column

columnIonic order column

col·umn

C0496100 (kŏl′əm) n. 1. Architecture a. A vertical structure usually consisting of a base, a cylindrical shaft, and a capital, used as a support or standing alone as a monument. b. Any slender vertical support, as of steel or reinforced concrete. 2. Something resembling an architectural column in form or function: a column of mercury in a thermometer. 3. a. One of two or more vertical sections of text lying side by side in a document and separated by a rule or a blank space. b. An arrangement of numbers in a single vertical line. 4. A feature article that appears regularly in a publication, such as a newspaper. 5. A formation, as of troops or vehicles, in which all elements follow one behind the other. 6. Botany A columnlike structure, especially one formed by the union of a stamen and the style in an orchid flower, or one formed by the united staminal filaments in flowers such as those of the hibiscus or mallow. 7. Anatomy Any of various tubular or pillarlike supporting structures in the body, each generally having a single tissue origin and function: the vertebral column.

[Middle English columpne, columne, ultimately (partially via Old French columpne), from Latin columna; see kel-² in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.]

col′umned (kŏl′əmd) adj.

column

(ˈkɒləm) n1. (Architecture) an upright post or pillar usually having a cylindrical shaft, a base, and a capital2. a. a form or structure in the shape of a column: a column of air. b. a monument3. a row, line, or file, as of people in a queue4. (Military) military a narrow formation in which individuals or units follow one behind the other5. (Journalism & Publishing) journalism a. any of two or more vertical sections of type on a printed page, esp on a newspaper pageb. a regular article or feature in a paper: the fashion column. 6. (Mathematics) a vertical array of numbers or mathematical terms7. (Botany) botany a long structure in a flower, such as that of an orchid, consisting of the united stamens and style8. (Anatomy) anatomy zoology any elongated structure, such as a tract of grey matter in the spinal cord or the stalk of a crinoid9. (Zoology) anatomy zoology any elongated structure, such as a tract of grey matter in the spinal cord or the stalk of a crinoid[C15: from Latin columna, from columen top, peak; related to Latin collis hill] columnar adj ˈcolumned, columnated adj

col•umn

art at combe (ˈkɒl əm)

n. 1. a. a rigid, slender upright support composed of relatively few pieces. b. a decorative pillar, often of stone, typically having a cylindrical or polygonal shaft with a capital and usu. a base. 2. any columnlike object, mass, or formation: a column of smoke. 3. a vertical row or list: Add this column of figures. 4. a vertical arrangement on a page of horizontal lines of type, usu. typographically justified: There are two columns on this page. 5. an article constituting a regular feature of a newspaper or magazine, and usu. reporting or commenting on political or social affairs, the arts, etc. 6. a long, narrow file of troops (disting. from line). 7. a formation of ships in single file. [1400–50; late Middle English colompne, columne (< Anglo-French) < Latin columna, akin to columen peak; compare hill] col′umned, col′um•nat`ed (-ˌneɪ tɪd) adj.

column

- Its underlying notion is of "height, command, extremity," and it comes from Latin columna, "pillar," which probably came from columen/culmen, "top, summit."See also related terms for pillar.

Column

anything resembling a vertical or horizontal column; an upright mass of water or air. See also pillar.Examples: column of accountants—Lipton, 1970; of air, 1833; of atmosphere, 1700; of infantry [on the march]; of majesty, 1619; of mercury, 1878; of numbers of ships, 1805; of smoke, 1715; of society, 1862; of state, 1725; of troops, 1677.

