witness

wit·ness

W0194500 (wĭt′nĭs)n.1. One who can give a firsthand account of something seen, heard, or experienced: a witness to the accident.2. Law a. One who is called on to testify before a court.b. One who is called on to be present at a transaction in order to attest to what takes place.c. One who signs one's name to a document for the purpose of attesting to its authenticity.3. a. Attestation to a fact, statement, or event; testimony: She bears witness to these events in her letters.b. Something that serves as evidence; a sign: The parody of the poem is a witness to the poem's popularity.4. a. One who publicly affirms religious faith.b. Witness A member of the Jehovah's Witnesses.v. wit·nessed, wit·ness·ing, wit·ness·es v.tr.1. To see or know by personal experience: witness a robbery; witness the birth of a new nation.2. a. To provide or serve as evidence of: The child's laughter witnessed her delight.b. To consider as an example. Often used in the imperative: Even a widespread species can go extinct. Witness the passenger pigeon.3. To testify to; bear witness of: The diary witnesses the difficult living conditions of the time.4. To be the setting or site of: This old auditorium has witnessed many ceremonies.5. To attest to the legality or authenticity of (a document) by signing one's name.v.intr.1. To furnish or serve as evidence: The fine buildings witness to the town's prosperity.2. To testify to one's religious beliefs: "As they witnessed to their faith they brought others to believe" (Leon Morris).

[Middle English, from Old English, from wit, knowledge; see wit¹.]

wit′ness·er n.

witness

(ˈwɪtnɪs) n1. a person who has seen or can give first-hand evidence of some event2. (Law) a person or thing giving or serving as evidence3. (Law) a person who testifies, esp in a court of law, to events or facts within his or her own knowledge4. (Law) a person who attests to the genuineness of a document, signature, etc, by adding his or her own signature5. (Law) bear witness a. to give written or oral testimonyb. to be evidence or proof of. testimonialvb6. (tr) to see, be present at, or know at first hand7. (Law) to give or serve as evidence (of)8. (tr) to be the scene or setting of: this field has witnessed a battle. 9. (Law) (intr) to testify, esp in a court of law, to events within one's own knowledge10. (Law) (tr) to attest to the genuineness of (a document, signature, etc) by adding one's own signature[Old English witnes (meaning both testimony and witness), from witan to know, wit² + -ness; related to Old Norse vitni] ˈwitnessable adj ˈwitnesser n

wit•ness

(ˈwɪt nɪs)

v.t. 1. to see, hear, or know by personal presence and perception: to witness an accident. 2. to be present at (an occurrence) as a formal witness, spectator, bystander, etc.: She witnessed our wedding. 3. to bear witness to; testify to; give or afford evidence of. 4. to attest by one's signature: He witnessed her will. v.i. 5. to bear witness; testify; give or afford evidence. n. 6. a person who is present at an occurrence, esp. one who is able to attest as to what took place. 7. a person who gives testimony, as in a court of law. 8. a person or thing serving as evidence. 9. a person who signs a document attesting the genuineness of its execution. 10. testimony or evidence: to bear witness to her suffering. [before 950; Middle English, Old English witnes orig., knowledge, understanding] wit′ness•a•ble, adj. wit′ness•er, n.

witness

Past participle: witnessed
Gerund: witnessing

Imperative
witness
witness

Present
I witness
you witness
he/she/it witnesses
we witness
you witness
they witness

Preterite
I witnessed
you witnessed
he/she/it witnessed
we witnessed
you witnessed
they witnessed

Present Continuous
I am witnessing
you are witnessing
he/she/it is witnessing
we are witnessing
you are witnessing
they are witnessing

Present Perfect
I have witnessed
you have witnessed
he/she/it has witnessed
we have witnessed
you have witnessed
they have witnessed

Past Continuous
I was witnessing
you were witnessing
he/she/it was witnessing
we were witnessing
you were witnessing
they were witnessing

Past Perfect
I had witnessed
you had witnessed
he/she/it had witnessed
we had witnessed
you had witnessed
they had witnessed

Future
I will witness
you will witness
he/she/it will witness
we will witness
you will witness
they will witness

Future Perfect
I will have witnessed
you will have witnessed
he/she/it will have witnessed
we will have witnessed
you will have witnessed
they will have witnessed

