Cottony-Cushion Scale

(Icerya purchasi), an insect of the family of giant coccids of the suborder Coccidae of the order Homoptera, a dangerous pest of citrus crops. The reddish brown body, which measures 5– mm long, is oval or nearly round. In mature females there is a large (sometimes 25 mm long), white, fluted ovisac. The cottony-cushion scale is native to Australia. As a result of the exportation of seedlings, the insect appeared in all countries in which citruses are cultivated. In the USSR it is found in the Abkhazian ASSR, the Adzhar ASSR, and Krasnodar Krai. The insect harms citrus crops, silver acacia, fig, pomegranate, cypress, and several other plants. There are two or three parthenogenetic generations each year. The larvae winter, and adult females appear in early May. The females soon deposit more than 2, 000 eggs in the ovisac. The larvae hatch in the ovisac and emerge within a few hours. Cottony-cushion scales sometimes congregate in large colonies on shoots, branches, trunks, leaves, and fruits. They suck out the juices of the plant. As a result, plant growth is inhibited and fruit yield is decreased.

The most widely applied control measure is the use of the predatory Australian lady beetle (Rodolia cardinalis), an example of a biological control measure for plant protection. When there is a large population of cottony-cushion scale, insecticides are used (a chemical control measure).

REFERENCES

Borkhsenius, N. S. Chervetsy i shchitovki SSSR. Moscow-Leningrad, 1950.
Rubtsov, I. A. Vrediteli tsitrusovykh i ikh estestvennye vragi. Moscow-Leningrad, 1954.

P. I. MITROFANOV

单词	cottony-cushion scale
释义	cottony-cushion scale cottony-cushion scale n (Animals) a small scale insect, Icerya purchasi, that is a pest of citrus trees in California: it is controlled by introducing an Australian ladybird, Rodolia cardinalis, into affected areas Cottony-Cushion Scale Cottony-Cushion Scale (Icerya purchasi), an insect of the family of giant coccids of the suborder Coccidae of the order Homoptera, a dangerous pest of citrus crops. The reddish brown body, which measures 5– mm long, is oval or nearly round. In mature females there is a large (sometimes 25 mm long), white, fluted ovisac. The cottony-cushion scale is native to Australia. As a result of the exportation of seedlings, the insect appeared in all countries in which citruses are cultivated. In the USSR it is found in the Abkhazian ASSR, the Adzhar ASSR, and Krasnodar Krai. The insect harms citrus crops, silver acacia, fig, pomegranate, cypress, and several other plants. There are two or three parthenogenetic generations each year. The larvae winter, and adult females appear in early May. The females soon deposit more than 2, 000 eggs in the ovisac. The larvae hatch in the ovisac and emerge within a few hours. Cottony-cushion scales sometimes congregate in large colonies on shoots, branches, trunks, leaves, and fruits. They suck out the juices of the plant. As a result, plant growth is inhibited and fruit yield is decreased. The most widely applied control measure is the use of the predatory Australian lady beetle (Rodolia cardinalis), an example of a biological control measure for plant protection. When there is a large population of cottony-cushion scale, insecticides are used (a chemical control measure). REFERENCES Borkhsenius, N. S. Chervetsy i shchitovki SSSR. Moscow-Leningrad, 1950. Rubtsov, I. A. Vrediteli tsitrusovykh i ikh estestvennye vragi. Moscow-Leningrad, 1954. P. I. MITROFANOV
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