discharger

dis·charge

D0254600 (dĭs-chärj′)v. dis·charged, dis·charg·ing, dis·charg·es v.tr.1. a. To release, as from confinement, care, or duty: discharge a patient; discharge a soldier.b. To let go; empty out: a train discharging commuters.c. To pour forth; emit: a vent discharging steam.d. To shoot: discharge a pistol.2. To remove from office or employment. See Synonyms at dismiss.3. To perform the obligations or demands of (an office, duty, or task).4. To comply with the terms of (a debt or promise, for example).5. Law To release from debt, as in bankruptcy.6. To remove (color) from cloth, as by chemical bleaching.7. Electricity To cause the release of stored energy or electric charge from (a battery, for example).8. Architecture a. To apportion (weight) evenly, as over a door.b. To relieve (a part) of excess weight by distribution of pressure.9. To clear the record of the loan of (a returned library book).10. a. To relieve (a ship, for example) of a burden or of contents; unload.b. To unload or empty (contents).v.intr.1. a. To go off; fire: The musket discharged loudly.b. To pour forth, emit, or release contents.c. To become blurred, as a color or dye; run.2. To undergo the release of stored energy or electric charge.3. To get rid of a burden, load, or weight.n. (dĭs′chärj′, dĭs-chärj′)1. The act of shooting or firing a projectile or weapon.2. a. A flowing out or pouring forth; emission; secretion: a discharge of pus.b. The amount or rate of emission or ejection.c. Something that is discharged, released, emitted, or excreted: a watery discharge.3. The act or an instance of removing an obligation, burden, or responsibility.4. a. Fulfillment of the terms of something, such as a debt or promise.b. Performance, as of an office or duty.5. a. Dismissal or release from employment, service, care, or confinement.b. An official document certifying such release, especially from military service.6. Electricity a. Release of stored energy in a capacitor by the flow of current between its terminals.b. Conversion of chemical energy to electric energy in a storage battery.c. A flow of electricity in a dielectric, especially in a rarefied gas.d. Elimination of net electric charge from a charged body.7. The act of removing a load or burden.

[Middle English dischargen, from Old French deschargier, from Vulgar Latin *discarricāre, to unload : Latin dis-, dis- + Latin carricāre, to load; see charge.]

dis·charge′a·ble adj.dis′charg·ee′ n.dis·charg′er n.

Discharger

discharger

[′dis‚chärj·ər] (electricity) A silver-impregnated cotton wick encased in a flexible plastic tube with an aluminum mounting lug, used on aircraft to reduce precipitation static.

Discharger

a device for closing electric circuits by means of an electrical discharge in a gas, a vacuum, or, more rarely, a solid dielectric. It contains two or more electrodes separated by one or more discharge gaps. The conductivity of the gaps changes abruptly when the potential difference between the electrodes becomes equal to a critical value that depends on the given conditions; this critical value is called the breakdown voltage or striking potential. Various types of discharge can occur in a discharger, depending on the state of the discharge gap and on the electric-circuit parameters: spark discharges; glow discharges, including corona discharges; arc discharges; high-frequency discharges; and mixed types.

Dischargers are used in electrical engineering, electronics, automation, and experimental physics. They provide protection for electric circuits and devices from voltage surges. The spark discharger is an example of dischargers used to switch high-frequency and high-voltage electric circuits. Dischargers are also made use of in measuring high voltages. Sometimes they are used to measure pressure in a vacuum system (seeVACUUM MEASUREMENT).

Functionally, there are two basic types of dischargers—protective and control. Protective dischargers, by means of their breakdown, make possible the prevention of excessive voltage rises on power lines or in equipment to which they are connected. The simplest forms of dischargers used to protect electrical networks are rod gaps and horn gaps, which consist of two electrodes—in the shape of rods or curved horns, respectively—separated by an air gap. One of the electrodes is connected with the equipment being protected and the other is grounded. Since the conductivity of a gas-discharge gap increases drastically in a breakdown, the discharge current does not cease after the voltage falls to a normal value. This current is called the follow current and is a short-circuit current to earth of the system or equipment. The follow current causes the protective relaying to function, and a temporary power outage is consequently suffered by the equipment or system.