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	column - a line of units following one after anotherarmed forces, armed services, military, military machine, war machine - the military forces of a nation; "their military is the largest in the region"; "the military machine is the same one we faced in 1991 but now it is weaker"Indian file, single file, file - a line of persons or things ranged one behind the other
	2.	column - a vertical glass tube used in column chromatography; a mixture is poured in the top and washed through a stationary substance where components of the mixture are adsorbed selectively to form colored bandschromatography columntube, tubing - conduit consisting of a long hollow object (usually cylindrical) used to hold and conduct objects or liquids or gases
	3.	column - a vertical array of numbers or other information; "he added a column of numbers"array - an orderly arrangement; "an array of troops in battle order"table, tabular array - a set of data arranged in rows and columns; "see table 1"
	4.	column - anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower; "the test tube held a column of white powder"; "a tower of dust rose above the horizon"; "a thin pillar of smoke betrayed their campsite"pillar, towershape, form - the spatial arrangement of something as distinct from its substance; "geometry is the mathematical science of shape"columella - a small column (or structure resembling a column) that is a part of a plant or animalhoodoo - (geology) a column of weathered and unusually shaped rock; "a tall sandstone hoodoo"
	5.	column - an article giving opinions or perspectiveseditorial, newspaper columnnewspaper, paper - a daily or weekly publication on folded sheets; contains news and articles and advertisements; "he read his newspaper at breakfast"article - nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publicationagony column - a newspaper column devoted to personal problems
	6.	column - a vertical cylindrical structure standing alone and not supporting anything (such as a monument)pillarobelisk - a stone pillar having a rectangular cross section tapering towards a pyramidal topstructure, construction - a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts; "the structure consisted of a series of arches"; "she wore her hair in an amazing construction of whirls and ribbons"totem pole - a tribal emblem consisting of a pillar carved and painted with totemic figures; erected by Indian tribes of the northwest Pacific coast
	7.	column - (architecture) a tall vertical cylindrical structure standing upright and used to support a structurepillartelamon, atlas - a figure of a man used as a supporting columnchapiter, capital, cap - the upper part of a column that supports the entablaturecaryatid - a supporting column carved in the shape of a personnewel - the central pillar of a circular staircasefootstall, plinth, pedestal - an architectural support or base (as for a column or statue)pilaster - a rectangular column that usually projects about a third of its width from the wall to which it is attachedpiling, spile, stilt, pile - a column of wood or steel or concrete that is driven into the ground to provide support for a structurescape, shaft - (architecture) upright consisting of the vertical part of a columnsupport column - a column that supports a heavy weighttemple - an edifice devoted to special or exalted purposesupright, vertical - a vertical structural member as a post or stake; "the ball sailed between the uprights"architecture - the discipline dealing with the principles of design and construction and ornamentation of fine buildings; "architecture and eloquence are mixed arts whose end is sometimes beauty and sometimes use"entasis - a slight convexity in the shaft of a column; compensates for the illusion of concavity that viewers experience when the sides are perfectly straight
	8.	column - a page or text that is vertically divided; "the newspaper devoted several columns to the subject"; "the bookkeeper used pages that were divided into columns"text, textual matter - the words of something written; "there were more than a thousand words of text"; "they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech"; "he wants to reconstruct the original text"
	9.	column - any tubular or pillar-like supporting structure in the bodyskeletal structure - any structure created by the skeleton of an organism

column

noun1. pillar, support, post, shaft, upright, obelisk, pilaster Great stone steps led past Greek columns to the main building.2. line, train, row, file, rank, string, queue, procession, cavalcade There were reports of columns of military vehicles appearing on the streets.3. article, story, feature, piece, item His name features frequently in the social columns of the tabloid newspapers.

column

nounA group of people or things arranged in a row:file, line, queue, rank, row, string, tier.

Translations

圆柱柱状物直栏纵列纵队

column

(ˈkoləm) noun1. a stone or wooden pillar used to support or adorn a building. the carved columns in the temple.圆柱2. something similar in shape. a column of smoke.柱状物3. a vertical row (of numbers). He added up the column (of figures) to find the answer.纵列4. a vertical section of a page of print. a newspaper column. （印刷的）直栏 5. a section in a newspaper, often written regularly by a particular person. He writes a daily column about sport.专栏6. a long file of soldiers marching in short rows. a column of infantry.纵队7. a long line of vehicles etc, one behind the other. 长车队columnist (ˈkoləmnist) noun a person who writes regular articles for a newspaper. 专栏作家

