| 释义 |
Zarontin
Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | Zarontin - an anticonvulsant drug (trade names Emeside and Zarontin) used to treat petit mal epilepsyEmeside, ethosuximideanticonvulsant, anticonvulsant drug, antiepileptic, antiepileptic drug - a drug used to treat or prevent convulsions (as in epilepsy)brand, brand name, marque, trade name - a name given to a product or service |
Zarontin
Zarontin [zah-ron´tin] trademark for preparations of ethosuximide, an anticonvulsant.ethosuximide (eth-oh-sux-i-mide) ethosuximide, Zarontin (trade name) Classification Therapeutic: anticonvulsants
Pregnancy Category: UK
IndicationsAbsence seizures (petit mal).ActionElevates the seizure threshold.Suppresses abnormal wave and spike activity associated with absence (petit mal) seizures.Therapeutic effectsPrevention of absence (petit mal) seizures.PharmacokineticsAbsorption: Rapidly and completely absorbed from the GI tract following oral administration.Distribution: Freely distributed throughout body water.Metabolism and Excretion: Mostly metabolized by the liver. 10% excreted unchanged by the kidneys.Half-life: 50–60 hr (adults); 30 hr (children).Time/action profile (anticonvulsant activity)| ROUTE | ONSET | PEAK | DURATION | | PO | hr–days | days | days |
Contraindications/PrecautionsContraindicated in: Hypersensitivity; Pediatric: Children <3 yr (safety not established).Use Cautiously in: All patients (may ↑ risk of suicidal thoughts/behaviors); Hepatic or renal disease; Mixed seizure disorders (may ↑ risk of grand mal seizures); Bone marrow suppression; Obstetric / Lactation: Safety not established.Adverse Reactions/Side EffectsCentral nervous system- ↑ frequency of tonic-clonic (Grand mal) seizures (life-threatening)
- Suicidal thoughts (life-threatening)
- ataxia
- dizziness
- drowsiness
- euphoria
- fatigue
- headache
- hyperactivity
- irritability
- psychiatric disturbances
Ear, Eye, Nose, ThroatGastrointestinal- abdominal pain
- anorexia
- cramping
- diarrhea
- nausea
- vomiting
- weight loss
- hiccups
Genitourinary- pink/brown discoloration of urine
- vaginal bleeding
Dermatologic- Stevens-Johnson syndrome (life-threatening)
- hirsutism
- rashes
- urticaria
Hematologic- agranulocytosis
- eosinophilia
- leukopenia
- pancytopenia
NeurologicMiscellaneous- allergic reaction (life-threatening)
- systemic lupus erythematosus
InteractionsDrug-Drug interactionSeizure threshold may be lowered by phenothiazines, antidepressants, or MAO inhibitors.Additive CNS depression with other CNS depressants, including alcohol, antihistamines, antidepressants, opioid analgesics, and sedative/hypnotics.May ↑ phenytoin levels.May ↓ phenobarbital or primidone levels.Blood levels may be ↑ or ↓ by valproic acid.See sedative interactions.St. John's wort may affect ethosuximide levels and effectiveness; avoid use.Concomitant use of kava, valerian, skullcap, chamomile, or hops can ↑ CNS depression.Route/DosageOral (Adults and Children >6 yr) 250 mg bid initially; may ↑ by 250 mg/day every 4–7 days until control achieved (usual maintenance dose 20–40 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses).Oral (Children 3–6 yr) 250 mg once daily initially; may ↑ by 250 mg/day every 4–7 days until control achieved (optimal dose for most children is 20 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses).Availability (generic available)Capsules: 250 mg Syrup: 250 mg/5 mL Nursing implicationsNursing assessment- Assess location, duration, frequency, and characteristics of seizure activity.
- Assess patient’s mood, behavioral patterns, and facial expressions. Patients with a history of psychiatric disorders have an increased risk of developing behavioral changes. These symptoms may necessitate withdrawal of the medication.
- Monitor closely for changes in behavior that could indicate the emergence or worsening of suicidal thoughts or behavior or depression.
- Assess for rash periodically during therapy. May cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Discontinue therapy if severe or if accompanied with fever, general malaise, fatigue, muscle or joint aches, blisters, oral lesions, conjunctivitis, hepatitis and/or eosinophilia.
- Lab Test Considerations: Monitor CBC, hepatic function tests, and urinalysis routinely during prolonged therapy.
Therapeutic serum ethosuximide levels range from 40–100 mcg/mL.
Potential Nursing DiagnosesRisk for injury (Indications, Side Effects)
Deficient knowledge, related to medication regimen (Patient/Family Teaching)
Implementation- Oral: Measure liquid preparations with calibrated measuring device.
- Administer with food or milk to minimize GI irritation.
Patient/Family Teaching- Instruct patient to take medication as directed. If a dose is missed, take as soon as remembered within 4 hr, then continue on dose schedule. Do not double doses. Do not discontinue medication without advice of health care professional. Sudden withdrawal may precipitate seizures. Instruct patient to read the Medication Guide before starting and with each Rx refill, changes may occur.
- Medication may cause dizziness, drowsiness, or blurred vision. Caution patient to avoid driving or other activities requiring alertness until response to medication is known. Do not resume driving until physician gives clearance based on control of seizure disorder.
- Advise patient to avoid alcohol while taking this medication.
- Instruct patient to notify health care professional of all Rx or OTC medications, vitamins, or herbal products being taken and consult health care professional before taking any new medications.
- Instruct patient to notify health care professional if skin rash, joint pain, sore throat, fever, unusual bleeding or bruising, swollen glands, or pink/brown urine, occurs. Advise patient and family to notify health care professional if thoughts about suicide or dying, attempts to commit suicide; new or worse depression; new or worse anxiety; feeling very agitated or restless; panic attacks; trouble sleeping; new or worse irritability; acting aggressive; being angry or violent; acting on dangerous impulses; an extreme increase in activity and talking, other unusual changes in behavior or mood occur.
- Instruct patient to notify health care professional if pregnancy is planned or suspected.
- Advise patient to carry identification describing disease process and medication regimen at all times.
- Emphasize the importance of follow-up exams to monitor progress and side effects.
Evaluation/Desired Outcomes- Decrease or cessation of seizure activity without excessive sedation.
Zarontin A brand name for the ANTIEPILEPSY drug ETHOSUXIMIDE.Zarontin
Synonyms for Zarontinnoun an anticonvulsant drug (trade names Emeside and Zarontin) used to treat petit mal epilepsySynonymsRelated Words- anticonvulsant
- anticonvulsant drug
- antiepileptic
- antiepileptic drug
- brand
- brand name
- marque
- trade name
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