Future Continuous
I will be witnessing
you will be witnessing
he/she/it will be witnessing
we will be witnessing
you will be witnessing
they will be witnessing

Present Perfect Continuous
I have been witnessing
you have been witnessing
he/she/it has been witnessing
we have been witnessing
you have been witnessing
they have been witnessing

Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been witnessing
you will have been witnessing
he/she/it will have been witnessing
we will have been witnessing
you will have been witnessing
they will have been witnessing

Past Perfect Continuous
I had been witnessing
you had been witnessing
he/she/it had been witnessing
we had been witnessing
you had been witnessing
they had been witnessing

Conditional
I would witness
you would witness
he/she/it would witness
we would witness
you would witness
they would witness

Past Conditional
I would have witnessed
you would have witnessed
he/she/it would have witnessed
we would have witnessed
you would have witnessed
they would have witnessed

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	witness - someone who sees an event and reports what happenedwitnesser, informantbeholder, observer, perceiver, percipient - a person who becomes aware (of things or events) through the sensesattester, attestant - someone who affirms or vouches for the correctness or truth or genuineness of somethingspeaker, talker, verbaliser, verbalizer, utterer - someone who expresses in language; someone who talks (especially someone who delivers a public speech or someone especially garrulous); "the speaker at commencement"; "an utterer of useful maxims"deponent, deposer, testifier - a person who testifies or gives a deposition
	2.	witness - a close observer; someone who looks at something (such as an exhibition of some kind); "the spectators applauded the performance"; "television viewers"; "sky watchers discovered a new star"looker, spectator, viewer, watcherbeholder, observer, perceiver, percipient - a person who becomes aware (of things or events) through the sensesbrowser - a viewer who looks around casually without seeking anything in particularbystander - a nonparticipant spectatorcheerer - a spectator who shouts encouragementeyewitness - a spectator who can describe what happenedgawker - a spectator who stares stupidly without intelligent awarenessmotion-picture fan, moviegoer - someone who goes to see moviesogler - a viewer who gives a flirtatious or lewd look at another personlooker-on, onlooker - someone who looks onplaygoer, theatergoer, theatregoer - someone who attends the theaterrubbernecker, rubberneck - a person who stares inquisitivelyspy - a secret watcher; someone who secretly watches other people; "my spies tell me that you had a good time last night"starer - a viewer who gazes fixedly (often with hostility)peeper, Peeping Tom, voyeur - a viewer who enjoys seeing the sex acts or sex organs of others
	3.	witness - testimony by word or deed to your religious faithshahadah - the first pillar of Islam is an affirmation of faithtestimony - a solemn statement made under oath
	4.	witness - (law) a person who attests to the genuineness of a document or signature by adding their own signatureattestant, attestator, attestorlaw, jurisprudence - the collection of rules imposed by authority; "civilization presupposes respect for the law"; "the great problem for jurisprudence to allow freedom while enforcing order"signatory, signer - someone who signs and is bound by a document
	5.	witness - (law) a person who testifies under oath in a court of lawindividual, mortal, person, somebody, someone, soul - a human being; "there was too much for one person to do"law, jurisprudence - the collection of rules imposed by authority; "civilization presupposes respect for the law"; "the great problem for jurisprudence to allow freedom while enforcing order"adverse witness, hostile witness - a witness whose relationship to the opposing party is such that his or her testimony may be prejudiced against the opposing party; "a hostile witness can be asked leading questions and cross-examined"character witness - a witness who testifies under oath as to the good reputation of another person in the community where that person livesexpert witness - a witness who has knowledge not normally possessed by the average person concerning the topic that he is to testify aboutlay witness - any witness who does not testify as an expert witnessmaterial witness - a witness whose testimony is both relevant to the matter at issue and required in order to resolve the matter
Verb	1.	witness - be a witness to; "She witnessed the accident and had to testify in court"eyewitness - be present at an event and see it with one's own eyeswatch - look attentively; "watch a basketball game"
	2.	witness - perceive or be contemporaneous with; "We found Republicans winning the offices"; "You'll see a lot of cheating in this school"; "The 1960's saw the rebellion of the younger generation against established traditions"; "I want to see results"see, findget a line, get wind, get word, hear, learn, discover, find out, pick up, see - get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally; "I learned that she has two grown-up children"; "I see that you have been promoted"catch - become aware of; "he caught her staring out the window"experience, go through, see - go or live through; "We had many trials to go through"; "he saw action in Viet Nam"find - perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place; "I found myself in a difficult situation"; "When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room"

