birch

birchpaper birchBetula papyrifera

birch

B0273100 (bûrch)n.1. a. Any of various deciduous trees or shrubs of the genus Betula, native to the Northern Hemisphere and having unisexual flowers in catkins, alternate, simple, toothed leaves, and bark that often peels in thin papery layers.b. The hard, close-grained wood of any of these trees, used especially in furniture, interior finishes, and plywood.2. A rod from a birch, used to administer a whipping.tr.v. birched, birch·ing, birch·es To whip with or as if with a birch.

[Middle English, from Old English birce; see bherəg- in Indo-European roots.]

birch

(bɜːtʃ) n1. (Plants) any betulaceous tree or shrub of the genus Betula, having thin peeling bark. See also silver birch2. (Plants) the hard close-grained wood of any of these trees3. the birch a bundle of birch twigs or a birch rod used, esp formerly, for flogging offendersadj4. (Plants) of, relating to, or belonging to the birch5. (Plants) consisting or made of birchvb (tr) to flog with a birch[Old English bierce; related to Old High German birihha, Sanskrit bhūrja] ˈbirchen adj

birch

(bɜrtʃ)
n. 1. any tree or shrub of the genus Betula, comprising species with a smooth, laminated outer bark and close-grained wood. 2. the wood itself. 3. a birch rod, or a bundle of birch twigs, used for whipping. adj. 4. Also, birch′en. of or made of birch. v.t. 5. to beat with or as if with a birch. [before 900; Middle English birche, Old English birce]

birch

Past participle: birched
Gerund: birching

Imperative
birch
birch

Present
I birch
you birch
he/she/it birches
we birch
you birch
they birch

Preterite
I birched
you birched
he/she/it birched
we birched
you birched
they birched

Present Continuous
I am birching
you are birching
he/she/it is birching
we are birching
you are birching
they are birching

Present Perfect
I have birched
you have birched
he/she/it has birched
we have birched
you have birched
they have birched

Past Continuous
I was birching
you were birching
he/she/it was birching
we were birching
you were birching
they were birching

Past Perfect
I had birched
you had birched
he/she/it had birched
we had birched
you had birched
they had birched

Future
I will birch
you will birch
he/she/it will birch
we will birch
you will birch
they will birch

Future Perfect
I will have birched
you will have birched
he/she/it will have birched
we will have birched
you will have birched
they will have birched

Future Continuous
I will be birching
you will be birching
he/she/it will be birching
we will be birching
you will be birching
they will be birching

Present Perfect Continuous
I have been birching
you have been birching
he/she/it has been birching
we have been birching
you have been birching
they have been birching

Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been birching
you will have been birching
he/she/it will have been birching
we will have been birching
you will have been birching
they will have been birching

Past Perfect Continuous
I had been birching
you had been birching
he/she/it had been birching
we had been birching
you had been birching
they had been birching

Conditional
I would birch
you would birch
he/she/it would birch
we would birch
you would birch
they would birch

Past Conditional
I would have birched
you would have birched
he/she/it would have birched
we would have birched
you would have birched
they would have birched