In the case of alternating currents, the operation of the protective relaying can be prevented by the use of expulsion-type arresters, which extinguish the arc of the follow current. The discharge gap in expulsion arresters is located in a chamber containing a material that produces an insulating gas. Under the action of the heat given off in the arc of the follow current, the material decomposes and evolves a large amount of gas; the pressure in the chamber is thereby increased, and a stream of gas is formed that extinguishes the arc when the follow current passes through zero. Expulsion arresters are generally used to protect AC power lines from lightning surges.

To ensure the efficient operation of protective dischargers, the breakdown voltage must be very stable—that is, it must be independent of atmospheric conditions and the state of the electrodes. In addition, the volt-second characteristic of the discharge gap—that is, the curve of the gap’s breakdown voltage as a function of the rate of increase of the voltage across the gap—should be relatively flat and should lie below the volt-second characteristic of the insulation of the equipment being protected. These requirements are met by valve-type arresters, which provide protection from lightning and switching surges for the insulation of transformers and other electrical equipment.

Control dischargers are used to connect the various elements of pulsed-voltage generators in a specified sequence, to connect a load to high-power pulsed current sources, and to connect the electric-circuit elements of high-voltage test apparatus. The simplest control discharger is the sparking ball, which consists of two spherical electrodes separated by a layer of gas. In some types of control dischargers, to initiate the discharge between the electrodes at the desired moment the electric strength of the discharge gap is decreased by, for example, the injection of hot gas; another method of initiation is the use of a starting pulse, as in trigatrons.

REFERENCES

Bezrukov, F. V., Iu. P. Galkin, and P. A. Iurikov. Trubchatye razriadniki. Moscow-Leningrad, 1964.
Katsnel’son, B. V., A. M. Kalugin, and A. S. Larionov. Elektrovakuumnye eleklronnye i ionnye pribory, book 1. Moscow, 1970.
Kushmanov, I. V., N. N. Vasil’ev, and A. G. Leont’ev. Eleklronnye pribory. Moscow, 1973.
Kalashnikov, A. M., and Ia. V. Stepuk. Elektrovakuumnye i poluprovodnikovyepribory, 4th ed. Moscow, 1973.