witness

noun1. observer, viewer, spectator, looker-on, watcher, onlooker, eyewitness, bystander, beholder No witnesses of the crash have come forward.2. testifier, deponent, attestant Eleven witnesses were called to testify.verb1. see, mark, view, watch, note, notice, attend, observe, perceive, look on, be present at, behold (archaic or literary) Anyone who witnessed the attack is urged to contact the police.2. countersign, sign, endorse, validate Ask a friend to witness your signature on the application.bear witness1. confirm, show, prove, demonstrate, bear out, testify to, be evidence of, corroborate, attest to, be proof of, vouch for, evince, betoken, be a monument to, constitute proof of Many of his poems bear witness to the years he spent in India.2. give evidence, testify, depose, give testimony, depone His mother bore witness in court that he had been at home that night.Related words
adjective testimonial

witness

noun1. Someone who sees something occur:eyewitness, seer, viewer.2. Something visible or evident that gives grounds for believing in the existence or presence of something else:badge, evidence, index, indication, indicator, manifestation, mark, note, sign, signification, stamp, symptom, token.3. One who testifies, especially in court:attestant, attester, testifier.Law: deponent.4. A formal declaration of truth or fact given under oath:testimony.Law: deposition.verb1. To give grounds for believing in the existence or presence of:argue, attest, bespeak, betoken, indicate, mark, point to, testify.2. To confirm formally as true, accurate, or genuine:attest, certify, testify, vouch (for).Idiom: bear witness to.3. To give evidence or testimony under oath:attest, swear, testify.Law: depone, depose.Idioms: bear witness, take the stand.

Translations

证人连署人作证目击

witness

(ˈwitnəs) noun1. a person who has seen or was present at an event etc and so has direct knowledge of it. Someone must have seen the accident but the police can find no witnesses.目击者2. a person who gives evidence, especially in a law court. 证人3. a person who adds his signature to a document to show that he considers another signature on the document to be genuine. You cannot sign your will without witnesses.连署人 verb1. to see and be present at. This lady witnessed an accident at three o'clock this afternoon.目击2. to sign one's name to show that one knows that (something) is genuine. He witnessed my signature on the new agreement.作证ˈwitness-box / ˈwitness-stand noun the stand from which a witness gives evidence in a court of law. 证人席bear witness to give evidence. She will bear witness to his honesty.作证

witness

→ 证人zhCN

Can you be a witness for me? → 您能做我的目击证人吗？

witness

1) n. a person who testifies under oath in a trial (or a deposition which may be used in a trial if the witness is not available) with first-hand or expert evidence useful in a lawsuit. A party to the lawsuit (plaintiff or defendant) may be a witness. 2) a person who sees an event. 3) a person who observes the signing of a document like a will or a contract and signs as a witness on the document attesting that the document was signed in the presence of the witness. 4) v. to sign a document verifying that he/she observed the execution of the document such as a will. (See: evidence, trial, deposition, will)

witness

a person who gives evidence; in court such evidence must be given on oath or by affirmation. See also VULNERABLE WITNESS.