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	birch - hard close-grained wood of any of various birch trees; used especially in furniture and interior finishes and plywoodbirch tree, birch - any betulaceous tree or shrub of the genus Betula having a thin peeling barkwood - the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees
	2.	birch - any betulaceous tree or shrub of the genus Betula having a thin peeling barkbirch treeBetula, genus Betula - a genus of trees of the family Betulaceae (such as birches)birch - hard close-grained wood of any of various birch trees; used especially in furniture and interior finishes and plywoodBetula alleghaniensis, Betula leutea, yellow birch - tree of eastern North America with thin lustrous yellow or grey barkAmerican white birch, Betula cordifolia, Betula papyrifera, canoe birch, paper birch, paperbark birch - small American birch with peeling white bark often worked into e.g. baskets or toy canoesAmerican gray birch, American grey birch, Betula populifolia, gray birch, grey birch - medium-sized birch of eastern North America having white or pale grey bark and valueless wood; occurs often as a second-growth forest treeBetula pendula, common birch, European white birch, silver birch - European birch with silvery white peeling bark and markedly drooping branchesBetula pubescens, downy birch, white birch - European birch with dull white to pale brown bark and somewhat drooping hairy branchesBetula nigra, red birch, river birch, black birch - birch of swamps and river bottoms throughout the eastern United States having reddish-brown barkBetula lenta, black birch, cherry birch, sweet birch - common birch of the eastern United States having spicy brown bark yielding a volatile oil and hard dark wood used for furnitureBetula neoalaskana, Yukon white birch - Alaskan birch with white to pale brown barkBetula fontinalis, mountain birch, swamp birch, water birch, Western birch, Western paper birch - birch of western United States resembling the paper birch but having brownish barkAmerican dwarf birch, Betula glandulosa, Newfoundland dwarf birch - small shrub of colder parts of North America and Greenlandtree - a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms
	3.	birch - a switch consisting of a twig or a bundle of twigs from a birch tree; used to hit people as punishment; "my father never spared the birch"birch rodswitch - a flexible implement used as an instrument of punishment
Verb	1.	birch - whip with a birch twig flog, lash, lather, trounce, welt, whip, slash, strap - beat severely with a whip or rod; "The teacher often flogged the students"; "The children were severely trounced"
Adj.	1.	birch - consisting of or made of wood of the birch treebirchen, birkenwoody - made of or containing or resembling wood; "woody plants"; "perennial herbs with woody stems"; "a woody taste"

Translations

桦树桦木

birch

(bəːtʃ) noun1. (also birch tree) a kind of small tree with pointed leaves valued for its wood. That tree is a birch; (also adjective) birch leaves.桦树2. its wood. a desk made of birch; (also adjective) a birch desk.桦木

birch

→ 桦树zhCN

birch

birch,

common name for some members of the Betulaceae, a family of deciduous trees or shrubs bearing male and female flowers on separate plants, widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. They are valued for their hardwood lumber and edible fruits and as ornamental trees. The species of Betulaceae native to the United States represent five genera—Alnus (alderalder
, name for deciduous trees and shrubs of the genus Alnus of the family Betulaceae (birch family), widely distributed, especially in mountainous and moist areas of the north temperate zone and in the Andes. The black alder (A.
..... Click the link for more information. ), Betula (the birches), Corylus (hazelhazel,
any plant of the genus Corylus of the family Betulaceae (birch family), shrubs or small trees with foliage similar to the related alders. They are often cultivated for ornament and for the edible nuts.
..... Click the link for more information. ), and Carpinus (hornbeamhornbeam
or ironwood,
name in North America for two groups of trees of the family Betulaceae (birch family), native to the eastern half of the continent. Carpinus caroliniana, also called blue beech and water beech, has smooth gray bark.
..... Click the link for more information. ) and Ostrya (hop hornbeam), both also called ironwood. The sixth genus, Ostryopsis, is restricted to Mongolia. The birches, beautiful bushes or trees of temperate and arctic regions, are often found mingled with evergreens in northern coniferous forests. Most American species are trees of the Northeast; a few smaller and scrub species grow in the West. The close-grained hardwood of several of the trees is valued for furniture, flooring, and similar uses (in America, particularly that of the yellow birch, B. lutea); stained birch provides much of the so-called mahogany of lower-priced furniture. White-barked birches are often used as ornamental trees, e.g., the famous paper, or canoe, birch (B. papyrifera) of the N United States and Canada. Its bark, which separates in layers, was used by the Native Americans for canoes and baskets. Various birches have yielded sugar, vinegar, a tea from the leaves, and a birch beer from the sap. The sweet, or black, birch (B. lenta) is now the chief source of oil of wintergreenwintergreen
or checkerberry,
low evergreen plant (Gaultheria procumbens) of the family Ericaceae (heath family), native to sandy and acid woods (usually of evergreens) of E North America and frequently cultivated.
..... Click the link for more information. . The Betulaceae is classified in the division MagnoliophytaMagnoliophyta
, division of the plant kingdom consisting of those organisms commonly called the flowering plants, or angiosperms. The angiosperms have leaves, stems, and roots, and vascular, or conducting, tissue (xylem and phloem).
..... Click the link for more information. , class Magnoliopsida, order Fagales.

