scopolamine

(skōpŏl`əmēn, –mĭn) or

hyoscine

(hī`əsēn', –sĭn), alkaloid drug obtained from plants of the nightshade family (Solanaceae), chiefly from henbanehenbane
or black henbane,
herb (Hyoscyamus niger) native to the Mediterranean region and naturalized in parts of North America. It belongs to the family Solanaceae (nightshade family) and contains a narcotic poison (similar to that of the related belladonna)
..... Click the link for more information. , Hyoscyamus niger. Structurally similar to the nerve substance acetylcholineacetylcholine
, a small organic molecule liberated at nerve endings as a neurotransmitter. It is particularly important in the stimulation of muscle tissue. The transmission of an impulse to the end of the nerve causes it to release neurotransmitter molecules onto the surface of
..... Click the link for more information. , scopolamine acts by interfering with the transmission of nerve impulses by acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous systemnervous system,
network of specialized tissue that controls actions and reactions of the body and its adjustment to the environment. Virtually all members of the animal kingdom have at least a rudimentary nervous system.
..... Click the link for more information. and produces symptoms typical of parasympathetic system depression: dilated pupils, rapid heartbeat, and dry skin, mouth, and respiratory passages. Because scopolamine depresses the central nervous system, it is used as a sedativesedative,
any of a variety of drugs that relieve anxiety. Most sedatives act as mild depressants of the nervous system, lessening general nervous activity or reducing the irritability or activity of a specific organ.
..... Click the link for more information. prior to anesthesia and as an antispasmodic in certain disorders characterized by restlessness and agitation, e.g., delirium tremens, psychosis, mania, and Parkinsonism. When combined with morphinemorphine,
principal derivative of opium, which is the juice in the unripe seed pods of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum. It was first isolated from opium in 1803 by the German pharmacist F. W. A. Sertürner, who named it after Morpheus, the god of dreams.
..... Click the link for more information. , the effect produced is a tranquilized state known as twilight sleep; this combination of drugs was formerly used in obstetrics but is now considered too dangerous. Overdosage of scopolamine causes delirium, delusions, paralysis, and stupor. The alkaloid is found in a variety of nonprescription sedatives.

Scopolamine

an alkaloid of the tropane group commonly occurring in such solanaceous plants as belladonna, henbane, and datura (mainly in the leaves). The alkaloid is also present in the rhizome of Scopolia. Scopolamine is similar to atropine in chemical properties and physiological activity. Its hydrobro-mide is used in anesthesiology; it is also an antiparkinson and cholinolytic agent. A derivative of scopolamine and camphor is included in the composition of aeron, an antiemetic.

scopolamine

[skə′päl·ə‚mēn] (pharmacology) C₁₇H₂₁O₄N An alkaloid derivative of several plants in the family Solanaceae, used as an anticholinergic drug; its hydrobromide salt is used as a sedative.

scopolamine

[sko-pol´ah-mēn] an anticholinergic and antimuscarinic alkaloid derived from various plants, having a depressant effect on the central nervous system. Used as an antisialagogue preanesthetic medication and as an adjunct to general anesthesia, administered parenterally; as an antiemetic, administered orally or parenterally; and as a cycloplegic and mydriatic, applied topically to the conjunctiva. Called also hyoscine.

scopolamine (hyoscine (UK))

Scopoderm TTS (UK), Transderm-Scop, Transderm-V (CA)

scopolamine hydrobromide (hyoscine hydrobromide)

Buscopan (UK), Kwells (UK)

Pharmacologic class: Antimuscarinic, belladonna alkaloid

Therapeutic class: Antiemetic, antivertigo agent, anticholinergic

Pregnancy risk category C

Action

Acts as competitive inhibitor at postganglionic muscarinic receptor sites of parasympathetic nervous system and on smooth muscles that respond to acetylcholine but lack cholinergic innervation. May block cholinergic transmission from vestibular nuclei to higher CNS centers and from reticular formation to vomiting center.

Availability

Injection: 1 mg/ml in 1-ml vials, 0.4 mg/ml in 0.5-ml ampules and 1-ml vials, 0.86 mg/ml in 0.5-ml ampules

Transdermal system (Transderm-Scop): 1.5 mg/patch (releases 0.5 mg scopolamine over 3 days)

Indications and dosages

➣ Preanesthetic sedation and obstetric amnesia

Adults: 0.3 to 0.6 mg I.M., I.V., or subcutaneously 45 to 60 minutes before anesthesia, usually given with analgesics

➣ Postoperative nausea and vomiting

Adults: One transdermal patch placed behind ear on evening before surgery and kept in place for 24 hours after surgery. For cesarean section, one transdermal patch placed behind ear 1 hour before surgery.