A. M. BRONSHTEIN

单词	discharger
释义	discharger dis·charge D0254600 (dĭs-chärj′)v. dis·charged, dis·charg·ing, dis·charg·es v.tr.1. a. To release, as from confinement, care, or duty: discharge a patient; discharge a soldier.b. To let go; empty out: a train discharging commuters.c. To pour forth; emit: a vent discharging steam.d. To shoot: discharge a pistol.2. To remove from office or employment. See Synonyms at dismiss.3. To perform the obligations or demands of (an office, duty, or task).4. To comply with the terms of (a debt or promise, for example).5. Law To release from debt, as in bankruptcy.6. To remove (color) from cloth, as by chemical bleaching.7. Electricity To cause the release of stored energy or electric charge from (a battery, for example).8. Architecture a. To apportion (weight) evenly, as over a door.b. To relieve (a part) of excess weight by distribution of pressure.9. To clear the record of the loan of (a returned library book).10. a. To relieve (a ship, for example) of a burden or of contents; unload.b. To unload or empty (contents).v.intr.1. a. To go off; fire: The musket discharged loudly.b. To pour forth, emit, or release contents.c. To become blurred, as a color or dye; run.2. To undergo the release of stored energy or electric charge.3. To get rid of a burden, load, or weight.n. (dĭs′chärj′, dĭs-chärj′)1. The act of shooting or firing a projectile or weapon.2. a. A flowing out or pouring forth; emission; secretion: a discharge of pus.b. The amount or rate of emission or ejection.c. Something that is discharged, released, emitted, or excreted: a watery discharge.3. The act or an instance of removing an obligation, burden, or responsibility.4. a. Fulfillment of the terms of something, such as a debt or promise.b. Performance, as of an office or duty.5. a. Dismissal or release from employment, service, care, or confinement.b. An official document certifying such release, especially from military service.6. Electricity a. Release of stored energy in a capacitor by the flow of current between its terminals.b. Conversion of chemical energy to electric energy in a storage battery.c. A flow of electricity in a dielectric, especially in a rarefied gas.d. Elimination of net electric charge from a charged body.7. The act of removing a load or burden. [Middle English dischargen, from Old French deschargier, from Vulgar Latin discarricāre, to unload* : Latin dis-, dis- + Latin carricāre, to load; see charge.] dis·charge′a·ble adj.dis′charg·ee′ n.dis·charg′er n. IdiomsSeedischarge Discharger discharger [′dis‚chärj·ər] (electricity) A silver-impregnated cotton wick encased in a flexible plastic tube with an aluminum mounting lug, used on aircraft to reduce precipitation static. Discharger a device for closing electric circuits by means of an electrical discharge in a gas, a vacuum, or, more rarely, a solid dielectric. It contains two or more electrodes separated by one or more discharge gaps. The conductivity of the gaps changes abruptly when the potential difference between the electrodes becomes equal to a critical value that depends on the given conditions; this critical value is called the breakdown voltage or striking potential. Various types of discharge can occur in a discharger, depending on the state of the discharge gap and on the electric-circuit parameters: spark discharges; glow discharges, including corona discharges; arc discharges; high-frequency discharges; and mixed types. Dischargers are used in electrical engineering, electronics, automation, and experimental physics. They provide protection for electric circuits and devices from voltage surges. The spark discharger is an example of dischargers used to switch high-frequency and high-voltage electric circuits. Dischargers are also made use of in measuring high voltages. Sometimes they are used to measure pressure in a vacuum system (seeVACUUM MEASUREMENT). Functionally, there are two basic types of dischargers—protective and control. Protective dischargers, by means of their breakdown, make possible the prevention of excessive voltage rises on power lines or in equipment to which they are connected. The simplest forms of dischargers used to protect electrical networks are rod gaps and horn gaps, which consist of two electrodes—in the shape of rods or curved horns, respectively—separated by an air gap. One of the electrodes is connected with the equipment being protected and the other is grounded. Since the conductivity of a gas-discharge gap increases drastically in a breakdown, the discharge current does not cease after the voltage falls to a normal value. This current is called the follow current and is a short-circuit current to earth of the system or equipment. The follow current causes the protective relaying to function, and a temporary power outage is consequently suffered by the equipment or system. In the case of alternating currents, the operation of the protective relaying can be prevented by the use of expulsion-type arresters, which extinguish the arc of the follow current. The discharge gap in expulsion arresters is located in a chamber containing a material that produces an insulating gas. Under the action of the heat given off in the arc of the follow current, the material decomposes and evolves a large amount of gas; the pressure in the chamber is thereby increased, and a stream of gas is formed that extinguishes the arc when the follow current passes through zero. Expulsion arresters are generally used to protect AC power lines from lightning surges. To ensure the efficient operation of protective dischargers, the breakdown voltage must be very stable—that is, it must be independent of atmospheric conditions and the state of the electrodes. In addition, the volt-second characteristic of the discharge gap—that is, the curve of the gap’s breakdown voltage as a function of the rate of increase of the voltage across the gap—should be relatively flat and should lie below the volt-second characteristic of the insulation of the equipment being protected. These requirements are met by valve-type arresters, which provide protection from lightning and switching surges for the insulation of transformers and other electrical equipment. Control dischargers are used to connect the various elements of pulsed-voltage generators in a specified sequence, to connect a load to high-power pulsed current sources, and to connect the electric-circuit elements of high-voltage test apparatus. The simplest control discharger is the sparking ball, which consists of two spherical electrodes separated by a layer of gas. In some types of control dischargers, to initiate the discharge between the electrodes at the desired moment the electric strength of the discharge gap is decreased by, for example, the injection of hot gas; another method of initiation is the use of a starting pulse, as in trigatrons. REFERENCES Bezrukov, F. V., Iu. P. Galkin, and P. A. Iurikov. Trubchatye razriadniki. Moscow-Leningrad, 1964. Katsnel’son, B. V., A. M. Kalugin, and A. S. Larionov. Elektrovakuumnye eleklronnye i ionnye pribory, book 1. Moscow, 1970. Kushmanov, I. V., N. N. Vasil’ev, and A. G. Leont’ev. Eleklronnye pribory. Moscow, 1973. Kalashnikov, A. M., and Ia. V. Stepuk. Elektrovakuumnye i poluprovodnikovyepribory, 4th ed. Moscow, 1973. A. M. BRONSHTEIN
随便看	raymond poincare raymond poincaré raymond, prince of montecuccoli raymond queneau raymond r. "andy" guest jr. shenandoah river state park raymond sainton raymond syndrome vrcbvi vrcc vrccc vrcd vrc (disambiguation) vrce vrcfa vrcg vrch vrchlicky, jaroslav vrchlický, jaroslav vrchr vrchs vrci vrcia vrcim vrclsm vrcm