WITNESS. One who, being sworn or affirmed, according to law, deposes as to his knowledge of facts in issue between the parties in a cause.
2. In another sense by witness is understood one who is called upon to be present at a transaction, as a wedding, or the making of a will. When a person signs his name to an instrument, as a deed, a bond, and the like, to signify that the same was executed in his presence, he is called an attesting witness.
3. The testimony of witnesses can never have the effect of a demonstration, because it is not impossible, indeed it frequently happens, that they are mistaken, or wish themselves to deceive. There can, therefore, result no other certainty from their testimony than what arises from analogy. When in the calm of the passions, we listen only to the voice of reason and the impulse of nature we feel in ourselves a great repugnance to betray the truth, to the prejudice of another, and we have observes that honest, intelligent and disinterested persons never combine to deceive others by a falsehood. We conclude then, by analogy, with a sort of moral certainty, that a fact attested by several witnesses, worthy of credit, is true. This proof derives its whole force from a double presumption. We presume, in the first place, on the good sense of the witnesses that they have not been mistaken; and, secondly, we presume on their probity that they wish not to deceive. To be certain that they have not been deceived, and that they do not wish to mislead, we must ascertain, as far as possible, the nature and the quality of the facts proved; the quality and the person of the witness; and the testimony itself, by comparing it with the deposition of other witnesses, or with known facts. Vide Circumstances.
4. It is proper to consider, 1st. The character of the witness. 2d. The quality of the witness. 3d. The number of witnesses required by law.
5.-1. When we are called upon to rely on the testimony of another in order to form a judgment as to certain facts, we must be certain, 1st. That he knows the facts in question, and that he is not mistaken; and, 2d. That he is disposed to tell the truth, and has no desire to impose on those who are to form a judgment on his testimony. The confidence therefore, which we give to the witness must be considered, in the first place, by his capacity or his organization, and in the next, by the interest or motive which he has to tell or not to tell the truth. When the facts to which the witness testifies agree with the circumstances which are known to exist, he becomes much more credible than when there is a contradiction in this respect. It is true that until impeached one witness is as good as another; but when a witness is impeached, although he remains competent, he is not as credible as before. Vide Circumstances; Competency; Credibility.
6.-11. As to the quality of the witnesses, it is a general rule that all persons way be witnesses. To this there are various exceptions. A witness may be incompetent, 1. For want of understanding. 2. On account of interest. 3. Because his admission is contrary to public policy. 4. For want of religious principles; and, 5. On account of infamy.
7.-Sec. 1. Persons who want understanding, it is clear, cannot be witnesses, because they are to depose to facts which they know; and if they have no understanding, they cannot know the facts. There are two classes of persons of this kind.
8.-1. Infants. A child of any age capable of distinguishing between good and evil may be examined as a witness; and in all cases, the examination must be under oath or affirmation. 1 Phil. Ev. 19; 1 Const. R. 354. This appears to be the rule in England; though formerly it was held by some judges that it was a presumption of law that the child was incompetent when he was under seven years of age. Gilb. Ev. 144; 1 East, R. 422; 1 East, P. C. 443; 1 Leach, 199. When the child is under fourteen, he is presumed incapable until capacity is shown; 2 Tenn. Rep. 80; 19 Mass. R. 225; and see 18 John. R. 105; when he is over fourteen he may be sworn without a previous examination. 2 South. R. 589.
9.-2. Idiots and lunatics. An idiot cannot be examined as a witness, but a lunatic, (q.v.) during a lucid interval, (q.v.) may be examined. A person in a state of intoxication cannot be admitted as a witness. 15 Serg. & Rawle, 235. See Ray, Med. Jur. c. 22, Sec. 300 to 311.
10.-Sec. 2. Interest in the event of the suit excludes the witness from examination, unless under certain circumstances. See article Interest. The exceptions are the cases of informers, (q.v.) when the statute makes them witnesses, although they may be entitled to a penalty; 1 Phil. Ev. 96; persons entitled to a reward, (q.v.) are sometimes competent; agents are also admitted in order to prove a contract made by them on the part of the principal, 1 Phil. Ev. 99; and see 1 John. Cas. 408; 2 John. Cas. 60; 2 John. R. 189; 13 Mass. R. 380; 11 Mass. R. 60; 2 Marsh. In 706 b; 1 Dall. R. 7; 1 Caines' R. 167. A mere trustee may be examined by either party. 1 Clarke, R. 281. An interested witness competency may be restored by a release. 1 Phil. Ev. 101. Vide, generally, 1 Day's R. 266, 269; 1 Caines' R. 276; 8 John. R. 518; 4 Mass. R. 488; 3 John. Cas. 82, 269; 1 Hayw. 2; 5 Halst. R. 297; 6 Binn. R. 319; 4 Binn. 83; 1 Dana's R. 181; 1 Taylor's R. 55; Bac. Ab. Evidence B; Bouv. Inst. Index, h.t.
11.-Sec. 3. There are some persons who cannot be examined as witnesses, because it is inconsistent with public policy that they should testify against certain persons; these are,
12.-1. Husband and wife. The reason for excluding them from giving evidence, either for or against each other, is founded partly on their identity of interest, partly on a principle of public policy which deems it necessary to guard the security and confidence of private life, even at the risk of an occasional failure of justice. They cannot be witnesses for each other because their interests are absolutely the same; they are not witnesses against each other, because it is against the policy of marriage. Co. Litt. 6, b; 2 T. R. 265, 269; 6 Binn. 488. This is the rule when either is a party to a civil suit or action.
13. But where one of them, not being a party, is interested in the result, there is a distinction between the giving evidence for and against the other. It is an invariable rule that neither of them is a witness for the other who is interested in the result, and that where the husband is disqualified by his interest, the wife is also incompetent. 1 Ld. Raym. 744; 2 Str. 1095; 1 P. Wms. 610.
