antithymocyte globulin

globulin

[glob´u-lin] any of numerous proteins that are insoluble in water or highly concentrated salt solutions but soluble in moderately concentrated salt solutions. All plasma proteins except albumin and prealbumin are globulins. The plasma globulins are separated into five fractions by serum protein electrophoresis (SPE). In order of decreasing electrophoretic mobility these fractions are the alpha₁-, alpha₂-, beta₁-, and beta₂-globulins, and the gamma globulins.
The globulins include carrier proteins, which transport specific substances; acute phase reactants, which are involved in the inflammatory process; coagulation factors; complement components; and immunoglobulins. Examples are transferrin, a beta₁-globulin that transports iron, and alpha₁-antitrypsin, an acute phase reactant that inhibits serum proteases. The gamma globulin fraction is almost entirely composed of immunoglobulins.accelerator globulin factor V, one of the coagulation factors.antihemophilic globulin (AHG) factor VIII, one of the coagulation factors.antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) the gamma globulin fraction of serum" >antilymphocyte serum; used as an immunosuppressant in organ transplantation. The term is sometimes used interchangeably with antithymocyte globulin.antithymocyte globulin (ATG) the gamma globulin fraction of antiserum derived from animals (such as rabbits) that have been immunized against human thymocytes; an immunosuppressive agent that causes specific destruction of T lymphocytes, used in treatment of allograft rejection. The term is sometimes used interchangeably with antilymphocyte globulin.bacterial polysaccharide immune globulin (BPIG) a human globulin" > immune globulin derived from the blood plasma of adult human donors immunized with Haemophilus influenzae type b, pneumococcal, and meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines; used for passive immunization of infants under 18 months of age.cytomegalovirus immune globulin a purified immunoglobulin derived from pooled adult human plasma selected for high titers of antibody against cytomegalovirus; administered intravenously for treatment and prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus disease in transplant recipients.gamma globulin 1. see gamma globulin.2. immune globulin.hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) a globulin" >specific immune globulin derived from plasma of human donors with high titers of antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg); used for postexposure prophylaxis following contact with HBsAg-positive materials, also administered to infants of HBsAg-positive mothers.hyperimmune globulin any of various globulin" >immune globulin preparations especially high in antibodies against certain specific diseases.immune globulin 1. immunoglobulin.2. a concentrated preparation containing mostly gamma globulins, predominantly IgG, from a large pool of human donors; used for passive immunization against measles, hepatitis A, and varicella and for treatment of hypogammaglobulinemia or agammaglobulinemia in immunodeficient patients, administered intramuscularly. See also immune g. intravenous (human).immune globulin intravenous (human) a preparation of globulin" >immune globulin suitable for intravenous administration; used in the treatment of primary immunodeficiency disorders and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and as an adjunct in the treatment of Kawasaki disease and the prevention of infections associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, bone marrow transplantation, and pediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection.immune human serum globulin immune globulin (def. 2).immune serum globulin immune g. (def. 2).pertussis immune globulin a globulin" >specific immune globulin derived from the blood plasma of human donors immunized with pertussis vaccine; used for the prophylaxis and treatment of pertussis.rabies immune globulin a globulin" >specific immune globulin derived from plasma of human donors hyperimmunized with vaccine" >rabies vaccine; administered in conjunction with rabies vaccine in cases of bite or scratch exposure to known or suspected rabid animals.respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin intravenous a preparation of immunoglobulin G from pooled adult human plasma selected for high titers of antibodies against virus" >respiratory syncytial virus; used for passive immunization of infants and young children.Rh₀(D) immune globulin a globulin" >specific immune globulin derived from human blood plasma containing antibody to the erythrocyte factor Rh₀(D); used to prevent Rh-sensitization of Rh-negative females and thus prevent erythroblastosis fetalis in subsequent pregnancies; administered within 72 hours after exposure to Rh-positive blood resulting from delivery of an Rh-positive child, abortion or miscarriage of an Rh-positive fetus, or transfusion of Rh-positive blood. It is also used as a platelet count stimulator in the treatment of purpura" >idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.serum g's all plasma proteins except albumin, which is not a globulin, and fibrinogen, which is not in the serum. The serum globulins are subdivided into alpha-, beta-, and gamma-globulins on the basis of their relative electrophoretic mobilities.specific immune globulin a preparation of globulin" >immune globulin derived from a donor pool preselected for high antibody titer against a specific antigen, such as globulin" >hepatitis B immune globulin.tetanus immune globulin a globulin" >specific immune globulin derived from the blood plasma of human donors who have been immunized with toxoid" >tetanus toxoid; used in the prophylaxis and treatment of tetanus.thyronine-binding globulin (TBG) (thyroxine-binding globulin) an acidic glycoprotein that is the main binding protein in the blood for thyroxine, and less firmly for triiodothyronine.vaccinia immune globulin a globulin" >specific immune globulin derived from the blood plasma of human donors who have been immunized with vaccinia virus smallpox vaccine; used as a passive immunizing agent.varicella-zoster immune globulin (VZIG) a globulin" >specific immune globulin derived from plasma of human donors with high titers of varicella-zoster antibodies; used for prevention or amelioration of varicella in immunocompromised patients exposed to the disease and in neonates whose mothers develop varicella in the perinatal period.

