episome
enUKep·i·some
E0182300 (ĕp′ĭ-sōm′)episome
(ˈɛpɪˌsəʊm)ep•i•some
(ˈɛp əˌsoʊm)n.
| Noun | 1. | episome - DNA that is not incorporated into the genome but is replicated together with the genome (especially in bacterial cells) |
| 单词 | episome | |||
| 释义 | episomeenUKep·i·someE0182300 (ĕp′ĭ-sōm′)episome(ˈɛpɪˌsəʊm)ep•i•some(ˈɛp əˌsoʊm)n.
episomeenUKepisome(ĕp`ĭsōm), unit of genetic material composed of a series of genesgene,the structural unit of inheritance in living organisms. A gene is, in essence, a segment of DNA that has a particular purpose, i.e., that codes for (contains the chemical information necessary for the creation of) a specific enzyme or other protein. ..... Click the link for more information. that sometimes has an independent existence in a host cell and at other times is integrated into a chromosomechromosome , structural carrier of hereditary characteristics, found in the nucleus of every cell and so named for its readiness to absorb dyes. The term chromosome ..... Click the link for more information. of the cell, replicating itself along with the chromosome. Episomes have been studied in bacteria. One group of episomes are actually virusesvirus, parasite with a noncellular structure composed mainly of nucleic acid within a protein coat. Most viruses are too small (100–2,000 Angstrom units) to be seen with the light microscope and thus must be studied by electron microscopes. ..... Click the link for more information. that infect bacteria. As autonomous units they destroy host cells, and as segments integrated into a chromosome they multiply in cell division and are transferred to daughter cells. Episomes called sex factors determine whether chromosome material will be transferred from one bacterium to another. Other episomes carry genes that make bacteria resistant to the inhibitory action of antibiotics. See recombinationrecombination, process of "shuffling" of genes by which new combinations can be generated. In recombination through sexual reproduction, the offspring's complete set of genes differs from that of either parent, being rather a combination of genes from both parents. ..... Click the link for more information. . Episomea genetic factor that can exist in a cell either autonomously (in the cytoplasm) or integrated with the chromosome; a molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid. The genome of the temperate lambda bacteriophage, the sex (or F) factor, and some R factors that transmit drug resistance to bacteria, for example, are episomes. Episomes are not essential constituents of cells, and they can change from one state to another, depending on the type of cell. In E. coli cells, for example, the genome of the temperate lambda bacteriophage may be either integrated or autonomous, whereas in the cells of the causative agent of typhoid fever it is found only in the autonomous state. Most autonomous episomes behave like typical plasmids. Some researchers regard episomes as a transitional link between the structures that determine chromosomal and nonchromosomal heredity. REFERENCESStent, G. Molekuliarnaia genetika. Moscow, 1974. (Translated from English.)Meynell, G. Bakterial’nve plazmidy. Moscow, 1976. (Translated from English.) ’ V. G. LIKHODED episome[′ep·ə‚sōm]episomeenUKepisome[ep´ĭ-sōm″]ep·i·some(ep'i-sōm),episome(ĕp′ĭ-sōm′)ep·i·some(ep'i-sōm)episomea circular DNA molecule found in bacterial cells that can exist independently in the cell or can become integrated into the main CHROMOSOME. In recent times, episomes have been added to a general group of extrachromosomal factors called PLASMIDS.episomeenUK
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