14. On the other hand, where the interest of the husband, consisting in a civil liability, would not have protected him from examination, it seems that the wife must also answer, although the effect may be to subject her husband to an action. This case differs very materially from those where the husband himself could not have been examined, either because he was a party or because he would criminate himself. The party to whom the testimony of the wife is essential, has a legal interest in her evidence; and as he might insist on examining the husband, it would, it seems, be straining the rule of policy too far to deprive him of the benefit of the wife's testimony. In an action for goods sold and delivered, it has been held that the wife of a third person is competent to prove that the credit was given to her husband. 1 Str. 504; B. N. P. 287. See 1 H. & M. 154; 11 Mass. 286; 1 Har. & J. 478; 1 Tayl. 9; 6 Binn. 488; 1 Yeates; 390, 534.
15. When neither of them is either a party to the suit, nor interested in the general result, the husband or wife is, it seems, competent to prove any fact, provided the evidence does not directly criminate, or tend to criminate, the other. 2 T. R. 263.
16. It has been held in Pennsylvania that the deposition of a wife on her deathbed, charging her husband with murdering her, was good evidence against him, on his trial for murder. Addis. 332. On an indictment for a conspiracy in inveigling a young girl from her mother's house, and she being intoxicated, procuring the marriage ceremony to be recited between her and one of the defendants, the girl is a competent witness to prove the facts. 2 Yeates, 114.
17. See, as to the competency of a wife de facto, but not de jure, Stark. Ev, pt. 4, p. 711. And on an indictment for forcible entry, the wife of the prosecutor was examined as a witness to prove the force, but only the force. 1 Dall. 68.
18. 2. Attorneys. They cannot be examined as witnesses as to confidential communications which they have received from their clients, made while the relation of attorney and client subsisted. 3 Johns. Cas. 198. See 3 Yeates, 4. Communications thus protected must have been made to him as instructions necessary for conducting the cause, and not any extraneous or impertinent matter; 3 Johns. Cas. 198; they must have been made to him in the character of a counsel and not as a friend merely; 1 Caines' R. 15 7; they must have been made while the relation of counsel and client existed, and not after. 13 John. Rep. 492. An attorney may be examined as to the existence of a paper entrusted to him by his client, and as to the fact that it is in his possession, but he cannot be compelled to produce it, or disclose its date or contents. 17 Johns. R. 335. See 18 Johns. R. 330. He may also be called to prove a collateral fact not entrusted to him by his client; as to prove. his client's handwriting. 19 Johns. R. 134: 3 Yeates, 4. He is a competent witness for his client, although his judgment fee depends upon his success; 1 Dall. 241; or he expects to receive a larger fee from his client if the latter succeeds. 4 S. & R. 82. In Louisiana, the reverse has been decided. It is there held that an attorney cannot become a witness for his client in a cause in which he was employed, by renouncing his fee, and having his name struck off from the record, in that case. 3 N. S. 88. Vide Confidential Communications.
19.-3. Confessors. In New York it has been held that a confessor could not be compelled to disclose secrets which he had received in auricular confession. City Hall Rec. 80 n. Vide Confessor; Confidential Communications.
20.-4. Jurors. A juror is not competent to prove his own or the conduct of his fellow jurors to impeach a verdict they have rendered. 5 Conn. R. 348. See Coxe, R. 166, and article Grand Jury. And a judge in a cause which is on trial before him cannot be a witness, as he cannot decide on his own competency, nor on the weight of his own testimony, compared with that of another; 2 Mart. R. N. S. 312; 1 Greenl. Ev. Sec. 364.
21.-5. Slaves. It is said that a slave could not be a witness at common law because of the unbounded influence his master had over him. 4 Dall. R. 145, note 1; but see 1 St. Tr. 113 Macnally's Ev. 156. By statutory provisions in the slave states, a slave is generally held incompetent in actions between white persons. See 7 Monr. R. 91; 4 Ham. R. 353; 5 Litt. R. 171; 3 Harr. & John. 97; 1 McCord, R. 430. In New York a free black man is competent to prove facts happening while he was a slave. 1 John. R. 508; see 10 John. R. 132.
22.-6. A party to a negotiable instrument, is not allowed to give evidence to invalidate it. 1 T. R. 300. But the rule is confined to negotiable instruments. 1 Bl. R. 365. This rule does not appear to be very firmly established in England. In the state courts of some of the United States it has been adopted, and may now be considered to be law. 2 Dall. R. 194; ld. 196; 2 Binn. R. 154; 2 Dall. R. 242; 1 Cain. R. 258, 267; 2 Johns. R. 165; Id. 258; 1 John. R. 572; 3 Mass R. 559; Id. 565; Id. 27; Id. 31; 1 Day, R. 17; 6 Pet. 51; 8 Pet. 12; 5 Greenl. 374; 1 Bailey, 479; 2 Dall. 194. But flee 16 John. 70; 8 Wend. 90; 20 John. 285. The witness may however testify to subsequent facts, not tending to show that the instrument was originally invalid. Peake's N. P. C. 6. See 2 Wash. 63; 1 Hen. & Munf. 165, 166, 175; 1 Cranch, R. 194.
23.-Sec. 4. When the witness has no religious principles to bind his conscience, the law rejects his testimony; but there is not such defect of religious principles, when the witness believes in the existence of a God, who will reward or punish in this world or that which is to come. Willes' R. 550. Vide the article Infidel where the subject is more fully examined and Atheist; Future state.
24.-Sec. 5. Infamy (q.v.) is a disqualification while it remains.
25.-III. As to the number of witnesses, it is a general rule that one witness is sufficient to establish a fact, but to this there are exceptions, both in civil and criminal cases.
26.-1. In civil cases. The laws of perhaps all the states of the Union require two witnesses and some require even more, to prove the execution of a last will and testament devising lands.
27.-2. In criminal cages, there are several instances where two witnesses at least are required. The constitution of the United States, art. 3, s. 3, provides that no person shall be convicted of treason, unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. In cases of perjury there must evidently be two witnesses, or one witness, and such circumstances as have the effect of one witness; for if there be but one witness, then there is oath against oath, and therefore uncertainty.
28. A witness may be compelled to attend court. In the first place a subpoena requiring his attendance must be served upon him personally, and on his neglect to attend, an attachment for contempt will be issued. See, generally, Bouv. Inst. Index, h.t.