column

→ 圆柱zhCN

column

column,

vertical architectural support, circular or polygonal in plan. A column is generally at least four or five times as high as its diameter or width; stubbier freestanding masses of masonry are usually called piers or pillars, particularly those with a rectangular plan. In fully developed Egyptian architecture the columns were of gigantic size, spaced very closely together, and were reserved for inner courtyards and halls. In the Aegean area, in pre-Hellenic times, the column type known to have been used is one with a cushionlike cap and with its shaft tapering downward. Subsequent types were the archaic forms of Doric, developed by the Dorians after their coming (before 1000 B.C.) into the region. By the 7th cent. B.C. this Greek Doric had been established in its design. The columns of classical architecture represent the attempt to design proportionings and details that would create maximum structural harmony. It is in the Greek temples of the Periclean Age (5th cent. B.C.), notably in the Parthenon, that the ideal was obtained. In Greek, Roman, and Renaissance architecture the various column types, taken together with the entablatures that they support, form the classical orders of architectureorders of architecture.
In classical tyles of architecture the various columnar types fall, in general, into the five so-called classical orders, which are named Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Tuscan, and Composite.
..... Click the link for more information. . The classical column has the three fundamental elements of base, shaft, and capital. The shaft has a gradual upward tapering (entasis), and the capital that crowns it provides a decorative and structural transition between the circular column and the rectangular entablature. The Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian column types advanced toward perfect proportions and details and formed the basis for the columnar architecture of the Romans. Although Greek columns always had vertical channels or flutes cut in their shafts, those of the Romans were often without them. In Greek buildings the columns were usually structurally indispensable, but the Romans and later the Renaissance and modern architects used them often also as a decorative feature, mostly following fixed rules of proportions. The columns of Romanesque, Byzantine, and Gothic buildings were usually structural elements and were without canons of proportioning. The capitals of the Romanesque and Gothic were often variously decorated with plant and animal forms. The columns of Chinese and Japanese architecture are circular or polygonal wood posts, with bases but without capitals, having instead an ornamented projecting bracket. In Indian architecture columns exhibit great variety of detail: shafts, bases, and capitals are often intricately ornamented. In modern construction most columns are of either steel or reinforced concrete. See Doric orderDoric order,
earliest of the orders of architecture developed by the Greeks and the one that they employed for most buildings. It is generally believed that the column and its capital derive from an earlier architecture in wood.
..... Click the link for more information. ; Ionic orderIonic order
, one of the early orders of architecture. The spreading scroll-shaped capital is the distinctive feature of the Ionic order; it was primarily a product of Asia Minor, where early embryonic forms of this capital have been found.
..... Click the link for more information. ; Corinthian orderCorinthian order,
most ornate of the classic orders of architecture. It was also the latest, not arriving at full development until the middle of the 4th cent. B.C. The oldest known example, however, is found in the temple of Apollo at Bassae (c.420 B.C.).
..... Click the link for more information. ; capitalcapital,
in architecture, the crowning member of a column, pilaster, or pier. It acts as the bearing member beneath the lintel or arch supported by the shaft and has a spreading contour appropriate to its function.
..... Click the link for more information. .

Column

A vertical structural compression member or shaft supporting a load, which acts in the direction of its vertical axis and has both a base and a capital, designed to support both an entablature or balcony.

angle column

A freestanding or engaged column placed outside the corner of a building or portico.

baluster column

A short, thick-set column in a subordinate position, as in the windows of early Italian Renaissance facades.

banded column

A column or pilaster with drums alternately larger and smaller, alternately plainer and richer in decoration, or alternately protruding.

Column

in architecture, a vertical support, generally with a circular cross section; an essential element of buildings and other supporting structures. The principal function of a column is to support a vertical load.

The column originated in the architecture of many peoples as an element of the most fundamental type of post-and-lintel construction. The prototypes of the column, wooden posts and stone pillars, bore the weight of the roof beams. The column became an element of the traditional architectural systems, which are commonly known as orders. In classical architectural orders, the main part of the column, the shaft, is fluted and tapered gradually toward the top, sometimes becoming curvilinear or “swollen” (entasis). The shaft often rests on either a plain or ornate base and is crowned with a capital. The column’s proportions, articulation, and modeling, as well as the relationship of its height and diameter with the intercolumniation and with the dimensions of the structure, determine its artistic expressiveness, significance, and impact.

Columns were first used as elements of both the facades and interiors of buildings in ancient Oriental, Greek, and Roman architecture. They were also used to convey a particular sense of scale and to provide rhythmic variation in the surface of a wall. In the architecture of ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome the columns were merged with the wall to a certain extent and lost their independent tectonic importance, resulting in the development of three-quarter columns, half columns, pilasters, and the engaged columns that were prevalent in ancient Rome. Originally serving as supports for roof beams, columns were later used as supports for arches and vaults. Some columns stand isolated as monuments and are usually crowned with sculpture. In frame buildings the column is one of the elements of the frame that bears the load from the elements attached to it or resting on it, such as beams, spandrels, and girders. Columns may be made of stone (bricks, rocks, or concrete blocks), reinforced concrete, metal, or wood. In contemporary usage the word “column” often incorrectly designates supports with cross sections of various shapes (square, rectangular, round, I-shaped, bifurcate, or cruciform).

REFERENCE

Vseobshchaia istoriia arkhitektury, vols. 1–2. Moscow, 1970–73.

V. F. MARKUZON

Column

a formation in which servicemen are placed one behind the other and subunits (vehicles) one behind another.

Columns may consist of files of one, two, three, or more men; they are used to deploy subunits and units in march or line formation. If the column is on the move, the serviceman (or subunit) at the head of the column is called the guide and the one at the rear, the file closer. The distance between the head and the tail of the column is called its depth. In the navy a column is a fleet formation in several lines, each of which is also called a column.

Until the middle of the 19th century, when armies used dense battle formations in combat, the column was a form of troop combat formation. For instance, Napoleon I, A. V. Suvorov, and other generals used company and battalion columns. In the second half of the 19th century the increase in the maximum rate of fire of weapons and in the range and power of aimed fire led to great losses and made the column useless in combat.