birch

A moderately strong, high-density wood, yellowish to brown in color; its uniform texture is well suited for veneer, flooring, and turned wood products. See also: Wood

Birch

(genus Betula), deciduous monoecious trees and shrubs of the Betulaceae family. The bark of the trunk ranges in color from white to black. The leaves are sequential, simple, and petiolate. The staminate flowers, with two bifurcated stamens, are gathered in hanging catkins, which in summer are formed at the ends of annual shoots. Pistillate flowers without perianths, usually in threes (in dichasia) in axils of bracteal husks, are gathered in single catkins, which are displayed in the spring of the year, when they blossom in axils of young leaflets. The birch tree blooms in early spring, almost simultaneously with the opening of the leaves. The fruit is one-seeded, nutlike, flat, and two-winged. Seeds ripen in the summer or fall. The birch tree generally grows rapidly, particularly when it is young. It readily populates areas in which other vegetation does not exist and is often a pioneer species.

There are about 100 (more, by some data) polymorphous species growing in the temperate and cool regions of the northern hemisphere and the mountains of the subtropics; there are about 50 species in the USSR. Many birches are economically important—the valuable lumber-forming and decorative species, particularly the European white birch (Betula pendula or B. verrucosa), the Old World white birch (B. pubescens), the flat-leaf birch (B. platyphylla), the ribbed, or yellow, birch (B. costata), and the Schmidt, or iron, birch (B. Schmidtii). Most species of birch require light, are quite drought- and frost-resistant, and grow in many types of soil. The lumber and bark of many birch species are used in various sectors of the economy. The buds and leaves of the European white birch and Old World white birch are used for medicinal purposes. The buds, which contain 3.5–6 percent essential oil, are sometimes used in infusions as a diuretic and externally as a massage for aches in joints. The most prevalent species of birch is the European white birch. Trees reach 25 m in height and 80 cm in diameter. Birches tolerate a certain amount of salinization of the soil and aridity of the air; they live to 150 years and more. They are observed to 65° N lat. in Western Europe; in the USSR, they are found throughout nearly the entire forest and forest-steppe zone of the European part, western Siberia, Transbaikal, Saiany, Altai, and the Caucasus. Birches grow in combination with coniferous and deciduous varieties. In some places they form vast birch forests; and in the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Volga Region and western Siberia, they form the so-called birch groves, which alternate with fields and steppe areas. Birches are used as field-protecting strips and as decoration. The lumber is prized for furniture production; it is used for veneer and various articles.

REFERENCE

Derev’ia i kustarniki SSSR, vol. 2. Moscow-Leningrad, 1951.

A. P. SHIMANIUK

birch

[bərch] (botany) The common name for all deciduous trees of the genus Betula that compose the family Betulaceae in the order Fagales.

birch

A moderately strong, high-density wood of North America and northern Europe, yellowish white to brown in color; its uniform texture and figure are well suited for veneer, flooring, and turned wood products.

birch

1. any betulaceous tree or shrub of the genus Betula, having thin peeling bark 2. the hard close-grained wood of any of these trees 3. of, relating to, or belonging to the birch 4. consisting or made of birch

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birch,

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Birch

REFERENCE

birch

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Synonyms for birch

noun hard close-grained wood of any of various birch trees

Related Words

noun any betulaceous tree or shrub of the genus Betula having a thin peeling bark

Synonyms

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noun a switch consisting of a twig or a bundle of twigs from a birch tree

Synonyms

Related Words

verb whip with a birch twig

Related Words

adj consisting of or made of wood of the birch tree

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Related Words