Black Death
Black Death
Black Death
Black′ Death′
n.
Black Death
Black Death
| Noun | 1. |  Black Death - the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe |
| 单词 | black death | |||
| 释义 | Black DeathBlack DeathBlack DeathBlack′ Death′n. Black DeathBlack Death
Black DeathBlack Death:see plagueplague,any contagious, malignant, epidemic disease, in particular the bubonic plague and the black plague (or Black Death), both forms of the same infection. These acute febrile diseases are caused by Yersinia pestis (Pasteurella pestis ..... Click the link for more information. . Black Deaththe name given by contemporaries to the plague that spread throughout Europe between 1347 and 1353. During that period approximately 25 million people—that is, almost half the population of Europe—died of the Black Death. The pandemic recurred on a smaller scale in 1361 and 1369. The Black Death resulted in a decline in the number of workers and, consequently, in a rise in the cost of labor. To provide the feudal aristocracy and urban patriciate with cheap labor, the governments of some countries enacted laws fixing wages at pre-plague levels. These measures intensified the class struggle, which found expression in uprisings, the rejection of feudal obligations, and the flight of peasants from their feudal lords. black death[¦blak ′deth]Black DeathBlack Deathblack deathdeath[deth]Use of the electroencephalogram is also recommended as being of value in confirmation of irreversible coma or death. If there is a flat electroencephalographic reading at the time of apparent death and a second flat reading 24 hours later, then the patient may be declared dead. There are two exceptions to the above criteria. These are in regard to patients exhibiting marked hypothermia (body temperature below 32.2°C), and those suffering from severe central nervous system depression as a result of drug overdose. It is recognized that the above criteria are limited in that the notion of irreversibility is not readily agreed upon and may take on new meaning as medical technology advances. The criteria are especially helpful as complements to the traditional criteria of absence of heart beat and lack of spontaneous respiration as indications of death. In 1981, a Presidential Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research strongly recommended that all of the United States recognize the cessation of brain function as a definition of death, even in cases in which life-support systems could maintain respiratory and circulatory functions by artificial means. black deathBlack Deathblack plagueThe black plague arrived with the Tartars in Sicily in late 1347, and reached Paris by the following winter; within 3–4 years of its debut, it had killed 25 million, 30% to 60% of Europe’s population at the time. Yersinia pestis infection of mammalian hosts is attributed to suppression and avoidance of the host’s immune defences—e.g., phagocytosis and antibody production.black deathBlack plague. See Plague.black death(blak deth)See also: plague (2) black deathThe bubonic PLAGUE that devastated parts of Europe and Asia around 1350 and recurred at intervals for 300 years until the pandemic of 1664–5.Black Deatha plague caused by the BACTERIUM Yersinia pestis. The DISEASE affects RODENTS, but can spread to man, being transmitted by the bite of the rat FLEA. In man there are three different forms of the disease: bubonic plague, primary septicaemic plague and primary pneumonic plague. In the 14th century there was an outbreak of the bubonic plague in Europe that, within just four years, wiped out about one third of the population. Bubonic plague takes its name from the buboes, swellings that develop in the lymph glands in the armpits, neck and groin of the victim. After a high FEVER, haemorrhaging occurs and the skin turns black. Many victims die within a week. Once the LUNGS become infected the disease can be passed from person to person as pneumonic plague.Black Death
Synonyms for Black Death
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