What does it mean when you dream about a column?

Columns symbolize strength and work, as they usually hold something up. They also represent organization (e.g., columns of numbers to classify groups of entries in accounting, columns of soldiers). A dream about columns may indicate the dreamer is trying to hold up under burdens or to support others.

column

[′käl·əm] (analytical chemistry) In chromatography, a tube holding the stationary phase through which the mobile phase is passed. (chemical engineering) tower (computer science) A vertical arrangement of characters or other expressions, usually referring to a specific print position on a printer. (engineering) A vertical shaft designed to bear axial loads in compression. (geology) geologic column stalacto-stalagmite (mathematics) place (nucleonics) A hollow cylinder of water and spray thrown up from an underwater burst of an atomic weapon, through which hot, high-pressure gases are vented to the atmosphere; a somewhat similar column of dirt is formed in an underground explosion. Also known as plume.

Column

A structural member that carries its load in compression along its length. Most frequently, as in a building, the column is in a vertical position transmitting gravity loads from its top down to its base. Columns are present in other structures as well, such as in bridges, towers, cranes, airplanes, machinery, and furniture. Other terms used by both engineers and lay persons to identify a column are pillar, post, and strut. Columns of timber, stone, and masonry have been constructed since the dawn of civilization; modern materials also include steel, aluminum, concrete, plastic, and composite material. See Composite material, Loads, transverse, Structural materials, Structural steel

Modern steel columns are made by rolling, extruding, or forming hot steel into predetermined cross-sectional shapes in the manufacturing facility. Reinforced concrete columns are fabricated either in their final locations (cast-in-place concrete) or in a precast plant (precast concrete) with steel reinforcing rods embedded in the concrete. Masonry columns are usually built in their final locations; they are made of brick or concrete masonry blocks; sometimes steel reinforcing rods are embedded within the masonry. See Brick, Concrete, Masonry, Precast concrete, Reinforced concrete

According to their behavior under load, columns are classified as short, slender, or intermediate. A short column is one whose length is relatively short in comparison to its cross-sectional dimensions and, when loaded to its extreme, fails by reaching the compressive strength of its material. This is called failure in axial compression. A slender column is one whose length is large in comparison to its cross-sectional dimensions and, when loaded to its extreme, fails by buckling (abruptly bending) out of its straight-line shape and suddenly collapsing before reaching the compressive strength of its material. This is called a condition of instability. An intermediate column falls between the classifications of short and slender. When loaded to its extreme, the intermediate column falls by a combination of compression and instability.

column

1. In structures, a relatively long, slender structural compression member such as a post, pillar, or strut; usually vertical, supporting a load which acts in (or near) the direction of its longitudinal axis. 2. In classical architecture, a cylindrical support consisting of a base (except in Greek Doric), shaft, and capital; either monolithic or built up of drums the full diameter of the shaft. 3. A pillar standing alone as a monument. (See illustration p. 232.)

column

1. an upright post or pillar usually having a cylindrical shaft, a base, and a capital 2. a vertical array of numbers or mathematical terms 3. Botany a long structure in a flower, such as that of an orchid, consisting of the united stamens and style 4. Anatomy Zoology any elongated structure, such as a tract of grey matter in the spinal cord or the stalk of a crinoid

column

(database)A named slice through a database table thatincludes the same field of each row. For example, atelephone directory table might have a row for each personwith a name column and a telephone number column.

column

(storage)A line of memory cells in a dynamic random-access memory, that is selected by a particular columnaddress.

column

A vertical set of data or components. Contrast with row.

column

col·umn

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col•umn

column

Column

column

column

column

column

column

a little from column A, a little from column B

fifth column

dodge the column

fifth column

dodge the column

fifth column

column

column,

Column

angle column

baluster column

banded column

Column

REFERENCE

Column

What does it mean when you dream about a column?

column

Column

column

column

column

column

column

column

column

col·umn

column

col·umn

column

anal column

anterior column

column of Bertin

column of Burdach

Clarke's column

dorsal column

column of fornix

column of Goll

gray column

intermediolateral cell column

lateral column

motorcolumn

posterior column

rectal column

renal column

sensorycolumn

spinal column

ventral column

vertebral column

Patient discussion about column

column

Synonyms for column

noun pillar

Synonyms

noun line

Synonyms

noun article

Synonyms

Synonyms for column

noun a group of people or things arranged in a row

Synonyms

Synonyms for column

noun a line of units following one after another

Related Words

noun a vertical glass tube used in column chromatography

Synonyms

Related Words

noun a vertical array of numbers or other information

Related Words

noun anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower