it has deserted | we have deserted | you have deserted | they have deserted |
Past Continuous |
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I was deserting | you were deserting | he/she/it was deserting | we were deserting | you were deserting | they were deserting |
Past Perfect |
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I had deserted | you had deserted | he/she/it had deserted | we had deserted | you had deserted | they had deserted |
Future |
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I will desert | you will desert | he/she/it will desert | we will desert | you will desert | they will desert |
Future Perfect |
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I will have deserted | you will have deserted | he/she/it will have deserted | we will have deserted | you will have deserted | they will have deserted |
Future Continuous |
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I will be deserting | you will be deserting | he/she/it will be deserting | we will be deserting | you will be deserting | they will be deserting |
Present Perfect Continuous |
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I have been deserting | you have been deserting | he/she/it has been deserting | we have been deserting | you have been deserting | they have been deserting |
Future Perfect Continuous |
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I will have been deserting | you will have been deserting | he/she/it will have been deserting | we will have been deserting | you will have been deserting | they will have been deserting |
Past Perfect Continuous |
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I had been deserting | you had been deserting | he/she/it had been deserting | we had been deserting | you had been deserting | they had been deserting |
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I would desert | you would desert | he/she/it would desert | we would desert | you would desert | they would desert |
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I would have deserted | you would have deserted | he/she/it would have deserted | we would have deserted | you would have deserted | they would have deserted | ThesaurusNoun | 1. | desert - arid land with little or no vegetationbiome - a major biotic community characterized by the dominant forms of plant life and the prevailing climateoasis - a fertile tract in a desert (where the water table approaches the surface)parcel of land, piece of ground, piece of land, tract, parcel - an extended area of land | Verb | 1. | desert - leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch; "The mother deserted her children"desolate, forsake, abandonleave - go and leave behind, either intentionally or by neglect or forgetfulness; "She left a mess when she moved out"; "His good luck finally left him"; "her husband left her after 20 years of marriage"; "she wept thinking she had been left behind"expose - abandon by leaving out in the open air; "The infant was exposed by the teenage mother"; "After Christmas, many pets get abandoned"walk out - leave suddenly, often as an expression of disapproval; "She walked out on her husband and children"ditch - forsake; "ditch a lover"maroon, strand - leave stranded or isolated with little hope of rescue; "the travellers were marooned" | | 2. | desert - desert (a cause, a country or an army), often in order to join the opposing cause, country, or army; "If soldiers deserted Hitler's army, they were shot"defectflee, take flight, fly - run away quickly; "He threw down his gun and fled"rat - desert one's party or group of friends, for example, for one's personal advantage | | 3. | desert - leave behind; "the students deserted the campus after the end of exam period"go forth, leave, go away - go away from a place; "At what time does your train leave?"; "She didn't leave until midnight"; "The ship leaves at midnight" |
desert1noun1. wilderness, waste, wilds, wasteland, dust bowl The vehicles have been modified to suit conditions in the desert.adjective1. barren, dry, waste, wild, empty, bare, lonely, solitary, desolate, arid, unproductive, infertile, uninhabited, uncultivated, unfruitful, untilled the desert wastes of MexicoDeserts Arabian, Atacama, Dasht-i-Lut or Dasht-e-Lut, Death Valley, Gibson, Gobi, Great Sandy, Great Victoria, Kalahari, Kara Kum, Kyzyl Kum, Libyan, Mohave or Mojave, Nubian, Rub'al Khali, Sahara, Taklimakan Shama, Thar
desert2verb1. abandon, leave, give up, quit (informal), withdraw from, move out of, relinquish, renounce, vacate, forsake, go away from, leave empty, relinquish possession of Poor farmers are deserting their fields and looking for jobs.2. leave, abandon, dump (informal), strand, ditch (informal), betray, maroon, walk out on (informal), forsake, jilt, run out on (informal), throw over, leave stranded, leave high and dry, leave (someone) in the lurch Her husband deserted her years ago. leave maintain, look after, sustain, take care of, provide for, succour, be a source of strength to3. abscond, flee, defect, decamp, go AWOL (informal), go absent without leave, go over the hill (Military slang), take French leave He deserted from the army last month.desert 1nounA tract of unproductive land:badlands, barren (often used in plural), waste, wasteland, wilderness.