➣ Motion sickness

Adults: One transdermal patch placed behind ear 4 hours before anticipated need, replaced q 3 days if needed

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to scopolamine, other belladonna alkaloids, or barbiturates

• Hypersensitivity to bromides (injection only)

• Angle-closure glaucoma

• Acute hemorrhage

• Myasthenia gravis

• Obstructive uropathy (including prostatic hypertrophy)

• Obstructive GI disease (including paralytic ileus and intestinal atony)

• Reflux esophagitis

• Ulcerative colitis or toxic megacolon

• Hepatic or renal impairment

• Chronic lung disease (with repeated doses)

Precautions

Use cautiously in:

• suspected intestinal obstruction; pulmonary or cardiac disease; tachyarrhythmia or tachycardia; open-angle glaucoma; autonomic neuropathy; hypertension; hyperthyroidism; ileostomy or colostomy

• history of seizures or psychosis

• elderly patients

• pregnant or breastfeeding patients (safety not established)

• children.

Administration

• For I.V. use, give by direct injection at prescribed rate after diluting with sterile water.

• After removing protective strip from transdermal patch, avoid finger contact with exposed adhesive layer to prevent contamination.

Adverse reactions

CNS: drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, restlessness, fatigue

CV: tachycardia, palpitations, hypotension, transient heart rate changes

EENT: blurred vision, mydriasis, photophobia, conjunctivitis

GI: constipation, dry mouth

GU: urinary hesitancy or retention

Skin: decreased sweating, rash

Interactions

Drug-drug. Antidepressants, antihistamines, disopyramide, quinidine: additive anticholinergic effects

Antidepressants, antihistamines, opioid analgesics, sedative-hypnotics: additive CNS depression

Oral drugs: altered absorption of these drugs

Wax-matrix potassium tablets: increased GI mucosal lesions

Drug-herbs. Angel's trumpet, jimsonweed, scopolia: increased anticholinergic effects

Drug-behaviors. Alcohol use: increased CNS depression

Patient monitoring

• Assess vital signs and neurologic, cardiovascular, and respiratory status.

• Monitor patient for urinary hesitancy or retention.

Patient teaching

• Tell patient transdermal patch is most effective if applied to dry skin behind ear 4 hours before traveling.

• Caution patient to avoid touching exposed adhesive layer of transdermal patch.

• Advise patient to wash and dry hands thoroughly before and after applying patch.

• If patch becomes dislodged, instruct patient to remove it and apply new patch on a different site behind ear.

• Tell patient that using patch for more than 72 hours may cause withdrawal symptoms (headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness). Advise him to limit use when feasible.

• Inform patient that his eyes may be markedly sensitive to light during patch use. Instruct him to wear sunglasses and use other measures to guard eyes from light.

• Caution patient to avoid alcohol because it may increase CNS depression.

• As appropriate, review all other significant adverse reactions and interactions, especially those related to the drugs, herbs, and behaviors mentioned above.

sco·pol·a·mine

(skō-pol'ă-mēn, -min), An alkaloid found in the leaves and seeds of Hyoscyamus niger, Duboisia myoproides, Scopolia japonica, S. carniolica, Atropa belladonna, and other solanaceous plants; exerts anticholinergic actions similar to that of atropine, but is thought to have greater central nervous system effects; useful in preventing motion sickness; available as various salts. Synonym(s): hyoscine

scopolamine

(skə-pŏl′ə-mēn′, -mĭn)n. An alkaloid drug, C₁₇H₂₁NO₄, extracted from plants such as henbane and used primarily to treat motion sickness and nausea and to dilate the pupil. Also called hyoscine.

scopolamine

^®Therapeutics An atropine-like anticholinergic–or antimuscarinic, used in preanesthesia, where CNS depression is desirable, GI tract antispasmodic, to ↑ heart rate, and counteract vasodilation and low BP caused by choline esters Metabolism GI tract absorption,¹⁄₂ metabolized in liver, remainder in kidneys Adverse efects Dry mouth, tachycardia, palpitation, pupillary dilatation, blurring of vision, headache, dry
hot skin

sco·pol·a·mine

(skō-pol'ă-mēn) An alkaloid found in the leaves and seeds of Hyoscyamus niger, and other solanaceous plants; exerts anticholinergic actions similar to that of atropine, but thought to have greater central nervous system effects; useful in preventing motion sickness; available as various salts.
Synonym(s): hyoscine.

scopolamine

An ATROPINE-like drug used in premedication as a sedative and to dry up respiratory and salivary secretions.

sco·pol·a·mine

(skō-pol'ă-mēn, -min) An alkaloid found in the leaves and seeds of various plants; exerts anticholinergic actions similar to that of atropine, but is thought to have greater central nervous system effects; useful in preventing motion sickness.
Synonym(s): hyoscine.

scopolamine

sco·pol·a·mine

scopolamine

sco•pol•a•mine

scopolamine

scopolamine

hyoscine

Scopolamine

scopolamine

scopolamine

scopolamine

scopolamine (hyoscine (UK))

scopolamine hydrobromide (hyoscine hydrobromide)

Action

Availability

Indications and dosages

Contraindications

Precautions

Administration

Adverse reactions

Interactions

Patient monitoring

Patient teaching

sco·pol·a·mine

scopolamine

scopolamine

sco·pol·a·mine

scopolamine

sco·pol·a·mine

scopolamine

Synonyms for scopolamine

noun an alkaloid with anticholinergic effects that is used as a sedative and to treat nausea and to dilate the pupils in ophthalmic procedures

Synonyms

Related Words