Watson, John Broadus

Watson, John Broadus,

1878–1958, American psychologist, b. Greenville, S.C. He taught (1903–8) at the Univ. of Chicago and was professor and director (1908–20) of the psychological laboratory at Johns Hopkins. Watson emphasized the study of observable behavior, rejecting introspection and theories of the unconscious mind. He originated the school of psychology known as behaviorismbehaviorism,
school of psychology which seeks to explain animal and human behavior entirely in terms of observable and measurable responses to environmental stimuli. Behaviorism was introduced (1913) by the American psychologist John B.
..... Click the link for more information. , in which behavior is described in terms of physiological responses to stimuli. Watson's work influenced B. F. SkinnerSkinner, Burrhus Frederic,
1904–90, American psychologist, b. Susquehanna, Pa. He received his Ph.D. from Harvard in 1931, and remained there as an instructor until 1936, when he moved to the Univ. of Minnesota (1937–45) and to Indiana Univ.
..... Click the link for more information. in his groundbreaking studies of operant conditioning, and had a major impact on the development of behavior therapybehavior therapy
or behavior modification,
in psychology, treatment of human behavioral disorders through the reinforcement of acceptable behavior and suppression of undesirable behavior.
..... Click the link for more information. . His writings include Psychology from the Standpoint of a Behaviorist (1919, repr. 1983), Behaviorism (1925, repr. 1970), and Psychological Care of Infant and Child (1928, repr. 1972).

Watson, John Broadus

Born Jan. 9, 1878, in Greenville, S.C.; died Sept. 25, 1958, in New York. American psychologist and founder of behaviorism.

Watson was a professor at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore from 1908 to 1920. His ideas, which were based on animal studies, represented a reaction to the methods of introspective psychology. In Watson’s view, psychology was to be regarded as one of the natural sciences and should apply the latter’s objective experimental methods. He treated all psychological activity as behavior, which was interpreted as the sum of “stimulus-response” relationships. According to Watson, the organism is a “self-organizing machine,” and the main task of psychology is to study the processes of learning. Even thought was regarded by Watson as a hidden motor activity and as a substitute for action.

Watson’s ideas and methods greatly influenced the development of psychology, especially in the USA, but have come under criticism in contemporary psychology for being mechanistic and limited.

WORKS

Behavior: An Introduction to Comparative Psychology. New York, 1914.
In Russian translation:
“Bikheviorizm.” In Bol’shaia Sovetskaia Entsiklopediia, vol. 6. Moscow, 1927. Pages 434–43.
Psikhologiia kak nauka o povedenii. Moscow-Leningrad, 1926.
Psikhologicheskii ukhod za rebenkom. Moscow, 1929.

REFERENCES

Eksperimental’naia psikhologiia, vols. 1–2. Edited and compiled by P. Fraisse and J. Piaget. Moscow, 1966. (Translated from French.)
Iaroshevskü, M. G. Istoriia psikhologii. Moscow, 1966.

单词	watson, john broadus
释义	DictionarySeeWatson Watson, John Broadus Watson, John Broadus, 1878–1958, American psychologist, b. Greenville, S.C. He taught (1903–8) at the Univ. of Chicago and was professor and director (1908–20) of the psychological laboratory at Johns Hopkins. Watson emphasized the study of observable behavior, rejecting introspection and theories of the unconscious mind. He originated the school of psychology known as behaviorismbehaviorism, school of psychology which seeks to explain animal and human behavior entirely in terms of observable and measurable responses to environmental stimuli. Behaviorism was introduced (1913) by the American psychologist John B. ..... Click the link for more information. , in which behavior is described in terms of physiological responses to stimuli. Watson's work influenced B. F. SkinnerSkinner, Burrhus Frederic, 1904–90, American psychologist, b. Susquehanna, Pa. He received his Ph.D. from Harvard in 1931, and remained there as an instructor until 1936, when he moved to the Univ. of Minnesota (1937–45) and to Indiana Univ. ..... Click the link for more information. in his groundbreaking studies of operant conditioning, and had a major impact on the development of behavior therapybehavior therapy or behavior modification, in psychology, treatment of human behavioral disorders through the reinforcement of acceptable behavior and suppression of undesirable behavior. ..... Click the link for more information. . His writings include Psychology from the Standpoint of a Behaviorist (1919, repr. 1983), Behaviorism (1925, repr. 1970), and Psychological Care of Infant and Child (1928, repr. 1972). Watson, John Broadus Born Jan. 9, 1878, in Greenville, S.C.; died Sept. 25, 1958, in New York. American psychologist and founder of behaviorism. Watson was a professor at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore from 1908 to 1920. His ideas, which were based on animal studies, represented a reaction to the methods of introspective psychology. In Watson’s view, psychology was to be regarded as one of the natural sciences and should apply the latter’s objective experimental methods. He treated all psychological activity as behavior, which was interpreted as the sum of “stimulus-response” relationships. According to Watson, the organism is a “self-organizing machine,” and the main task of psychology is to study the processes of learning. Even thought was regarded by Watson as a hidden motor activity and as a substitute for action. Watson’s ideas and methods greatly influenced the development of psychology, especially in the USA, but have come under criticism in contemporary psychology for being mechanistic and limited. WORKS Behavior: An Introduction to Comparative Psychology. New York, 1914. In Russian translation: “Bikheviorizm.” In Bol’shaia Sovetskaia Entsiklopediia, vol. 6. Moscow, 1927. Pages 434–43. Psikhologiia kak nauka o povedenii. Moscow-Leningrad, 1926. Psikhologicheskii ukhod za rebenkom. Moscow, 1929. REFERENCES Eksperimental’naia psikhologiia, vols. 1–2. Edited and compiled by P. Fraisse and J. Piaget. Moscow, 1966. (Translated from French.) Iaroshevskü, M. G. Istoriia psikhologii. Moscow, 1966.
随便看	complete atrioventricular block complete atrioventricular canal complete atrio-ventricular canal defect complete atrioventricular dissociation complete atrioventricular septal defect complete audit complete audits complete automated system for information processing complete automation on the move complete automotive repair service complete av block complete av dissociation complete axillary node dissection complete background investigation complete basis of issue complete basis of issue plan complete basis set - full configuration interaction complete basis set - quadratic configuration interaction complete bed bath complete bed rest complete behavioral model analysis complete beta function complete bidirectional isthmus conduction block complete bilateral cleft lip and palate complete binary search tree