desert 2nounSomething justly deserved.Often used in plural:comeuppance, due, guerdon, recompense, reward, wage (often used in plural).Informal: lump (used in plural).Idioms: what is coming to one, what one has coming.
desert 3verb1. To give up or leave without intending to return or claim again:abandon, forsake, leave, quit, throw over.Idioms: run out on, walk out on.2. To abandon one's cause or party usually to join another:apostatize, defect, renegade, tergiversate, turn.Slang: rat.Idioms: change sides, turn one's coat.Translationsdesert1 (diˈzəːt) verb1. to go away from and leave without help etc; to leave or abandon. Why did you desert us? 遺棄,背離 遗弃,背离 2. to run away, usually from the army. He was shot for trying to desert. 開小差 开小差deˈserted adjective1. with no people etc. The streets are completely deserted. 無人(居住)的 无人(居住)的 2. abandoned. his deserted wife and children. 被遺棄的 被抛弃的,被遗弃的 deˈserter noun a man who deserts from the army etc. 開小差的士兵,逃兵 开小差的士兵,逃兵 deˈsertion (-ʃən) noun (an) act of deserting. 拋棄 抛弃
desert2 (ˈdezət) noun an area of barren country, usually hot, dry and sandy, where there is very little rain. Parts of the country are like a desert; (also adjective) desert plants. 沙漠 沙漠 the Sahara desert (not dessert). desert
cultural desertAny place that is characterized by having a distinct lack of complexity, vibrancy, vitality, or interest in intellectual and artistic activity. After living in New York City for seven years, this little town is something of a cultural desert by comparison. Once considered a cultural desert, the country is now teeming with new museums, extravagant theater productions, and a truly vibrant and eclectic music scene.See also: desertjust desertsThat which one deserves, especially a punishment or unfavorable outcome. Usually used in the phrase "get/receive one's just deserts." (Note: The phrase is often misspelled as "just desserts," due to the pronunciation of "deserts" and "desserts" being the same in this context.) The CEO cheated his clients out of nearly $4 million, but he got his just deserts when he was stripped of everything he owned and sent to prison.See also: desert, justreceive (one's) just desertsTo receive that which one deserves, especially a punishment or unfavorable outcome. (Note: The phrase is often misspelled as "just desserts," due to the pronunciation of "deserts" and "desserts" being the same in this context.) The CEO cheated his clients out of nearly $4 million, but he received his just deserts when he was stripped of everything he owned and sent to prison.See also: desert, just, receivelike rats deserting a sinking shipWith great haste and having only personal wellbeing in mind. (Typically said of people who begin abandoning something or someone that is failing or about to fail.) I knew the business was doomed when employees started quitting en masse, like rats deserting a sinking ship. Like rats deserting a sinking ship, the disgraced athlete's corporate sponsors began pulling their sponsorships one after another.See also: desert, like, rat, ship, sinkget (one's) just desertsTo receive that which one deserves, especially a punishment of unfavorable outcome. (Note: the phrase is often misspelled as "just desserts," due to the pronunciation of "deserts" being the same as "desserts" in this context.) The CEO cheated his clients out of nearly $4 million, but he got his just deserts when he was stripped of everything he owned and sent to prison for life.See also: desert, get, justdesert (someone or something) for (someone or something)To leave or abandon someone or something for someone or something else. After years of being underpaid, she finally deserted her corporate job. I deserted my homeland for a country that had more opportunities available to me.See also: desertdesert (someone or something) to (someone or something)To leave or abandon someone or something to someone or something else. We can't desert Timmy to his grandmother—you know that vile woman can't be trusted! In order to pay the mortgage on my manse, I had to desert several of my jewels to auction.See also: desertdesert a sinking shipTo leave a situation in which failure is imminent. This phrase alludes to rats, the first ones said to flee a sinking ship. The CEO's sudden resignation seemed strange at the time, but now we know that he was just deserting a sinking ship, as the company has become plagued by scandal.See also: desert, ship, sinkdesert and reward seldom keep companyOne will often not receive an anticipated reward. Don't get too hopeful that the teacher will recognize your hard work because desert and reward seldom keep company.See also: and, company, desert, keep, reward, seldomdesert rheumatismA nickname for coccidioidomycosis, an infection of the lungs and skin caused by