| 单词 | toledo | ||||||
| 释义 | ToledoTo·le·do 1T0252950 (tə-lē′dō)To·le·do 2also to·le·do (tə-lē′dō)ToledoTo•le•do(təˈli doʊ; for 1,3,4 also -ˈleɪ-)n., pl. -dos for 4.
ToledoToledo,city (1990 pop. 60,671), capital of Toledo prov. and of Castile–La ManchaCastile–La Mancha, autonomous community (1990 pop. 1,695,144), central Spain, encompassing the provinces of Toledo, Ciudad Real, Cuenca, Guadalajara, and Albacete. It was established as an autonomous community in 1982. It is in the historical region of New Castile. ..... Click the link for more information. , central Spain, on a granite hill surrounded on three sides by a gorge of the Tagus River. Historically and culturally it is one of the most important cities of Spain. Tourism is its most important industry, and armaments and engraved metalwork are manufactured. Landmarks and InstitutionsThe city's general aspect has changed little since El Greco painted his famous View of Toledo. Its chief landmark, the alcázar (fortified palace), was originally a Moorish structure, restored in the 13th cent. and transformed (1535, 1576) to serve as residence for Charles VCharles V, Toledo is surrounded by partly Moorish, partly Gothic walls and gates. Of Moorish origin also is the Alcántara bridge. The Gothic cathedral, begun in 1226, is one of the finest in Spain and houses El Greco's Espolio and other paintings by him in its lovely baroque chapels. Among the other many famous buildings are the Church of Santo Tomé, with El Greco's Burial of the Conde de Orgaz; the Church of Santa María la Blanca (12th–13th cent.; formerly a synagogue); the Convent of San Juan de los Reyes (15th cent.), with five Gothic cloisters; the Hospital of San Juan Bautista (15th–16th cent.), which has some paintings by El Greco; the former Tránsito synagogue, in Mudéjar style; and the Greco Museum. HistoryToledo is of pre-Roman origin; known in ancient times as Toletum, it fell to the Romans in 193 B.C. The city became an early archiepiscopal see; its archbishops are the primates of Spain. In the 6th cent. Toledo prospered as a capital of the Visigothic kingdom, and it was the scene of several important church councils. Its greatest prosperity began under Moorish rule (712–1085), first as the seat of an emir and after 1031 as the capital of an independent kingdom. Under the Moors and later under the kings of Castile, who made it their chief residence, Toledo was a center of the Moorish, Spanish, and Jewish cultures and thus a great center for translation (its School of Translators was revived in 1995). Toledo sword blades were famous for their strength, elasticity, and craftsmanship; the art was introduced by Moorish artisans, and it is still carried on. Other important products were silk and wool textiles. In the 15th cent. Valladolid superseded Toledo as chief royal residence, but Emperor Charles V resided in Toledo during much of his reign (1516–56). Its decline began in the 16th cent., but at the same time Toledo gained importance as Spain's spiritual capital. The seat of the Grand Inquisitors, it was also the center of the mysticism symbolized by El GrecoGreco, El Toledo(təlē`dō), city (1990 pop. 332,943), seat of Lucas co., NW Ohio, on the Maumee River at its junction with Lake Erie; inc. 1837. With a natural harbor and its railroads and highways, Toledo is a port of entry and one of the chief shipping centers on the Great Lakes. Oil, coal, farm products, and motor vehicle parts are exported; iron ore is the principal import. Toledo is also an industrial and commercial center, with oil refineries, a glassmaking industry, shipyards, and plants that manufacture vehicles, powertrain assemblies, machinery, and chemicals. The health-care industry is also significant.Gen. Anthony WayneWayne, Anthony, Toledo grew and prospered with the opening of the canals in the 1840s, the arrival of numerous railroad lines, the development of the Ohio coal fields, the tapping of gas and oil deposits in the late 19th cent., and the establishment of the Libbey glassworks in 1888. When Samuel M. JonesJones, Samuel Milton, The city is the seat of the Univ. of Toledo. Points of interest include the Toledo Museum of Art with its Glass Pavilion, a large zoo, and the Anthony Wayne suspension bridge (1931). The site of the battle of Fallen Timbers, a national historic landmark, is in a nearby state park. Toledoa port city in the northern USA, in Ohio. Situated at the western end of Lake Erie, at the mouth of the Maumee River. Population, 380,000 (1974; including suburbs, 790,000). Toledo is an important commercial transportation and industrial center, with a freight turnover of about 30 million tons. The city’s industries, which employ 84,000 people (1973), include metalworking, petroleum refining, metallurgy, shipbuilding, the production of glass, porcelain, and chemicals, the processing of food and rubber, and the manufacture of metalcutting machine tools, forging and pressing equipment, construction materials, motor vehicles, and equipment for the chemical and petroleum industries. Coal from Kentucky and West Virginia, along with petroleum products and motor vehicles, is shipped from Toledo to the industrial regions of the Great Lakes and Canada. Toledo also has a university. Toledoa city in Spain in the region of New Castile, situated on a steep hill on the right bank of the Tajo River. Capital of Toledo Province. Population, 44,400 (1970). The city is an ancient crafts center for the production of metalwork, including such items associated with bullfighting as swords and banderillas, as well as ceramics and silk and woolen goods. The house of El Greco, now a museum, is located in Toledo. In ancient times, Toledo (Toletum) was a settlement of the Iberian Carpetanian tribe, which was conquered by the Romans in the second century B.C. Toledo became the capital of the Visi-gothic state in the mid-sixth century. The city was captured by the Moors in 711, and its inhabitants staged numerous uprisings against the invaders during the eighth and ninth centuries. Toledo was conquered by Alfonso VI the Brave in 1085 and became the capital of Castile and León. In 1479, Toledo became the capital of a united Spain. Beginning in the period of Arab supremacy, the city was a major crafts center, especially for the production of cold-forged steel and for leather processing. The 14th and 15th centuries witnessed the development of the manufacture of silk and other fabrics, ceramics, and jewelry. Madrid became the capital of Spain in 1561, and in the late 16th and early 17th centuries, Toledo’s economic and political importance declined. The plan of the city, conditioned by Toledo’s location at the bend of the Tajo River, took form in the Middle Ages. There are remains of a Roman circus, an aqueduct, medieval fortifications, the fortified bridges of San Martin (13th century; rebuilt in the 14th century) and of Alcántara (13th century; rebuilt in the 15th century), the Moorish gates of Puerta Vieja de Bisagra (ninth century), and the Puerta del Sol gates (c. 1100; rebuilt in the Mudejar architectural style in the early 14th century). Architectural monuments in Toledo include the churches of Cristo de la Luz (formerly the mosque of Bib-al-Mardom, 960) and Santa María la Blanca (1180 to the 13th century), a Gothic cathedral whose basic structure dates from the 13th to 15th centuries, the Alcázar (rebuilt from the 16th to 18th centuries; the eastern facade dates from the 13th century, and the western facade, from the late 15th century), and the city hall (late 16th century). Toledo, which has been declared a national monument, has few modern buildings and has retained its medieval aspect. REFERENCEMalitskaia, K. M. Toledo—staraia stolitsa Ispanii. Moscow, 1968.ToledoToledoenUS
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Toledo - an industrial city in northwestern Ohio on Lake Erie
Toledo - a city in central Spain on the Tagus river; famous for steel and swords since the first century