WITNESS, AGED. It has been laid down as a rule that to be considered an aged witness, a person must be at least seventy years old. See Aged Witness.

WITNESS, GOING. A going witness is one who is about to leave the jurisdiction of the court in which a cause is depending. See Going Witness.

witness

wit·ness

witness

wit•ness

witness

witness

witness

witness

witness

witness

bear false witness

bear witness to (something)

be (a) witness to (something)

give witness to (something)

leading question

lead a/the witness

leading question

witness for someone or something

witness to something

leading question

be (a) ˈwitness to something

bear/give ˈwitness (to something)

witness

witness:

Witness

Witness

witness

witness

witness

witness

Patient discussion about witness

witness

witness

witness

WITNESS

witness

Synonyms for witness

noun observer

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noun testifier

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verb see

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verb countersign

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phrase bear witness: confirm

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phrase bear witness: give evidence

Synonyms

Synonyms for witness

noun someone who sees something occur

Synonyms

noun something visible or evident that gives grounds for believing in the existence or presence of something else

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noun one who testifies, especially in court

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noun a formal declaration of truth or fact given under oath

Synonyms

verb to give grounds for believing in the existence or presence of

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verb to confirm formally as true, accurate, or genuine

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verb to give evidence or testimony under oath

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Synonyms for witness

noun someone who sees an event and reports what happened

Synonyms

Related Words

noun a close observer

Synonyms

Related Words

noun testimony by word or deed to your religious faith

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noun (law) a person who attests to the genuineness of a document or signature by adding their own signature

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Related Words

noun (law) a person who testifies under oath in a court of law

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verb be a witness to

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