inhaling a fungus commonly found in arid areas. She's been coughing nonstop since her trip to the desert—I hope she doesn't have desert rheumatism.See also: desertrats deserting a sinking shipPeople who begin to abandon something or someone that is failing or about to fail with great haste and having only personal wellbeing in mind. The phrase can also be used in the singular, but this is less common. After the new party leader's embarrassing and incendiary comments, many have begun distancing themselves from him and the party's ethos, giving the impression of rats deserting a sinking ship. It's true that I am resigning, but I am not a rat deserting a sinking ship: I have full confidence in this company, I am merely changing course in my career.See also: desert, rat, ship, sinkfood desertA location that lack options for nutritious food. The phrase is often associated with urban areas with stores that mostly offer non-perishable food. Good luck finding fresh vegetables around here—this part of the city is a real food desert.See also: desert, fooddesert cherryA solider who has only recently arrived in the desert during a war. Oh, you must be a desert cherry. What's your name?See also: cherry, desertrats desert a sinking shipThe least loyal, trustworthy, or dependable people will be the first to begin abandon a failing endeavor. Times of crisis will test the loyalty of the people you've hired. Rats desert a sinking ship, while the people worth holding onto the most will stay until the very end.See also: desert, rat, ship, sinkdesert a sinking ship and leave a sinking shipFig. to leave a place, a person, or a situation when things become difficult or unpleasant. (Rats are said to be the first to leave a ship that is sinking.) I hate to be the one to desert a sinking ship, but I can't work for a company that continues to lose money. There goes Tom. Wouldn't you know he'd leave a sinking ship rather than stay around and try to help?See also: desert, ship, sinkDesert and reward seldom keep company.Prov. If you deserve a reward, you are not necessarily going to get it. Jill: I worked so hard on that project, and Fred is taking all the credit for it. Jane: You know how it goes; desert and reward seldom keep company.See also: and, company, desert, keep, reward, seldomdesert (someone or something) for (someone or something else)to leave someone for someone else; to leave something or some place for some other thing or place. She deserted her husband for another man. Many retirees have deserted northern states for the warmer climates of the South.See also: desertdesert someone or something to someone or somethingto abandon someone or something to someone or something; to let someone or something have someone or something. Who deserted this child to her horrible fate? Sam deserted his land to the horde of grubby prospectors.See also: desertget one's just deserts and get one's just reward(s); get one's[specified by context] to get what one deserves. I feel better now that Jane got her just deserts. She really insulted me. The criminal who was sent to prison got his just rewards. You'll get yours!See also: desert, get, justdesert a sinking shipAbandon a failing enterprise before it is too late. For example, After seeing the company's financial statement, he knew it was time to desert a sinking ship . This metaphoric expression alludes to rats, which leave a vessel when it founders in a storm or runs aground so as to escape drowning. It was transferred to human behavior by about 1600. See also: desert, ship, sinkjust desertsA deserved punishment or reward, as in He got his just deserts when Mary jilted him. This idiom employs desert in the sense of "what one deserves," a usage dating from the 1300s but obsolete except in this expression. See also: desert, justjust deserts COMMON If you say that someone has got their just deserts, you mean that they deserve the unpleasant things that have happened to them. Note: The noun `deserts' is related to the verb `deserve', and it is pronounced with stress on its second syllable. Some people felt sympathy for the humbled superstar. Others felt she was getting the just deserts of an actress with a reputation for being difficult. Many said the man who once headed a £4 billion empire had received his just deserts. Note: `Deserts' is an old-fashioned word meaning a reward or punishment which is deserved. See also: desert, justlike rats deserting a sinking ship or like rats leaving a sinking ship If you describe people who are leaving an organization as being like rats deserting a sinking ship or like rats leaving a sinking ship, you mean they are leaving very quickly because the organization is failing. They abandoned their former colleagues and party like rats deserting a sinking ship. Nelson and