antithymocyte globulin

An agent used for immunosuppression in organ transplantation. See also: globulin

单词	antithymocyte globulin
释义	DictionarySeerabbitEncyclopediaSeeglobulin antithymocyte globulin globulin [glob´u-lin] any of numerous proteins that are insoluble in water or highly concentrated salt solutions but soluble in moderately concentrated salt solutions. All plasma proteins except albumin and prealbumin are globulins. The plasma globulins are separated into five fractions by serum protein electrophoresis (SPE). In order of decreasing electrophoretic mobility these fractions are the alpha₁-, alpha₂-, beta₁-, and beta₂-globulins, and the gamma globulins. The globulins include carrier proteins, which transport specific substances; acute phase reactants, which are involved in the inflammatory process; coagulation factors; complement components; and immunoglobulins. Examples are transferrin, a beta₁-globulin that transports iron, and alpha₁-antitrypsin, an acute phase reactant that inhibits serum proteases. The gamma globulin fraction is almost entirely composed of immunoglobulins.accelerator globulin factor V, one of the coagulation factors.antihemophilic globulin (AHG) factor VIII, one of the coagulation factors.antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) the gamma globulin fraction of serum" >antilymphocyte serum; used as an immunosuppressant in organ transplantation. The term is sometimes used interchangeably with antithymocyte globulin.antithymocyte globulin (ATG) the gamma globulin fraction of antiserum derived from animals (such as rabbits) that have been immunized against human thymocytes; an immunosuppressive agent that causes specific destruction of T lymphocytes, used in treatment of allograft rejection. The term is sometimes used interchangeably with antilymphocyte globulin.bacterial polysaccharide immune globulin (BPIG) a human globulin" > immune globulin derived from the blood plasma of adult human donors immunized with Haemophilus influenzae type b, pneumococcal, and meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines; used for passive immunization of infants under 18 months of age.cytomegalovirus immune globulin a purified immunoglobulin derived from pooled adult human plasma selected for high titers of antibody against cytomegalovirus; administered intravenously for treatment and prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus disease in transplant recipients.gamma globulin 1. see gamma globulin.2. immune globulin.hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) a globulin" >specific immune globulin derived from plasma of human donors with high titers of antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg); used for postexposure prophylaxis following contact with HBsAg-positive materials, also administered to infants of HBsAg-positive mothers.hyperimmune globulin any of various globulin" >immune globulin preparations especially high in antibodies against certain specific diseases.immune globulin 1. immunoglobulin.2. a concentrated preparation containing mostly gamma globulins, predominantly IgG, from a large pool of human donors; used for passive immunization against measles, hepatitis A, and varicella and for treatment of hypogammaglobulinemia or agammaglobulinemia in immunodeficient patients, administered intramuscularly. See also immune g. intravenous (human).immune globulin intravenous (human) a preparation of globulin" >immune globulin suitable for intravenous administration; used in the treatment of primary immunodeficiency disorders and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and as an adjunct in the treatment of Kawasaki disease and the prevention of infections associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, bone marrow transplantation, and pediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection.immune human serum globulin immune globulin (def. 2).immune serum globulin immune g. (def. 2).pertussis immune globulin a globulin" >specific immune globulin derived from the blood plasma of human donors immunized with pertussis vaccine; used for the prophylaxis and treatment of pertussis.rabies immune globulin a globulin" >specific immune globulin derived from plasma of human donors hyperimmunized with vaccine" >rabies vaccine; administered in conjunction with rabies vaccine in cases of bite or scratch exposure to known or suspected rabid animals.respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin intravenous a preparation of immunoglobulin G from pooled adult human plasma selected for high titers of antibodies against virus" >respiratory syncytial virus; used for passive immunization of infants and young children.Rh₀(D) immune globulin a globulin" >specific immune globulin derived from human blood plasma containing antibody to the erythrocyte factor Rh₀(D); used to prevent Rh-sensitization of Rh-negative females and thus prevent erythroblastosis fetalis in subsequent pregnancies; administered within 72 hours after exposure to Rh-positive blood resulting from delivery of an Rh-positive child, abortion or miscarriage of an Rh-positive fetus, or transfusion of Rh-positive blood. It is also used as a platelet count stimulator in the treatment of purpura" >idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.serum g's all plasma proteins except albumin, which is not a globulin, and fibrinogen, which is not in the serum. The serum globulins are subdivided into alpha-, beta-, and gamma-globulins on the basis of their relative electrophoretic mobilities.specific immune globulin a preparation of globulin" >immune globulin derived from a donor pool preselected for high antibody titer against a specific antigen, such as globulin" >hepatitis B immune globulin.tetanus immune globulin a globulin" >specific immune globulin derived from the blood plasma of human donors who have been immunized with toxoid" >tetanus toxoid; used in the prophylaxis and treatment of tetanus.thyronine-binding globulin (TBG) (thyroxine-binding globulin) an acidic glycoprotein that is the main binding protein in the blood for thyroxine, and less firmly for triiodothyronine.vaccinia immune globulin a globulin" >specific immune globulin derived from the blood plasma of human donors who have been immunized with vaccinia virus smallpox vaccine; used as a passive immunizing agent.varicella-zoster immune globulin (VZIG) a globulin" >specific immune globulin derived from plasma of human donors with high titers of varicella-zoster antibodies; used for prevention or amelioration of varicella in immunocompromised patients exposed to the disease and in neonates whose mothers develop varicella in the perinatal period. antithymocyte globulin An agent used for immunosuppression in organ transplantation. See also: globulin FinancialSeeATG
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