Woodward are like rats leaving a sinking ship. Loyalty is not a word they understand. Note: This expression is often used in a disapproving way. See also: desert, like, rat, ship, sinkget (or receive) your just deserts receive what you deserve, especially appropriate punishment.See also: desert, get, justrats deserting a sinking ship people hurrying to get away from an enterprise or organization that is failing. informalSee also: desert, rat, ship, sinkget your (just) deˈserts get what you deserve, especially when it is something bad: The family of the victim said that the killer had got his just deserts when he was jailed for life. Deserts is an old-fashioned word for the rewards or punishments that somebody deserves.See also: desert, get(like rats) deserting/leaving a sinking ˈship (humorous, disapproving) used to talk about people who leave an organization, a company, etc. that is having difficulties, without caring about the people who are left: One by one, employees began looking for other jobs, like rats deserting a sinking ship. ♢ I might have known he’d be the first rat to desert this sinking ship!See also: desert, leave, ship, sinkdesert cherry n. a new soldier in a desert war; a soldier new to the desert in wartime. (see also cherry.) About 5,000 desert cherries arrived last week. Something is going to happen soon. See also: cherry, desertjust desertsDeserved reward or punishment. The word desert in this meaning—that is, what is deserved—is almost obsolete except in this cliché but was commonly used until about the mid-eighteenth century. “Desert and rewarde be oft tymes thinges far od” appeared in John Heywood’s Proverbs (1546) and several later collections as well. In other words, what one deserves and the reward one receives are often quite different.See also: desert, justdesert
desert, arid region, usually partly covered by sand, having scanty vegetation or sometimes almost none, and capable of supporting only a limited and specially adapted animal population. The so-called cold deserts, caused by extreme cold and often covered with perpetual snow or ice, are quite distinct from the deserts of warm regions; cold deserts cover about one sixth of the world's surface. It is estimated that warm deserts form about one fifth of the land surface of the world. The Desert Environment An area having an annual rainfall of 10 in. (25 cm) or less is considered to be a desert. Some deserts have no rain for intervals of several years. Deserts and semideserts exist in some regions having up to about 20 in. (50 cm) of rainfall where evaporation is very high and loss by runoff is great. The largest desert regions of the world lie between 20° and 30° north and south of the equator, either where mountains intercept the paths of the trade winds or where atmospheric high-pressure areas cause descending air currents and a lack of precipitation. Other factors contributing to the formation of deserts include the amount of sunshine, rate of evaporation of water, and range of temperature. Temperature ranges in deserts are often extreme. Plants of the desert have leaves and stems adapted to lessen their loss of water, and individual plants are more widely spaced than those in more humid regions; their roots form a spreading network sometimes penetrating to 50 ft (15 m) underground. Among the animals living in deserts of North America are species of squirrels, mice, bats, foxes, rabbits, and deer; reptiles, e.g., the Arizona coral snake, species of rattlesnakes, the desert tortoise, and the horned toad, gila monster, and many other lizards; a number of birds, e.g., the cactus wren, the road runner, species of owls, sparrows, and hawks; and spiders, scorpions, termites, and beetles. See dunedune, mound or ridge of wind-blown sand formed in arid regions and along coasts. Dunes are common in most of the great deserts of the world. Often a dune begins to form because material is deposited by the wind as it encounters a bush, a rock, or other obstacle to impede its ..... Click the link for more information. ; oasisoasis , an area within a desert where the water table reaches the surface, with enough moisture to permit the growth of vegetation. The water may come up to the surface in springs, or it may collect in mountain hollows. ..... Click the link for more information. . The Deserts of the World Europe is the only continent without deserts; there are, however, semiarid portions around the Black and Caspian seas, in parts of Ukraine and the N Caucasus. In Asia a great desert, the GobiGobi , Mandarin Yintai shamo, great stony desert of N central Asia, c.500,000 sq mi (1,295,000 sq km), extending c.1,000 mi (1,610 km) from east to west across SE Mongolia and N China from the Da Hinggan (Great Khingan) Mts. ..... Click the link for more information. , exists in the middle latitudes chiefly because of its remoteness from water. Also in central Asia are the Kara KumKara Kum , two deserts, one in Kazakhstan and one in Turkmenistan. The Caspian Kara Kum or Garagum, the larger desert (c.115,000 sq mi/297,900 sq km), is W of the Amu Darya River and includes most of Turkmenistan. The Murghab and Tejen rivers flow out of the Hindu Kush Mts. ..... Click the link for more information. and Kyzyl Kum deserts. Farther south there are desert areas in NW India and through S Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, and Arabia; these are largely the result of their situation in a subtropical high-pressure belt and of the distribution of pressure areas that produce cold, dry winds in winter and hot, dry winds in summer. The SaharaSahara [Arab.,=desert], world's largest desert, c.3,500,000 sq mi (9,065,000 sq km), N Africa; the western part of a great arid zone that continues into SW Asia. Extending more than 3,000 mi (4,830 km), from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea, the Sahara is bounded on the N by ..... Click the link for more information. , the largest desert in the world, is in Africa. Second only to the Sahara in area is the desert region of central and W Australia, lying in a high-pressure belt and in the path of the trade winds (which lose much of their moisture on the windward slopes of the east-coast mountains). South America has deserts on the coast and interior of Chile and E of the Andes in Argentina and Patagonia. In North America, deserts are found from N Mexico northward through parts of the SW and W United States. Extreme desert conditions exist in the Mojave DesertMojave or Mohave Desert, c.15,000 sq mi (38,850 sq km), region of low, barren mountains and flat valleys, 2,000 to 5,000 ft (610–1,524 m) high, S Calif.; part of the Great Basin of the United States. ..... Click the link for more information. , the Imperial ValleyImperial Valley, fertile region in the Colorado Desert, SE Calif., extending S into NW Mexico. Once part of the Gulf of California, most of the region is below sea level; its lowest point is −232 ft (−71 m) at the southern shore of the Salton Sea. Receiving only c. ..... Click the link for more information. , and Death ValleyDeath Valley, SE Calif. and SW Nev., a deep, arid basin, 140 mi (225 km) long, bordered on the W by the Panamint Range and on the E by the Amargosa Range. In summer the valley has recorded some of the world's highest air temperatures (134°F;/56. ..... Click the link for more information. . The northern plateau region of Mexico and the adjacent portions of Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico have less extreme desert conditions with a quite abundant growth of mesquite, greasewood, creosote bush, yucca, and various species of cactuscactus, any plant of the family Cactaceae, a large group of succulents found almost entirely in the New World. A cactus plant is conspicuous for its fleshy green stem, which performs the functions of leaves (commonly insignificant or absent), and for the spines (not always ..... Click the link for more information. . Middle-latitude deserts are found in parts of the Great Basin. Bibliography See J. W. Krutch, The Voice of the Desert (1955); D. F. Costello, The Desert World (1972); G. L. Bender, ed., Reference Handbook on the Deserts of North America (1982); G. N. Louw, Ecology of Desert Organisms (1982); B. Spooner and H. S. Mann, Desertification and Development (1983); A. Grainger, Desertification (1986); L. Berkofsky and M. G. Wurtele, ed., Progress in Desert Research (1987); studies by E. C. Jaeger on desert flora and fauna (1957, 1961, 1965). Desert No precise definition of a desert exists. From an ecological viewpoint the scarcity of rainfall is all important, as it directly affects plant productivity which in turn affects the abundance, diversity, and activity of animals. It has become customary to describe deserts as extremely arid where the mean precipitation is less than 2.5–4 in. (60–100 mm), arid where it is 2.5–4 to 6–10 in. (60–100 to 150–250 mm), and semiarid where it is 6–10 to 10–20 in. (150–250 to 250–500 mm). However, mean figures tend to distort the true state of affairs because precipitation in deserts is unreliable and variable. In some areas, such as the Atacama in Chile and the Arabian Desert, there may be no rainfall for several years. It is the biological effectiveness of rainfall that matters and this may vary with wind and temperature, which affect evaporation rates. The vegetation cover also alters the evaporation rate and increases the effectiveness of rainfall. Rainfall, then, is the chief limiting factor to biological processes, but intense solar radiation, high temperatures, and a paucity of nutrients (especially of nitrogen) may also limit plant productivity, and hence animal abundance. Of the main desert regions of the world, most lie within the tropics and hence are hot as well as arid. The Namib and Atacama coastal deserts are kept coot by the Benguela and Humboldt ocean currents, and many desert areas of central Asia are cool because of high latitude and altitude. The diversity of species of animals in a desert is generally correlated with the diversity of plant species, which to a considerable degree is correlated with the predictability and amount of rainfall. There is a rather weak latitudinal gradient of diversity with relatively more species nearer the Equator than at higher latitudes. This gradient is much more conspicuous in wetter ecosystems, such as forests, and in deserts appears to be overridden by the manifold effects of rainfall. Animals, too, may affect plant diversity: the burrowing activities of rodents create niches for plants which could not otherwise survive, and mound-building termites tend to concentrate decomposition and hence nutrients, which provide opportunities for plants to colonize. Each desert has its own community of species, and these communities are repeated in different parts of the world. Very often the organisms that occupy similar niches in different deserts belong to unrelated taxa. The overall structural similarity between American cactus species and African euphorbias is an example of convergent evolution, in which separate and unrelated groups have evolved almost identical adaptations under similar environmental conditions in widely separated parts of the world. Convergent structural modification occurs in many organisms in all environments, but is especially noticeable in deserts where possibly the small number of ecological niches has necessitated greater specialization and restriction of way of life. The face and especially the large ears of desert foxes of the Sahara and of North America are remarkably similar, and there is an extraordinary resemblance between North American sidewinding rattlesnakes and Namib sidewinding adders. See Ecology, Physiological ecology (plant) Desert a type of landscape that developed in regions with a permanently or seasonally hot climate and that has very sparse and meager phytocenoses. Depending on their soil, deserts are divided into sandy deserts, occurring on loose deposits of ancient alluvial plains; pebble and sandy pebble deserts on gypsum structural plateaus and piedmont plains; cobble gypsum deserts on plateaus and young piedmont plains; stony deserts on low mountains and areas of low, rounded, isolated hills; loam deserts on weakly calcareous mantle loams; loess deserts on piedmont plains; clay takyr deserts on piedmont plains and in ancient river deltas; clay badland deserts on low-mountain relief consisting of salt-bearing marls and clays; and solonchak, or salt, deserts in saline depressions and along seacoasts. Desert vegetation is highly distinctive. Frequently, deserts were the sites of ancient speciation; these deserts contain many pre-Cenozoic endemics, among them Nitraria, Potaninia, and Ammodendron in Central Asia, Welwitschia and Acanthosicyos in South Africa, and Opuntia and Cereus in North and Central America. Some deserts have a frequent succession of plant associations characterized by complexity and therefore a variety of dominants. Such successional changes are related to the structure of the desert surface, variations in the soil, and frequently changing moisture conditions. On the other hand, in both distribution and ecology, the desert vegetation on the different continents has many common features because of the similarity of habitat—great sparseness, a poverty of species, and the constant presence of dominants, sometimes distributed over large areas. At the same time the composition of the dominants and their ecological appearance are distinctive in each desert. Sclerophyllous plants, including leafless shrubs and semishrubs (Haloxylon, Calligonum, Ephedra, Salsola, Artemisia), are typical of inland deserts in temperate regions. Stem succulents are not found here, but herbaceous plants, both ephemerals and ephemeroids, occupy an important place in the phytocenoses of these deserts. Xerophilic shrubs and perennial grasses predominate in the inland subtropical and tropical deserts of Africa and Arabia, although succulents also grow here. The vegetation is sparser than that of deserts in the temperate regions. The plant cover is richest in stony deserts and sparsest in sandy pebble deserts. Barchans (mobile dunes) and areas covered with a salt crust are completely devoid of vegetation. The plant cover of subtropical deserts in North America and Australia is richer in species, and they are similar to the Middle Asian deserts in abundance of vegetation. There are almost no sterile stretches. Coarse xerophilic Spinifex grasses and Crotalaria are the dominants in the sandy deserts of Australia. Low-growing species of Acacia and Eucalyptus grow in the clay depressions between sand ridges. Semishrub halophytes such as A triplex and Vitex are characteristic of pebble and cobble deserts. Succulents prevail in subtropical and tropical coastal deserts—the Western Sahara, Namib, Atacama, California, and Mexican deserts. Many of the same species grow on saline soils in temperate, subtropical, and tropical deserts, notably halophilic and succulent semishrubs and shrubs (Tamarix, Nitraria) and annual halophytes (Salsola, Suaeda). The phytocenoses of oases, tugais (gallery forests in the deserts of Central and Middle Asia), large river valleys, and deltas are considerably different from the basic vegetation of deserts. Groves of deciduous trees, including poplars (Populus diversifolia, Populas pruinosa), oleasters (Elaeagnus), and willows, are characteristic of valleys in the temperate deserts of Asia, and evergreens such as palms and oleanders grow in river valleys in the subtropical and tropical deserts. M. P. PETROV What does it mean when you dream about the desert?Deserts may be fairly straightforward symbols for a sense of barrenness, poverty, lack, exhaustion, loneliness, or even death. On the other hand, as the unsettled “wilderness,” deserts often represent the unconscious, particularly the shadow self. Deserts have a wider range of meanings for someone from the desert Southwest than for someone from the East Coast. As with all dream symbols, the atmosphere and setting of the dream indicate which meaning is appropriate. (See also Sand). desert[′dez·ərt] (geography) A wide, open, comparatively barren tract of land with few forms of life and little rainfall. Any waste, uninhabited tract, such as the vast expanse of ice in Greenland. desert1. a region that is devoid or almost devoid of vegetation, esp because of low rainfall 2. an uncultivated uninhabited region Desert (dreams)At times a desert in a dream symbolizes the unconscious and represents the dreamer’s sense of separation from it. Deserts are generally barren with little vegetation or animal life. The desert in your dreams could be bringing up issues of stagnation and periods of little growth in your life. Also, the desert could represent your loneliness and feelings of isolation. However, if you live close to the desert or love the desert, this may be a positive symbol. For some the desert may be a place where they can commune with nature and feel a sense of peace.desert
desert a terrestrial environment in which there is poor soil, climatic extremes of high and low temperatures and low rainfall, and consequently a scarcity of living organisms, all of which must be specially adapted. See XEROPHYTE, METABOLIC WATER.desert
desertv. to intentionally abandon a person or thing. desert
Synonyms for desertnoun wildernessSynonyms- wilderness
- waste
- wilds
- wasteland
- dust bowl
adj barrenSynonyms- barren
- dry
- waste
- wild
- empty
- bare
- lonely
- solitary
- desolate
- arid
- unproductive
- infertile
- uninhabited
- uncultivated
- unfruitful
- untilled
verb abandonSynonyms- abandon
- leave
- give up
- quit
- withdraw from
- move out of
- relinquish
- renounce
- vacate
- forsake
- go away from
- leave empty
- relinquish possession of
verb leaveSynonyms- leave
- abandon
- dump
- strand
- ditch
- betray
- maroon
- walk out on
- forsake
- jilt
- run out on
- throw over
- leave stranded
- leave high and dry
- leave (someone) in the lurch
Antonyms- maintain
- look after
- sustain
- take care of
- provide for
- succour
- be a source of strength to
verb abscondSynonyms- abscond
- flee
- defect
- decamp
- go AWOL
- go absent without leave
- go over the hill
- take French leave
Synonyms for desertnoun a tract of unproductive landSynonyms- badlands
- barren
- waste
- wasteland
- wilderness
noun something justly deservedSynonyms- comeuppance
- due
- guerdon
- recompense
- reward
- wage
- lump
verb to give up or leave without intending to return or claim againSynonyms- abandon
- forsake
- leave
- quit
- throw over
verb to abandon one's cause or party usually to join anotherSynonyms- apostatize
- defect
- renegade
- tergiversate
- turn
- rat
Synonyms for desertnoun arid land with little or no vegetationRelated Words- biome
- oasis
- parcel of land
- piece of ground
- piece of land
- tract
- parcel
verb leave someone who needs or counts on youSynonymsRelated Words- leave
- expose
- walk out
- ditch
- maroon
- strand
verb desert (a cause, a country or an army), often in order to join the opposing cause, country, or armySynonymsRelated Wordsverb leave behindRelated Words |